阅读理解各类文体体裁满分策略（原题版）-高考英语二轮复习（新高考专用）

A专题16阅读理解各类文体体裁满分策略

Q岩克藉窗

一、【应用文解法策略】

审题口诀：

应用文体较容易，快速浏览明大意。

跳读内容重细节，亦可舍文先读题。

相关内容细比对，信息吻合破无机。

[方法1].先题后文法

应用文体文章比较长，此时我们不必记住所有信息，可以先阅读题目，带着问题阅读，多注意细节，如时间、

地点、人物或数据等，简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。尤其是广告文章的阅读一般采取跳读、略读

等快速阅读法，快速浏览信息，搜索对比。对文中信息的快速处理能力是考查阅读理解能力的重要方面。

【典例剖析】

(场“雨ayreadthequestionsfirst.)

HistoryFairpetition

Understandinghistoryisvitaltounderstandingourselvesasapeopleandasanation.

Historyismuchmorethanthestudyofdustyoldobjectsandeventslongpast.Itisanessentialpartof

whowearetodayandwhowewillbee.ThorntonMiddleSchoolHistoiyFairpetitionmakesunderstanding

historyexciting,engaging,andfun!

ThisYear'sTheme

Allparticipantsmustaddresshowmunicalionortransportationrechnologyhaspromotedthequalityof

lifelorAmericansthroughoulhistory.Tomanypeople,technologymeansputers,handhelddevices,or

vehiclesthattraveltodistantplanets.However,technologyisalsotheapplicationofscientificknowledgeto

solveaproblem,touchinglivesincountlessways.

Individualsorgroupsmayenteroneofthefollowingcategories:

•Performance

•Documentary

•EssayWriting

CategoryRequirements

Performance:Adramaticpresentationofthetopicnomorethan10minuteslong.Ifspecialclothesarcused,

theyshouldtrulyrepresentagivenperiod.

Documenlary:Avisualpresentation(suchasavideo,slideshow,orputerproject)nomore(han10minutes

long.Adesktopputer,screen,projector,andloudspeakerswillbeavailable.Studentsmustprovidatheir

presentationsonCDsbeforeFriday,March23.

EssayWriting:Anacademicpaperof2,000to2,500words.Noillustrationsareallowed.Pleasedonot

includecovers.Alistofreferencesmustbeincluded.

ImportantDates

January5Submitatopicproposaltoyourhistoryteacher.Theteachermayrequirea

secondproposalif(hefirstisofftopicorunclear.

February5Submitafirstdraftofyouressay,performancescript,ordocumentary

highlights.

February19Amittccofteacherswillevaluatematerialsandgiveopinions.Studentsthenhavean

opportunitytoimprovetheirproducts.

March9Submitafinaldraftofyouressay.

March15Performanceanddocumentarymitteepreview

March24ThorntonMiddleSchoolHistoryFairpetition

7:A.M.A.M.—9:00A.M.Participantssigninginalthegym

10：00A.M.—6:09P.M.petitionandjudges,review

7：(X)P.M.Awardsceremony

1.Whatisthethemeofthisyear'spetition?

A.Technologyadvancesscience.

B.Scienceinteractswithtechnology.

C.Sciencehasmadethestudyofhistoryeasy.

D.TechnologyhasimprovedthelifeofAmericans.

2.Whatwouldaparticipanthavetodowithanessayof1,500wordstomeetthecategoryrequirement?

A.Includemoreinformationintheessay.B.Removethereferences.

C.Provideacoverfortheessay.D.Explainthedetailswithillustrations.

3.WhatwillthemittccofteachersdoonFebruary19?

A.Previewperformancesanddocumentaries.

B.Makemeritson(hematerials.

C.Improvetheparticipant'sfirstdraft.

D.Collectasecondproposalfromtheparticipant.

[方法2]・题干定位法

应用文阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在试题中，常常是就某一点

提问，以细节理解题为主，考生完全没有必要从头到尾全部仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此

类题时，宜采用"题干定位法”，即先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干

关键河到文中定位答案范围，阅读阳关部分，快速寻找有效信息，再把原文和选项相比较。问题与材料相同一＞

对号入座；问题与原文相同一同义替换、归纳事实等。

【典例剖析】

MonthlyTalksatLondonCanalMuseum

Ourmonthlytalksstartat19:30onthefirstThursdayofeachmonthexceptAugust.Admissionisatnormal

chargesandyoudon'tneedtobook.Theyendaround21:00.

November7th

TheCanalPioneers,byChrisLewis.JamesBrindleyisrecognizedasoneof(heleadingearlycanalengineers.

Hewasalsoamajorplayerintrainingothersintheartofcanalplanningandbuilding.ChrisLewiswillexplainhow

Brindleymadesuchapositivecontributiontotheeducationofthatgroupofearly“civilengineers'*.

December5th

IcefortheMetropolis,byMalcolmTucker.Wellbeforethearrivaloffreezers,therewasademandforiccfor

foodpreservationandcatering,Malcolmwillexplainthehistoryofimportingnaturaliceandthetechnologyofbuilding

icewells,andhowLondon'sicetradegrew.

【典例剖析】

RubbermaidmercialStainless（不锈的）SteelOvenMonitoringThermometei•（温度计）FGTHO550

byRubbermaidmercialProducts

4.3outof5stars2,274customerreviews

Price:$7.01

Color:Metallic

Madeofwearablestainlesssteel,thisoventhermometerisdesignedtoendurethetestofthetoughestprofessional

andhomekitchens.ThescalereadsinbothFahrenheitandCelsius,anditfeaturesclearlymarkedtemperature

differencestoaidaccuratereadings.Easytoinstall,thethermometercsequippedwithaconvenienthanger,soitcanbe

suspendedfromanovenrail.Itsselfstandingdesignalsoallowsittostanduprightonabakingpanintheoven.

EasvtoRealDial

Thisoventhermometermeasureanddisplaystrueoventemperature,helpingtoensurepreciseresultwhen

preparingfood.

DurableStainlessSteelDesign

Withitsstainlesssteelconstructionandrockresistantlens,thisthermometerwithstandstoughandrepeateduse.And

withitslong1Oycarwarranty,it'ssuretobcconeofyourkitchenmainstays.

Aboutmanufacturer

RubbermaidmercialProducts,headquarteredinWinchester,Va.,isamanufacturerofinnovative,solutionbased

productsformercialandinstitutionalmarketsworldwide.Since1968,RCPhaspioneeredtechnologiesandsystem

solutionsinthecategoriesoffoodprepservices,cleaningmaintenance,wastehandling,materialtransport,andsafely

products.

Productdetails

ProductDimensions:6.1x4.5x1.5inches;Ipound

DomesticShipping:ItemcanbeshippedwithinU.S.

InternationalShipping:ThisitemcanbeshippedtoselectedcountriesoutsideoftheU.S.LearnMore

AmazonBestSellersRank:

#IinHome&Kitchen>OvenThermometers

Specialoffersandproductpromotions

yourcreditoryourAmazonGiftCard.Applynow.

1.Whichofthefollowingfeaturesdoestheproductsenjoy?

A.It'smadeofqualityplasticeasytobebent.

B.Itisassistedwithelectronicdialreadingsystem

C.Itcouldbepositionedwithintheovenintwodays.

D.Itisresistanttoshakeandpressure.

2.WhichdescriptionabouttheproductisTRUE?

A.Itprovidesunconditionaldomesticandinternationalshipping

B.ItsellsbestinOvenThermometerssectiononAmazon.

C.Over3000customershavementedontheproduct.

D.Itcouldbepaidforonlythroughcreditcard.

3.WhichofthefollowingproductsisNOTlikelytobemanufacturedbyRubbermaidmercialProducts?

A.DesksidePlasticWastebasket.

B.AirtightSnackContainer

C.FullPanCarrier

D.OvcrcarBassSoundStereoIIcadphoncs

二、【记叙文解法策略】

［方法1］顺藤摸瓜

记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W(what,who,when,where,why)要素。因此作

,细节，的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。

【典例剖析】

McCoywaslookingforasafeplacetododrugswhensomethingclearlyoutofplacecaughthiseye:aluxurious

brownleatherhandbag.

McCoy,36,couldrelatealltoowell.Oneofhisfewpossessions,ihesleepingbagheusedinanabandonedhouse,

hadrecentlybeenstolen.Rememberinghowangeredhe'dbeenbyhisownloss,heresolvedtoreturnthepursetoits

owner.

Hebeganrightaway,startingwiththeaddressonthebillfoundinthehandbag.Aftertravelingmuchoftheday

andfinallyapproachingtheaddressonthebill,hewasstoppedbyawoman,whoaskedwhethershecouldbuythe

purse.McCoyrefused,sayinghewassearchingfbritsowner.<lButIamtheowner,“thewomansaid."That'smy

purse.”

WhatdroveMcCoytolookfortheownerofthehandbag?

A.Theurgetofindabusinesspartner.B.Theresolutiontorecoverhissleepingbag.

C.Hisownunfortunateexperience.D.Hisangeroverthepoorlivingcondition.

［方法2］左顾右盼

推理判断蜀在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问

题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或

右盼，在前句或后句子找线索。

【典洌剖析】

Whenshewastenyearsold,IsadoraDuncandroppedoutofschooltoteachpeopledance.Ifthatjobwaslefttoany

othertenyearold,itwouldhaveturnedoutfrustrating,difficult,andalittlediscouraging.

Thereisanoldquotation“ifyoujudgeafishbyitsabilitytoclimbatree,itwillliveitswholelifebelievingthatit

isstupid.^^Anditcapturesanimportanttruth.Atschool,IsadoraDuncanwasafailure.Inthedancehal.,shegaveform

tobrilliance.

Whatdoestheauthortrytotellthereadersinthelastparagraph?

A.Itisuselessclimbingatreetocatchfish.

B.Everybodyisageniusinhisownway.

C.Miseriesefromhumanstupidity.

D.Teacherscanimpactstudentsgreatly.

［方法3］刨根问底

如前所述，事旨大意题或作者意图■等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答

此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表尊所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥：在四个可选项中，一个一个地

去证实,去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如"Whatcanbeinferredfrom...?”或是“Whatdoestheauthor

implyin...?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时

还少不了借助自己的生活经脸和常理来体会这言外之意。

【典例剖析】

McCoywaslookingforasafeplacetododrugswhensomethingclearlyoutofplacecaughthiseye:aluxurious

brownleatherhandbag.

McCoy,36,couldrelatealltoo认ell.Oneofhisfewpossessions,thesleepingbagheusedinanabandonedhouse,

hadrecentlybeenstolen.Rememberinghowangeredhe'dbeenbyhisownloss,heresolvedtoretunithepursetoits

owner.

Hebeganrightaway,startingwiththeaddressonthebillfoundinthehandbag.Aftertravelingmuchoftheday

andfinallyapproachingtheaddressonthebilkhewasstoppedbyawoman,whoaskedwhethershecouldbuythe

purse.McCoyrefused,sayinghewassearchingforitsowner.uBut1amtheowner,“thewomansaid."That'smy

purse”

Amonthearlier,KaitlynSmith,29,asalesrepresentativeforamedicaldevicepany,hadwokenuptofindher

apartinentbrokenintoandherpursestolen.Nowshecameacrossa(all,messylookingmanholdingittightly.Shecould

instantlytellhewasn'tingoodshape.

AtSmith'surging,McCoytoldherhisstory.He'dbeeninchargeofalandscapingbusinessuntil2012,whenacar

accidentlefthimaddictedtodrugs.

Smith,amazedthisstrangerhadgonetosuchgreatlengthstoreturnherbag,askedwhethertherewasanythingshe

coulddotohelp.'Tmadrugaddict/'McCoywarned."Idon'twanttointrudeonyourlife;I'mprobablygonnaletyou

down.”

Unafraid,Smithgavehimherphonenumber,saying,“Ifyouwanttogotorehab(戒毒所)，callme.^^Shethen

drovehimbacktohisneighborhoodandleft,thinkingthatwouldbe(heendofit.Twodayslater,shegotacall.

SmithrealizedthatMcCoywasseriousaboutgettingbetter,scshedugintohersavingsaccountandbought

McCoyaplanetickettoFlorida.Whilethere,hewouldcallhertoletherknowhowhewasdoing.<lWeweregettingto

knoweachother,"Smithsays."Hisscared,desperatevoiceturnedintoahealthy,livelyone."After28daysatarehab

programatJohnsHopkinsHospital,McCoyisdrugfree.HelivesataresidentialrecoverycenterinBaltimore,anda

GoFundMepagesetupbySmithhascoveredhisrent,groceries,andincidentals.Hislifeisbackontrack,allbecause

onecrimevictimcouldunderstandanother'sloss.

Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.DrugabuseCanHeal.B.LostandFound.

C.MutualmunicationMatters.D.GoodDeedsRepaid.

［方法4］拨云见日

阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道|。而这些词汇往往是与你素昧平生的，或者

和你有点头之交的，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个

短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变

通能力。

【典例剖析】

Whenyouattendawritingconference,youseeafacadethattookmonthsorlongertomakeup.Plentyisgoingon

behindthescenes.Let'stakealookbehindthecurtain.

Thedaystartslongbeforeattendeeswalkthroughthedoor.Registrationissetup,signspostedandtablesarranged.

Logistics(后勤)allfallontheconferenceorganizers.Forexample,theannualconferenceIdirectinSanFrancisco(see

theposterabove)isasimpleonedayconferencethattakesmorethaneightmonthstopultogetherandaround15staff

andvolunteerstomanage.Largermuhidayconferenceshaveevenmoregoingonbehindthescenes.

Theunderlinedwordfacaderefersto

A.(hecffuilbehind(hequeuesB.Iliescenesvisiblelu(liepublic

C.theliterarymasterpieceondisplayD.thematerialdistributedatthemeeting

三、【说明文解法策略】

审题口诀：

说明文章是“素描“，无情无议只介绍。

阐明事理遵顺序，客观叙述不作造“

不管题干如何问，原文材料是依靠。

相关淆句提信息，比对成功不动摇。

科普类文章往往具有跨学科、行文逻辑性强等特点:要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握。

科普说明文常设置下列题型：细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨大意题等，其中以主旨大意和推理

判断题居多。从词汇角度来看，在科普类文章中,词汇的意义具有强一性和准确性的特点。从语法和句子结构方

面看淇结构较复杂，长难句较多，语法分析较困难。文章中常用被动语态、定语从句等结构。科普说明文在结构

上常采用的写作方法有:①总分式。在说明事物或事理时，段落（层次）之间有一个总分关系.表现为由总到分或由分

到总;②承接式。各层之间按照事物的发展过程,或者按时间、因果、条件等关系安排，前后相互承接;③递进式。

后边在前边的基础上进一步说明、各层之间的关系由浅入深。文章的命题除了遵循科普类文章的命题方式外，还经

常考查文章的篇章结构和修辞手法。

［方法1］细节理解题

说明文通常突出介绍事件的过程、步骤和方法，同时通过具体的事例、数字、定义或图表等加以说明，所以该

文体中的细节理解题常常和这些过程、步骤、方法、事例、数字、定义、图表等相关。考生解题时一定要准确

地理解这些事实细节，进而做好相关的细节理解题。

【典例】

Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,

reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscan

get.Thesechemicalsefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheair

isamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganicpounds,VOCsforshort.

ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It'saplant'swayofcrying

out.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Bccausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.

Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumes

designedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiesto（heattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.The

attackerwhowaslunchingnowbeeslunch.

Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymore

seriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhat

todo.

Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon'tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpain

orwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjust

happenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn'tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.

CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate（亲密的）thanthe

worldwecanseeandhcar.Oursensesareweak.There'sawholelotgoingon.

Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?

A.Itmakesnoises.B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.

C.Itstandsquietly.D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.

［方法2］主旨大意题

说明文中的主旨大意题通常会体现作者写作的目的、文章主题思想、段落大意及阅读人群、文章出处等。这样，

考生需要根据文章或段落的主题句、作者说明的主要内容等信息确定和主旨大意相关的试题，从而做出正确的

选择。

【典例】

©Riskissomethingwefacedaily.However,somepeopleareobviouslymorewillingtotakerisksthanothers.

©Biologistsappeartohavediscoveredaphysicalreasonthatexplainswhysomepeoplearcrisktakers.Dopamine

isaneurotransmitter,achemicalthatspreadssignalsbetweennervecells.Itislinkedtothebrainsrewardsystemandis

thechemicalthatmakesusfeelgood,andscientistsbelieveittobelinkedtorisktaking.Ournervecellshavedopamine

"。〃妙方(接收器)whichcontrol(heamountofdopamine(hateachcellreceives.Buinotallreceptorsmaybeactive.

Whenapersonhasfewactivereceptorstocontroltheamountofdopaminethatisreceived,acellcanbeeflooded

resultinginanextremefeelingofhappiness.

©Dopaminegivesusabiologicalreasonforrisktaking,butscientistsbelievetheremaybepsychologicalreasons

too.Sensationseekingisapersonalitycharacteristicthatdescribesthedesiretofindactivitiesthatbringuspleasure.In

1964,psychologistMarvinZuckermancreatedthescnsationscckingscale.His40itcinquestionnaire,stillusedtoday,

wasgiventopeoplewhowereactiveinseekingnewactivities,andtopeoplewhoweremoresatisfiedwithaquietlife.

Whilerisktakingisno(acharacteristicinitself,itisverymuchassociatedwithsensationseeking,asahigh

sensalionseekerdoesnotevaluateriskinthesamewaythatalowsensationseekerdoes.Adesiretoachievepleasure

meansthatthereisagreaterwillingnesstotakemorerisks.

©Therearebothbiologicalandpsychologicalexplanationsastowhysomepeoplemaychoosetotakemorerisks

thanothers.However,noneoftheseexplanationsaredefinitive.

Whatcanbeconcludedfromparagraph4?

A.Thelongingforpleasuremayleadtorisktaking.

B.Awillingnesslotakemoreriskscanbecultivated.

C.Thesensationseekingscalecanhelptoevaluaterisk.

D.Highsensationseekersaremoremonthanlowones.

［方法3］标题判断题

科普说明文多出现标题判断题，考查考生对全文的理解，它常以Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?What

canbeasuitable【itlefor【hetext?等为设问方式，文章标题可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子，它的特点是：短小

精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确

性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。答案需要理解文章后归纳文章中心。

【典例】

Earth'sgeologicages—timeperiodsdefinedbyevidenceinrocklayers——typicallylastmorethanthreemillion

yearsWe'rebarely11,500yearsintothecurrentage,theHolocene.Butanewpaperarguesthatwe'vealreadyentered

anewone—theAnthropocene,or“newman"，age.

Thenameisn,thrandnew.NobelPrizewinnerPaulCnitzen,acoauthorofthepaper,coineditin2(102toreflectthe

changessincetheindustrialrevolution.Thepaper,however,ispartofnewpushtoformalizetheAnthropoceneage.

IftheconceptoftheAnthropoceneageistobeformalized,scientistswillfirsthaveioidentifyanddefinea

boundaryline,ormarker,that'ssetinstone.“Thekeythingisthinkingabouthow-thousandsofyearsinthe

future—geologistsmightebackandactuallyrecognizeinthedepositrecordthebeginningoftheAnthropocene,

explainedAlanHaywoodoftheUniversityofLeedsintheU.K."It'snotasstraightforwardasyoumightthink.The

markerhastobeveryprecise,andithastoberecognizedinmanydifferentpartsoftheworld,''saidHaywood,who

wasn'tinvolvedinthenewstudy.

ThepushforaformaldeclarationoftheAnthropoceneageisaboutmorethanjustscientificcuriosity.Themove,

thescientistswritein(helatestissueofthejournalEnvironmentalScience&Technology^”mightbeusedas

encouragementtoslowcarbonemissionsand初。diverwTy(生物多样性)loss”or“asevidenceonprotectionmeasures.^^

JustasIlaywoodsaid,byunderlininghowmuchwe'rechangingtheenvironment,theformalizationwouldbe“avery

powerfulstatement”.

Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HumansAreDestroyingtheEarth,GeologistsWarn

B.TooEarlytoSetThingsinStone,AuthoritiesSay

C.MoreEvidenceIsNeeded,UniversitiesRequire

D.ANewEarthAgeMayBegin,ScientistsArgue

［方法4］推理判断题

为了考查考生的逻辑推理判断能力，说明文中的推理判断题通常要求考生推断出事件发展过程和步骤的重要环

节以及作者使用举例和对比等写作手法的具体目的等。这时，考生需要联系文章的主题思想对推理判断题加以

突破

【典例】

Parallelworldsexistandinteractwithourworld,sayphysicists.

Quantummechanics（量子力学），thoughfirmlytested,issoweirdandantiintuitivethatphysicistRichard

Feynmanonceremarked,thinkIcansafelysaynobodyunderstandsquantummechanics.^^Attemptstoexplainsome

ofthebizarre（奇异的）consequencesofquantumtheoryhaveledtosomemindbendingideas,suchastheCopenhagen

interpretationandthemanyworldsinterpretation.

Nowthere?sanewtheoryontheblock,calledthe"manyinteractingworlds^^hypothesis（假设）（MIW）,andthe

ideaisjustasprofoundasitsounds.Thetheorysuggestsnotonlyparallelworldsexist,butthattheyinteractwithour

worldonthequantumlevelandarethusdetectable.Thoughstillspeculative（推测的）,thetheorymayhelptofinally

explainsomeofthebizarreconsequencesinherentinquantummechanics.

Thetheoryisaspinoffofthemanyworldsinterpretationinquantummechanics-anassumptionthatallpossible

alternativehistoriesandfuturesarereal,eachrepresentinganactual,thoughparallel,world.Oneproblemwiththe

manyworldsinterpretation,however,hasbeen（hatitisfundamentallyuntestable,sinceobservationscanonlybemade

inourworld.Happeningsintheseproposed^parallel''worldscanthusonlybeimagined.

MIW,however,saysotherwise.Itsuggeststhatparallelworldscaninteractonthequantumlevel,andinfactthat

theydo.

“Theideaofparalleluniversesinquantummechanicshasbeenaroundsince1957,“explainedIlowardWiseman,a

physicistatGriffithUniversityinBrisbane,Australia,andoneofthephysiciststocupwithMIW."Inthewcllknown

4ManyWorldsInterpretation,,eachuniversebranchesintoabunchofnewuniverseseverytimeaquantum

measurementismade.Allpossibilitiesarethereforerealized—insomeuniversesthedinosaurkillingasteroid（小行星）

missedEarth.Inothers,AustraliawascolonizedbythePortuguese.''

“Butcriticsquestiontherealityoftheseotheruniverses,sincetheydonotinfluenceouruniverseatall,''headded.

**Onthisscore,our'ManyInteractingWorlds'approachisplctclydifferent,asitsnameimplies.”

Wisemanandcolleagueshaveproposedthatthereexists“auniversalforceofrepulsionbetweenknearby'(i.e.

similar)worlds,whichtendstomakethemmoredissimilar."Quantumeffectscanbeexplainedbyfactoringinthis

force,theypropose.

Whenaskedaboutwhethertheirtheorymightimplythathumanscouldsomedayinteractwithotherworlds,

Wisemansaid:"Il'snotpartofourtheory.Buttheideaofhumaninteractionswithotheruniversesisnolongerpure

fantasy.”

Whatmightyourlifelooklikeifyoumadedifferentchoices?Maybeonedayyou'llbeabletolookintooneof

thesealternativeworldsandfindout.

Accordingtoparagraph35,thenewtheoryMMIWMdiffersfromthepreviousoneinthat.

A.MIWdevelopsfromquantummechanics

B.MIWsuggeststheinteractioncanbedetected

C.Thepreviousoneisbasedonprofoundfoundation

D.ThepreviousoneprovesthatMIWisimagined

Thelastsentenceofthelastparagraphimpliesthat.

A.somedayhumansmayliveindifferentuniversesinonelifetime

B.humansmaymakedifferentchoicessimultaneously(同时地)andliveindifferentuniverses

C.humansmayliveagainfromthebeginningiftheyregrettheirlifeinthisuniverse

D.lifewouldbemoreunexpected,butallyouexpectmaybetrueinotheruniverses

［方法5］代词指代判断题

科技说明文在对自然奥秘、动植物生存侍点及产品工艺原理进行解释时，易出现动作变换多、人称转变频的现

象，因此常出现代词指代判断题，这些试题常以il；〔hey；ihem等表物的代词为命题题点，要求考生根据上下

文语涛境逻辑推断其指代对象。解题时应认真分析动作转换背景，区分动作不同执行者，从而准确判断代词的

正确指代。

【典例】

Hisblack-and-whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintimc.Thcscpicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushed

intoaworld(hat(heywereunpreparedfbr.Theselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalself-supporting

huntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedby(hemodernFrenchRepublic,whichbringswithitnotonlynecessaryslate

welfare,butalsoalcoholism,betrayalandevensuicide.

Whatdoestheunderlinedworldinthelastparagraphreferto?

A.ThemodernFrenchlifestyle.B.Theself-supportinghunting.

C.Theuncivilizedworld.D.TheFrenchRepublic.

［方法6］生词词义或句意猜测题

科普说明文往往揭示自然奥秘、动植物生存特点及产品工艺原理，易出现一些学术性较强的生词，因此常出现

生词词义判断题，这种试题常以Wha(doestheunderlinedwordmean?或Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword?

为设问方式考查对生词词义的判断。词义猜测题的设置通常和定义、概念、举例等有关，这有助于对词汇的理

解，解题时考生要注意捕捉这些信息，正确理解相关词汇的意思。

【典例】

ResearchersatVanderbiltUniversityandAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicineasked34menandwomen(opletea

questionnaireabouttheirrisktakingtoassesswhethertheyseeknewopportunitiesorarecautiousinlife.Theresultsof

theresearchwereconsistentwithsimilarstudiescarriedoutwithrats,andhadthesameoute.Itconcludedthatpeople

whoarcrisktakershavefewerdopaminereceptorsthanpeoplewhoarcnot.

Theunderlinedphrase“consistentwith:isclosestto""inmeaning.

A.contrarytoB.inagreementwithC.atthecostofD.persistentin

【典例】

IsPaperlessOfficeReallyPaperless?

Arisingeconomyincreasedpapersalesby6to7percenteachyearin(heearlytomid1990s,andiheconvenience

ofdesktopprintingallowedofficeworkerstoprintanythingandeverything.In2004,MerilynDunn,amunications

suppliesdirector,saidthatplainwhiteofficepaperwouldseelessthana4percentgrowthrate,aprimaryreasonfor

whichisthatsome47percentoftheworkforceenteredthejobmarketafterputershadalreadybeenintroducedto

offices.

Forofficeinnovators,thedreamofpaperlessofficeisanexampleofhightecharrogance(傲慢).Today'soffice

serviceisoverwhelmedbymorenewspapersthaneverbefore.Afterdecadesofdevelopment,theAmericangovernment

canfinallygetridofthemadnessonpaper.Inthepast,thedemandforpaperhasbeenfaraheadofgrowthinthe

Americaneconomy,butthesaleshaveslowedmarkedlyoverthepasttwotothreeyears,despitethegoodeconomic

conditions.

“Oldhabitsarehardtobreak,“saysMs.Dunn."T