2025年高考英语大二轮-第二讲　揣摩隐含巧推断　稳取推理判断题

第二讲揣摩隐含巧推断稳取推理判断题推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种：隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作手法题、写作意图题、文章出处/类别题和作者身份/读者对象题。专题微课三隐含推断题和观点态度题隐含推断题——关键词句细推敲【典例1】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters，Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh－qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspentonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices，whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.自主解答：A【图解技巧】【实战应用】一看题干——确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)二读原文——根据关键词定位信息句(画波浪线句)三定答案——由信息句可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。【关键点拨】隐含推断题要求考生推断出作者没有直接说明的内容或可能会发生的事情，理解作者的言外之意等。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解关键词句的真正含义，才能作出准确的推断。观点态度题——依据措辞定态度【典例2】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D)ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion，theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance，theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow－upstudywith100universitystudents，theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates？Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds？Thishappenedsomeofthetime，butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently，thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow，theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain，thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision－makingareenormous.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful. D.Approving.自主解答：D【图解技巧】【实战应用】一看题干——确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)二读原文——根据关键词定位信息句(画波浪线句)三定答案——最后一段作者说，虽然Navajas的研究有局限性，但是从他的研究看，团队讨论和做决定的潜在影响是巨大的，由此判断作者对Navajas的研究持支持态度。【关键点拨】1.关注文中措辞作者的思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。2.熟背常见选项肯定/支持positive积极乐观的；optimistic乐观的；favorable赞同的；approving赞成的；supportive支持的；reasonable合理的反对/否定disapproving不赞成的；critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；doubtful/skeptical/suspicious怀疑的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的中立/客观objective客观的；neutral中立的；unconcerned不关心的；indifferent漠不关心的；uninterested不感兴趣的；unclear不清楚的(2023·广州普通高中毕业班综合测试)DellaStewardgotthestandardwell－wishesonherblogonher53rdbirthday,butshegotsomeunusualmessagestoo.OnewasabouttheSmithfamilywhohadjustlosttheirfour－year－oldsontocancer.Hisolderbrotherwasindeepsorrow.CouldDellahelp?Thatmessageandthe30orsootherslikeitwereexactlywhatDellawaslookingfor.Tocelebrateher53rd,thelong－timesocialserviceprofessionalhadputoutacallonherblog.Shewantedtocommit53randomactsofkindnessbytheendofherbirthmonth,andsheneededinformationonpeoplewhocoulduseone.WhenshegotthenoteabouttheSmithfamily，shesentawindchime(风铃)withthemessage“ListentothewindandknowthatIamnear”writtenonit.Itnowhangsinthefour－year－old’sbedroom,wherehisolderbrothercangotolistentoitwheneverhewants.ThisisnotthefirsttimethatDellahasdecidedtogivegiftsforherbirthday.Forher47th，in2016,shefoundedLoveinAction,anorganizationcommittedtodoingsomethinggoodnearherhomeandbeyond.Itsaimissimple：DoYourBest,ShowYourLove!Overtheyears,theorganizationhasreachedoutandtouchedwellover100strangers,somefoundviaDella’sblog,otherswithhelpfromhergrandkids.Theorganizationalsosharesinexpensiveandcreativegiftideasforotherstohelppeopleinneed.Dellapaysforeverythingherself：giftcards,pay－it－forwardpurchasesatdrive－throughs,andcarepackages,aswellasthegasittakestoplayfairygodmother.Herfamilyoftengiveshersomeextrabirthdaycashwithaseriouswarningagainstspendingitonanyoneelse,whichshenaturallyignores.“Igotacoupleofgiftcardsformybirthdaythisyearandwaslike‘YESSS’！”It’sDella’sparty,andshe’llgiveifshewantsto.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了爱心人士黛拉的故事。1.WhatweretheunusualmessagesDellagotonher53rdbirthday?A.Helprequests. B.Giftideas.C.Donationoffers. D.Birthdaywishes.答案A[细节理解题。根据第一段中“OnewasabouttheSmithfamily...CouldDellahelp？”可知，这个unusualmessage是一个家庭中的孩子陷入弟弟去世的悲伤中，家人寻求帮助的信息。所以答案应选A。]2.WhatcanwelearnaboutDellafromhergifttotheSmithfamily?A.Sheiscaringandbrave.B.Sheislovingandhelpful.C.Sheispatientandromantic.D.Sheiscreativeanddetermined.答案B[隐含推断题。根据第二段的“shesentawindchime(风铃)withthemessage...writtenonit.”可知，Della是个充满爱心，乐于助人的人。]3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLoveinAction?A.Itinvolvespeopleinactsofkindness.B.Itholdsthebeliefthatkindnesspaysoff.C.ItoffersaidwithinDella’sneighborhood.D.Itmainlyaimstoeducatekidstohelpout.答案A[隐含推断题。根据第三段中“shefoundedLoveinAction...ShowYourLove！”可知，这个组织致力于在她家附近和更远的地方做好事，其目标是：做到最好，展示爱心！即希望让人们参与到善行中。]4.WhydoesDella’sfamilygiveherwarnings?A.Shethinkslittleofherfamily’scancer.B.Shetreatsstrangersbetterthanherfamily.C.Sheisfinanciallydependentonherfamily.D.Sheistooreadytogiveawayherbirthdaygifts.答案D[隐含推断题。根据最后一段的“Herfamilyoftengiveshersomeextrabirthdaycash...andshe’llgiveifshewantsto.”可知，Della的家人会提醒她不要把钱花到别人身上，而她本人认为，她想怎么给就怎么给，所以可以推出，她总是很乐意在她生日的时候把礼物送给别人。](2023·沈阳四校联合质检)Thedemanding2025federalCorporateAverageFuelEconomy(CAFE)goalof54.5milespergallonacrossanautomaker’sfleet(车队)isoneofthedrivingfactorsbehindaseriesofadvancementsinmoreefficientenginetechnologies.Tomeettheincreasingfuelstandards,automakershavereliedonarangeofvehicletypes.Mostpeopletendtothinkofhybrids(混合动力车)andelectricvehicleswhentalkturnstoenergyefficientcars.Ahybridvehicleusesbothelectricdriveandaninternalenginetopushthevehicle.Whenthedriverslows,thebatterypartiallyrechargesthroughregenerativebraking.Today,therearehybridversionsofmanymodernmid－sizecars.Themostrecentadvancementcomesintheformofplug－inhybridswithlarger(andmoreexpensive)batterypacksthatcanbechargedathomeortheoffice,allowingyoutodrivegreaterdistancesonelectricpower,whichsignificantlyimprovesoverallaveragefueleconomyonmosttrips.Electriccarsarealsoevolving,butstillconfronthurdleswhenitcomestobatterycostandasomewhatlimitedrangeincertainmodels.Promisingelectricsareonthehorizon,butit’sbesttoreservejudgmentuntilweseewhethertheydeliveratapricepointmoreconsumerscanafford.Hydrogen(氢)fuelcellvehiclesarealsoadvancing.Essentially,theseareelectriccarswiththeelectricitysuppliedbyhydrogenandoxygenpassingthroughafuelcellstack(燃料电池组).They’resuperclean,producingonlywatervaporandalittleheatatthetailpipe.Untilwehavemuchlargerhydrogen－fuelbasicfacilities,thesetypesofvehicleswillbelimitedtoregionaluseinmajormetroareas.Asyoucantell,alongwithenginetechnology,advancementshavebeenmadeinmanyotherareas.Withthetechnologicalcompetitionamongautomakers,energyefficientcarsareevolvingatanimpressivepace,andthat’sagoodthingfortheplanet.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了节能汽车，即混动汽车、电动汽车和氢燃料电池汽车的发展，并期望未来能看到节能汽车方面更多的技术进步。5.Whydoautomakersdevelopvarioustypesofvehicles?A.Topromotethecarproduction.B.Toboosttheautomobileindustry.C.Tosatisfythecustomers’demand.D.TomeetthefederalCAFE’sstandards.答案D[隐含推断题。根据第一段最后一句“Tomeettheincreasingfuelstandards,automakershavereliedonarangeofvehicletypes.”以及本段提到的“2025federalCorporateAverageFuelEconomy(CAFE)”可知，汽车制造商开发各种车型的原因是满足燃油标准，这个标准指的是联邦公司燃油经济性标准(CAFE)。]6.Whatisthelatestimprovementofthehybridcar?A.Itcanbeappliedtocarsinvarioussizes.B.Itisequippedwithplug－inbatterypacks.C.Itusesaninternalengineandelectricdrive.D.Itcanbepartiallychargedviaspeedingdrive.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Themostrecentadvancementcomes...allowingyoutodrivegreaterdistancesonelectricpower”可知，混动汽车最近的优化是，配备了插电式的电池组。]7.Whatpreventsthehydrogen－fuelcellvehiclesbeingwidelyused?A.Thehighcostofproduction.B.Itsdemandofsupercleanfuel.C.Thelackofsupportingfacilities.D.Itsneedofwatervaporandheat.答案C[细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Untilwehavemuchlargerhydrogen－fuelbasicfacilities...inmajormetroareas.”可知，氢燃料电池汽车只在主要城市才有配套氢燃料基础设施，所以由于缺乏基础设施，氢燃料电池汽车无法广泛运用。]8.What’stheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofenergyefficientcars?A.Supportive. B.Tolerant.C.Critical. D.Doubtful.答案A[观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句“Withthetechnologicalcompetitionamongautomakers...andthat’sagoodthingfortheplanet.”可知，作者认为节能汽车的发展迅速对地球有利。因此，可推断作者对未来的节能汽车持积极支持的态度。]A篇Para.1：indeepsorrow深深的悲痛Para.2：commit53randomactsofkindness随机做53件善举Para.4：inexpensiveadj.不贵的，便宜的B篇Para.1：demandingadj.费时的；苛刻的；要求很高的meettheincreasingfuelstandards满足不断提高的燃料标准Para.2：partiallyadv.部分地rechargev.再充电significantlyadv.有重大意义地；显著地ahybridvehicle混合动力汽车Para.3：onthehorizon将要发生Para.4：essentiallyadv.本质上，根本上hydrogenfuel氢燃料A篇译文：她的家人经常给她一些额外的生日现金，并严重警告她不要把这些钱花在别人身上，但她自然忽略了这一点。专题微课四写作手法题和写作意图题写作手法题——行文逻辑定手法【典例1】(2021·八省联考卷阅读C)Twobasicmagictricksaremakingobjectsseemtoappearandmakingobjectsseemtodisappear.Acombinationofthesetwotricksmakesforsomeinterestingeffects.Forexample,themagicianputsasmallballunderoneofseveralcups.Theballthenseemstojumpfromonecuptoanotherortochangecolour.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagician,employingquickhandmovementsoramechanicaldevice,hidesoneball.Whiledoingthishetalkstotheaudienceandwavesabrightlycolouredclothwithonehand.Theaudienceistoobusywatchingtheclothandlisteningtothemagician’swordstonoticethathisotherhandishidingtheball.Anotherfavouritetrickistocutorburnsomething,andthenmakeitappearwholeagain.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagicianmakesthecutorburnedobjectdisappearbyquicklyhidingitwhiletheaudiencewatchessomethingelse.Thenhe“magically”makesitappearwholeagainbydisplaying(展示)anotherobjectthathasnotbeencutorburned.30.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Providingexamples. B.Makingasummary.C.Drawingcomparisons. D.Explainingaconcept.自主解答：A【图解技巧】【实战应用】一看题干——确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)二读原文——根据关键词定位信息句(画波浪线句)三定答案——通过第一段“Forexample...tochangecolour.”以及第二段“Whatactuallyhappens...watchessomethingelse.”可以推知，在这两段中，作者举了两个例子。【关键点拨】每篇文章或每个段落都遵循一定的逻辑线索来展开说明或介绍。解答此类题时，考生要能够把握文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作手法。写作意图题——立足行文推意图【典例2】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B)Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco－machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit！Withinweeks，ithadallbeendigested，andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears，Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse－likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco－machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou，acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor，”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself－repair.”26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.自主解答：B【图解技巧】【实战应用】一看题干——确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)二读原文——根据关键词定位信息句(画波浪线句)三定答案——画波浪线的部分提到净化福州的运河水是为了举例说明John的发明及其理念在实践中的应用。【关键点拨】无论是文章的写作意图，还是某个段落或者细节的写作意图，都必定与文章主题相关，为文章主题服务。读首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨；然后由主旨来推断作者的写作意图；议论文、新闻报道、说明文等的主题句多在文首。(2023·十堰统考一模)Thesedays,there’sagreenversionofjustabouteverything.Therearecarsthatrunonelectricityandalternativefuels,housesthatarepoweredbysolarenergyandwindfarmsseeminglypoppinguponeveryopenspacefromCaliforniatocoastalJapan.Evendrones(无人机)aregettinginontheaction.Theunmannedairvehiclesarealsobeingputtoenvironmentalusesaroundtheglobe.Theeyeintheskythattheyprovidehelpsresearchersbetterunderstandwhat’sgoingonwiththenaturalworldinwhichwelive.Forenvironmentalistsandearthscientists,theflyingmachinescanbesentwayupintheairtorecordsweepingfootageofalargeareatotracktheimpactofthingslikeclimatechange,migrationandtheactsofcuttingdownandburningforesttrees,whichcanbedonewithouthavingtobuyahelicopter,rentaplaneortapeavideocameratoabird.Sure,there’splentyofsatellitefootagealreadyoutthere,butdronesletresearchersaccuratelypositionthedatasetthattheywanttogetaquicker,closerlookattheareathatthey’relookingtomonitor.In2013,forexample,theNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)sentadroneintotheTurrialbaVolcanoinCostaRicatogatherdataaboutitsemissions.Thetemperature,ashheightandgasconcentrationinformationcollectedduringthemissionhelpedearthscientistsdeterminewhichwaythevolcanicandpotentiallypoisonousgaseruptingfromthevolcanowasmovingandtakestepstolimititsenvironmentalimpact.Similarly,Arcticresearchersareusingdronestohelpstudytemperaturechangeandthemeltingofglaciers.Theyusedronesequippedwithinfrared(红外线的)camerastosweepintoplacesthattheymayotherwisenotbeabletoreachtomonitorandcollectdataonthemeltingice.Thesameflyingmachinesmayalsoeventuallybeusedtotransportotherdatacollectiontoolsintothewild.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了无人机在环境保护方面的应用。1.Howdoestheauthorleadinthetopicofthetext?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bylistingdata.C.Bydrawingadistinction.D.Bymakingassumptions.答案A[写作手法题。根据第一段中“Thesedays,there’sagreenversionofjustabouteverything...Evendrones(无人机)aregettinginontheaction.”可知，本段中作者列举了生活中随处可见的环保物品：电动汽车代替燃料汽车，太阳能驱动的房屋和风力发电场，引入了本文的话题。]2.Whatmainlymakesdronesusedtobetterwatchnature?A.Thehighsafety.B.Thehugespace.C.Therecoverycapabilityafterdamage.D.Theabilitytocollectdataatahighaltitude.答案D[细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，使用无人机可以帮助研究人员更好地了解我们生活的自然世界正在发生什么，可以在空中实现影像采集，追踪气候变化，动物迁徙以及人类对森林的破坏行为。]3.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytellusaboutdrones?A.Theirproductionsteps.B.Theirpracticalfunctions.C.Theirpotentialimpactsontheatmosphere.D.Theirdatasetformonitoringtheenvironment.答案B[段落大意题。倒数第二段中“dronesletresearchersaccuratelypositionthedata...thatthey’relookingtomonitor.”讲述了无人机能实现的功能。最后一段中“Similarly,Arcticresearchersareusingdrones...andthemeltingofglaciers.”具体说明了无人机在研究气温变化和冰川融化方面的帮助作用。所以两段主要说明了无人机的实际生活中的运用。]4.Whichisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Drones：Poisonous B.Drones：Eco－friendlyC.Drones：Limited D.Drones：Adaptable答案B[标题归纳题。通读全文，结合文章第一段中“Thesedays,there’sagreenversionofjustabouteverything.”和“Theunmannedairvehiclesarealsobeingputtoenvironmentalusesaroundtheglobe.”同时根据本段中的举例，引出了文章的话题：无人机在环境保护方面的应用。第二段提到了无人机可用于观测自然的原因，最后两段阐述了无人机的实际应用。所以本文的标题应为：用于环境保护的无人机。](2023·长沙雅礼中学高三统考)AsearthquakesstruckaswathofTurkeyandSyriaonMondaymorning,JihanBayramranoutofherhouseinherpajamastoaparkinglotintheSyriancityofAleppo,whereacrowdgathered.Motherswarmedtheirbabiesinblanketsinthefreezingnightair.“Ithoughtweweregoingtodie，”saidMs.Bayram,33yearsold,ateacherwholivedinAleppothroughadecadeofcivilwar.“Aleppohassufferedsomuch，”shesaid.“It’slikewearebackinadeepcrisis.”Twopowerfulearthquakesandtheiraftershocksdevastatedasectionofbattle－scarrednorthernSyriathatwasalreadysufferingfromwar,amassexodusofitspeopleandagrinding(无休止的)economiccrisis.NorthernSyriahousedmillionsofpeopledisplacedbythecountry’slongcivilwar,includingnearlytwomillionpeoplelivinginmakeshiftcamps,morethanhalfofwhomarechildren.Thequakeskilledabout1，400peopleintheAlepporegionandseveralotherareasofSyria,saidtheSyrianCivilDefenseorganization,knownastheWhiteHelmets,andtheHealthMinistryaffiliatedwiththegovernment.Casualtyfigureswereexpectedtorise,asmanypeoplewerestillmissingandcommunicationslineshadbeendamagedintheearthquakesandmanyareaswereoutofreachforaidorganizationsandauthorities.ThedaysleadinguptotheearthquakesawheavyrainandsnowinnorthernSyria,whichmaderesidentsthereevenmorevulnerabletoanaturaldisaster,saidMadeviSun－Suon,spokeswomanfortheUnitedNationsOfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairsinTurkey.“Thisspellsdisasterforanareathat’salreadysuffered，”shesaid.Warehouseshadbeendamagedandhospitalswereoverwhelmed,residentsinAlepposaid.Citizensweregatheringoutsideinparks,schoolplaygroundsandinyardsoutsidemosques(清真寺)andchurches,whichopenedtheirdoorstodisplacedfamilies.Evenbeforetheearthquakes,Syrianswerestrugglingundertheperhapsworsteconomiccrisissincethecivilwarbrokeoutmorethanadecadeago,markedbyacollapsingcurrency,soaringpricesandfuelshortages.Hospitalswererunninglowonsupplies.TheU.N.saidlastmonththat15millionofSyria’s22millionpeoplewereinneedofhumanitarianaid.【语篇解读】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述了地震袭击了土耳其和叙利亚的大片地区，使得本就遭受战乱之苦的人们雪上加霜。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exodus”meaninparagraph3?A.Emigration. B.Innocence.C.Immigration. D.Commitment.答案A[词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Twopowerfulearthquakes...andagrinding(无休止的)economiccrisis.”可知，因为饱受战争之苦，加上强烈地震及其余震，所有这些灾难使得叙利亚北部地区的人们大量逃离该地区，因而画线词此处指“移居外国”。]6.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutSyria?A.Thelivingcostwasprettylow.B.Itwasprosperousbeforetheearthquakes.C.Theweatherwasfinebeforetheearthquakes.D.Mosquesandchurcheshelpeddisplacedfamilies.答案D[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Warehouseshadbeendamagedandhospitals...whichopenedtheirdoorstodisplacedfamilies.”可知，清真寺和教堂向流离失所的家庭敞开大门。]7.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph1?A.Raisingaproblemforlatersolution.B.Aconclusionofthewholearticle.C.Anintroductiontothemaintopic.D.Thebackgroundinformationofthestory.答案C[写作意图题。根据第一段同时结合后文讲述更多关于叙利亚地震的细节可知，本段的作用为引入文章介绍的话题。]8.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph5?A.Syriaisacursedplace.B.Syriansdon’tlikerainyandsnowydays.C.InternationalgroupsofferedhelptoSyria.D.TheearthquakehasdeepenedsufferingofSyrians.答案D[推理判断题。根据第五段“Thedaysleadinguptotheearthquakesawheavyrain...Thisspellsdisasterforanareathat’salreadysuffered，’shesaid.”可知，本次地震对一个已经遭受灾难的地区来说更是雪上加霜，即地震加重了叙利亚北部人们的苦难。](2023·昆明“三诊一模”质检)Adadsayshe’sbuiltaspecialbondwithhistwo－year－olddaughterafterrunningaseriesoflongdistanceraceswithherstrapped(用带子系)tohisback.ChrisGreenbank,36,astonemason(石匠)fromStockport,GreaterManchester,evenmanagedtocompleteahalfmarathoncarryingtheyoungsterinaspecialhikingcarrier.Thesinglefather,whohassufferedfromanxietyinthepast,hasbeenraisingmoneytomentalhealthsupportgroupProject23.Thegroup,whichhelpspeoplewithanxietyandmentalhealthproblems,wassetupbyChris’sfriendMarkSproston.Chris’slatest,Runnorthwestsfestive10kinCheshire,washisfourthraceandhesays,possiblytheirlast,asthekidmaybetooheavyinspring.Besides,Chrishadbeenalittleworriediftheweatherwouldbetoochillyforhisdaughter.“Nomatterhowdifficultitis,IwanttogetusbothafestiveChristmasmedalbeforeitgetstoocold.”Headded,“Wehavefourmedalsnowandwehaverun51kmintotal.”InOctoberChristookjustunderthreehourstocompletetheManchesterHalfMarathonwithhisdaughteronhisback.Thedadsayshislittlegirlrestedherhandonhisshoulderandkeptitthereforthewholedurationoftherun.Hesaid,“Ourbondisn’tsomethingyoucanevenputintowords.Myheartisfull.”Chris,whosaysexerciseisanimportantpartofpositivementalhealth,believesthereshouldbenoreasonwhypeoplecan’texercisebecausetheyhavekids.ThepairalsorantheWilmslow10kinJulythisyearandChesterZoo10kinOctober.Chrissaysofhisdaughter,“Shelovesit,andtheyarelikeminiadventures.”【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍的是一位曾患有焦虑症的单身父亲克里斯，为帮助精神健康支持组织Project23募集资金，背着女儿一起参加一系列马拉松比赛的事迹，同时他也与女儿建立起一种特殊的感情。9.WhatdoweknowaboutProject23?A.ItwasfoundedbyChrisGreenbank.B.Ithasorganized4marathonevents.C.Ithelpspeoplewithpsychologicalproblems.D.Itoffersmedicalcaretothedisabled.答案C[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thegroup,whichhelpspeople...byChris’sfriendMarkSproston.”可知，这个组织是为了帮助患有焦虑和精神疾病的人创立的。]10.WhydidChrisruntheraceinCheshirewithhisdaughter?A.Toshowthepublichisrunningskills.B.TowinamedalfortheirChristmas.C.Toraisemoneyforhisseriousillness.D.Todevelophishabitofdoingsports.答案B[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘Nomatterhowdifficultitis...wehaverun51kmintotal.’”可知，在Cheshire参加赛跑前他们已经有4枚奖章，他希望在天太冷前得到圣诞奖章。]11.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeChris?A.Caringandloving.B.Frankanddemanding.C.Ambitiousandparticular.D.Generousandoutgoing.答案A[推理判断题。根据第三段的“Thesinglefather,whohas...groupProject23.”和第四段中的“Besides,Chrishadbeenalittleworriedif...beforeitgetstoocold.’”可知，ChrisGreenbank帮助精神健康组织Project23筹款，且担心天太冷冻着女儿，计划在天太冷前不管多难也要得到圣诞奖章，由此可知，克里斯充满了爱与关怀。]12.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthetext?A.Tointroducewaystorelieveanxiety.B.Toshowtrainingmethodsofrunning.C.Toinvolvereadersincharityactivities.D.Toshareastoryofafatherandadaughter.答案D[写作意图题。根据首段以及下文中讲述的克里斯背着女儿参加一系列的长跑比赛情况可知，本文的目的是分享一对父女的故事。]A篇Para.1：seeminglyadv.表面上看来unmannedadj.无人驾驶的versionn.变体，版本alternativefuels代用燃料Para.3：datan.数据B篇Para.2：inthefreezingnightair在寒冷的夜晚的空气中Para.3：economiccrisis经济危机Para.6：overwhelmv.征服，压倒residentn.居民C篇Para.1：buildaspecialbond建立一种特殊的联系Para.5：durationn.持续时间Para.7：adventuren.冒险；奇遇A篇译文：它们提供的天空之眼可以帮助研究人员更好地理解我们所生活的自然世界中发生了什么。专题微课五文章出处/类别题和作者身份/读者对象题文章出处/类别题——内容细节巧判断【典例1】(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A)GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90－100，A;80－89，B;70－79，C;60－69，D;Below60，E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse：Essay1＝10%;Essay2＝15%;Essay3＝15%;Essay4＝20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作业)duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard，ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper.C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.自主解答：C【典例2】(2022·全国乙卷阅读B)InWickenden’sbook，sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism，whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair－raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads，whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughtheRockies，ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(坚忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting...27.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview.C.Achildren’sstory. D.Adiaryentry.自主解答：B【图解技巧】【实战应用】【典例1】根据文章标题GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature以及Essays(60%)下的thegradeforthiscourse和GroupAssignments(30%)下的Allthe...ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem可推知，本文是对一个文学入门课程评分规则的详细介绍。【典例2】根据第一段中的“InWickenden’sbook,sheexpanded...feminism”和“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.”以及第二段的“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.”可推知，本文介绍了Wickenden的一本书。【关键点拨】文章出处或者类别题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和主题来推断文章的出处或类别。考生要对报刊、杂志、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章特点对号入座，选出最佳选项。作者身份/读者对象题——主题措辞找对象【典例3】(2021·全国乙卷阅读D)Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干扰)inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus.”Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout(布局).ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.35.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.He’sanewsreporter.B.He’sanofficemanager.C.He’saprofessionaldesigner.D.He’sapublishedwriter.自主解答：D【图解技巧】【实战应用】通过关键信息：“Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.”可以推测出作者的身份。【关键点拨】推断作者身份或读者对象其实就是解决“谁写的”和“写给谁”的问题。考生可以通过文中出现的人称、作品以及外在评价判断作者身份；确定读者对象要从文章主题和文章措辞来判断。(2023·辽宁名校联盟质检)Manypeopletrytomakesocietychangeforthebetter.Therealchallengeishowtogetgoodsolutionstoscaleup(按比例放大)formajorchange.Newresearchsuggeststhatsocialchangemaydependontherelationshipbetweenbeneficialbehaviorsandpolicies.Theresearch,conductedbytheUniversityofMaine,UniversityofVermontandUniversitéLavalinQuebec,Canada,attemptedtounderstandhowsocietycanaccomplishmajor,transformativesocialchange,particularlythekindofsocialchangenecessarytosolvethegrowingproblemofclimatechange.Theresearchersstudiedabehaviorthatbenefitsgroups,butdoesnotspreadwithoutpolicysupport,suchasacostlymeasuretorelievetheeffectsofclimatechange.Theycreatedamathematicalmodel,whichsimulates(模拟)asocietywhereagentsliveingroupsandadoptthebeneficialbehaviorofpeers.Thatbehavior,giventherightconditions,canspreadlikeavirus,butnotiftheinstitutionalcostsaretoohigh.“Large－scalesocialchangeisnotjustpolicyorbehavior,buttheemergenceofanewself－reinforcing(自我强化)systemthatcombinesboth.Thisallowsustoasknewquestions,suchas‘howwouldanewpatternofbehaviorandpolicyspread？’”saysLaurentHébert－Dufresne,leadauthoronthestudy.Theresultsshowedthatbothbehavioralchangeandpolicychangearerequiredtoachievelarge－scalesocialchange—andthattheyneedtohappentogether.Thoughneitherca