北京市某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期开学测试英语试题 （解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1北京市某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期开学测试英语试题第一部分：听力理解（略）第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。MemoriesbytheLakeThelakesparkledunderthesummersun,aperfectspot____1____weekendgetaways.____2____stayswithusforeveristhefeelingofsharedjoy.Laughterechoed,____3____(draw)attentiontoasinginggroupbytheshore.They____4____(perform)folksongs,entertainingeveryonearound.Nearby,anoldmandisplayed____5____(frame)photos,eachcapturingmomentsfrompastdecades.Touchedbythenostalgia,ateenageraskedhowhe’dpreservedthemsowell.Hepointedtoacabin____6____he’dlived,aplacethatheldstoriesofhisyouth.Thereason____7____hecherishedthephotoswascleartoall.Onepicture,____8____showedasunsetoverthelake,remindedhimof____9____he’dfirstmethiswife.Suchmomentsmakelife’sjourneytruly_____10_____(forget).【答案】1.for2.What3.drawing4.wereperforming5.framed6.where7.why8.which9.when10.unforgettable【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了在湖边的美好回忆，包括夏日阳光下的湖泊美景、人们的欢乐活动以及充满回忆的照片，这些回忆让生活之旅变得难忘。【1题详析】考查介词。句意：在夏日阳光的照耀下，这个湖泊波光粼粼，是周末度假的绝佳之地。“aspotfor...”表示“……的地方”，for表示用途、目的等，符合语境。故填for。【2题详析】考查主语从句。句意：永远留在我们心中的是那种共享欢乐的感觉。分析句子结构可知，“____2____stayswithusforever”为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的东西”，应用what引导，首字母大写。故填What。【3题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：笑声回荡，把人们的注意力吸引到岸边的一群人身上。句中已有谓语动词echoed，此处应用非谓语动词，laughter与draw之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词drawing作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填drawing。【4题详析】考查动词时态。句意：他们正在表演民歌，让周围的每个人都很开心。结合语境，此处描述过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+现在分词”，主语they是复数，所以用wereperforming。故填wereperforming。【5题详析】考查形容词。句意：不远处，一位老人展示了装裱好的照片，每一张都捕捉到了过去几十年的瞬间。此处修饰名词photos，应用形容词framed，意为“装裱好的”。故填framed。【6题详析】考查定语从句。句意：他指着他住过的一间小屋，那是一个承载着他青春故事的地方。此处为定语从句，先行词为acabin，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。【7题详析】考查定语从句。句意：他珍惜这些照片的原因大家都清楚了。此处为定语从句，先行词为thereason，在从句中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导定语从句。故填why。【8题详析】考查定语从句。句意：有一张照片，展示了湖面上的日落，让他想起了他第一次遇见妻子的情景。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为onepicture，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。【9题详析】考查宾语从句。句意：有一张照片，展示了湖面上的日落，让他想起了他第一次遇见妻子的情景。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句作of的宾语，从句中缺少时间状语，表示“……时候”，所以用连接副词when引导宾语从句。故填when。【10题详析】考查形容词。句意：这样的时刻让人生之旅真正令人难忘。此处作宾语补足语，结合语境，这些时刻应是让人难忘的，应用形容词unforgettable，意为“难忘的”。故填unforgettable。第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。HannahTaylorisaschoolgirlfromManitoba,Canada.Oneday,whenshewasfiveyearsold,shewaswalkingwithhermotherindowntownWinnipeg.Theysawaman____11____outofagarbagecan.Sheaskedhermotherwhyhedidthatandhermothersaidthatthemanwashomelessandhungry.Hannahwasvery____12____.Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood.Hannahstartedtothinkabouthowshecould____13____,but,ofcourse,thereisnotalotonefive-year-oldcandotosolve(解决)theproblemofhomelessness.Later,whenHannahattendedschool,shesawanotherhomelessperson.Itwasawoman,___14___anoldshoppingtrolley（购物车）whichwaspiledwith___15___.Itseemedthateverythingthewomanownedwasinthem.ThismadeHannahverysad,andevenmore___16___todosomething.Shehadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofhomelesspeople___17___theyfirstsawthehomelessman.Hermothertoldherthatifshedidsomethingtochangetheproblemthatmadehersad,shewouldn’t___18___asbad.HannahbegantospeakoutaboutthehomelessnessinManitobaandtheninotherprovinces.Shehopedto___19___hermessageofhopeandawareness.ShestartedtheLadybugFoundation,anorganizationaimingatgettingridofhomelessness.Shebeganto_____20_____“BigBosses”lunches,whereshewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleadersto____21____tothecause.Shealsoorganizedafundraising(募捐)drivein“LadybugJars”tocollecteveryone`ssparechangeduring“MakeChange”month.Morerecently,thefoundationbegananother____22____calledNationalRedScarfDay—adaywhenpeopledonate$20andwearredscarvesinsupportofCanada`s____23____andhomeless.ThereisanemergencyshelterinWinnipegcalled“Hannah`sPlace”,somethingthatHannahisvery____24____of.Hannah`sPlaceisdividedintoseveralareas,providingshelterforpeoplewhenitissocoldthat____25____outdoorscanmeandeath.InthemorethanfiveyearssinceHannahbeganheractivities,shehasreceivedalotof____26____.Forexample,shereceivedthe2007BRICKAwardrecognizingthe____27____ofyoungpeopletochangetheworld.But____28____allthis,Hannahstillhasthe____29____lifeofaWinnipegschoolgirl,exceptthatshepaysregularvisitstohomelesspeople.Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakinga____30____intheworld.Youcan,too!11.A.jumping B.eating C.crying D.waving12.A.annoyed B.nervous C.ashamed D.upset13.A.behave B.manage C.help D.work14.A.pushing B.carrying C.buying D.holding15.A.goods B.bottles C.foods D.bags16.A.excited B.determined C.energetic D.grateful17.A.since B.unless C.although D.as18.A.sound B.get C.feel D.look19.A.exchange B.leave C.keep D.spread20.A.sell B.deliver C.host D.pack21.A.contribute B.lead C.apply D.agree22.A.campaign B.trip C.procedure D.trial23.A.elderly B.hungry C.lonely D.sick24.A.aware B.afraid C.proud D.sure25.A.going B.sleeping C.traveling D.playing26.A.praises B.invitations C.replies D.appointments27.A.needs B.interests C.dreams D.efforts28.A.for B.through C.besides D.along29.A.healthy B.public C.normal D.tough30.A.choice B.profit C.judgment D.difference【答案】11.B12.D13.C14.A15.D16.B17.A18.C19.D20.C21.A22.A23.B24.C25.B26.A27.D28.B29.C30.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述HannahTaylor通过自己的努力来建立公益组织筹集资金帮助那些无家可归忍饥挨饿的人。【11题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们看见一个人在吃垃圾桶里的东西。A.jumping跳；B.eating吃；C.crying哭；D.waving挥手。他们看见一个人从垃圾桶里捡东西吃，根据后文的hungry可知答案为B。【12题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Hannah非常难过。A.annoyed生气的；B.nervous紧张的；C.ashamed羞耻的；D.upset难过的。Hannah看到那一情景，肯定很难过，选D。【13题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hannah开始思考她如何帮助。A.behave表现，行为举止；B.manage成功做；C.help帮助；D.work工作。Hannah开始思考她如何能帮到他们，根据句意选C。【14题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是一个女人，推着一辆堆满了购物袋的旧购物车。A.pushing推；B.carrying拿；C.buying买；D.holding握。购物车肯定是推着的，根据逻辑常识可推出，故选A。【15题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是一个女人，推着一辆堆满了购物袋的旧购物车。A.goods货物；B.bottles瓶子；C.foods食物；D.bags包。因为是流浪者，所以随身的东西肯定都是用包装好的，故车上堆满了包，里面装满了东西，选D。【16题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让Hannah非常难过，她甚至下定决心要做点什么。A.excited激动的；B.determined下决心的，坚定的；C.energetic精力充沛的；D.grateful感激的。Hannah很难过，所以她更加下定决心一定要把这件事做好，故选B。【17题详析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：自从她母亲第一次见到那个无家可归的人，她就一直在和她谈论无家可归者的生活。A.since自从；B.unless除非；C.although尽管；D.as因为。故选A。【18题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她妈妈告诉她只要她付出努力去改变那些让她难过的事情，就不会和以前一样感觉那么糟糕了。A.sound听；B.get获得；C.feel感觉；Look看。此处指的是感觉上很糟糕，故选C。【19题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她希望她那带着希望和意识的信息能够传播开来。A.exchange交换；B.leave离开；C.keep保持；D.spread传播。公开谈论的目的是传播这些希望和意识。故选D。【20题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始主办大老板午餐会，说服那些商业领导们为她的慈善事业做出一些奉献A.sell卖；B.deliver传送；投递；C.host主办宴会；D.pack打包。此处考查host的特殊用法，主办宴会的意思，符合语境，选C。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她试图劝说那些商业领导们能为她的慈善事业做出些奉献。A.contribute贡献，捐献；B.lead领导；C.apply申请，应用；D.agree同意。根据句意可知选A。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近，该基金会开始了另一项名为“国家红领巾日”的活动。A.campaign运动；B.trip旅行；C.procedure过程；D.trial实验。基金会又举办了一项运动，来筹集资金，根据句意和逻辑推理可知选A。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们在这一天捐出20美元，并戴上红领巾，以支持加拿大的饥民和无家可归者。A.elderly年纪大的；B.hungry饥饿的；C.lonely孤独的；D.sick生病的。此处是指为那些饥饿的人和无家可归的人，前文中第一次出现的就是从垃圾桶里找东西吃的人让Hannah很难过，所以她的帮助对象肯定包含饥饿的人，选B。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Hanna对此非常自豪。A.aware意识的；B.afraid害怕的；C.proud骄傲的；D.sure肯定的。前面提到为那些无家可归的人见建了一个名为Hannah`sPlace的地方，以她的名字命名的，所以Hannah肯定非常骄傲，自豪，故选C。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当天冷到在室外睡觉就意味着死的时候，这个避难所就会给那些无家可归的人。A.going去；B.sleeping睡；C.traveling旅行；D.playing玩。故选B。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在Hannah开始参加活动的五年多时间里，她得到了很多表扬。A.praises赞美；B.invitations邀请；C.replies回复；D.appointments约会。她收到了很多的赞美。因为下文有这方面的举例，给她颁奖，故答案为A。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，她获得了2007年的BRICK奖，表彰年轻人为改变世界所做的努力。A.needs需要；B.interests兴趣；C.dreams梦想；D.efforts努力。此处是指这个奖项是为了认可年轻人改变这个世界所作出的努力，根据句意可知选D。【28题详析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：但经历了这一切，Hannah仍然过着温尼伯女学生的正常生活，只是她定期去看望无家可归的人。A.for为了；B.through通过；C.besides此外；D.along沿着。但是经过所有这些之后，Hannah依然过着Winnipeg学校一名女生的普通的生活，根据句意可知选B。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经历了这一切，Hannah仍然过着温尼伯女学生的正常生活，只是她定期去看望无家可归的人。A.healthy健康的；B.public公共的；C.normal正常的，普通的；D.tough艰难的。Hannah依然过着Winnipeg学校一名女生的普通的生活，根据句意可知答案为C。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Hannah是众多改变世界的年轻人中的一个。A.choice选择；B.profit利润；C.judgment判断；D.difference不同。此处为固定短语：makeadifference起作用，有影响，选D。第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballteamwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm.Eighth-graderTaylorBisbeeshivered(发抖)alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn’tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground.“Pairs’seyesrolledback,”Taylorsays.“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.”Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirst,noonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR?”CPRisalife-savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson’schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygen，thebrainisdamagedquickly.Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn’tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,”saysTaylor.Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris’sheartbeatreturned.“IknowIwasreallylucky,”Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon’tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.”ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow,”Taylorsays.“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.”31.WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A.Shecaughtabadcold.B.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice.32.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.B.Sherecoveredfromshock.C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.33.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A.Enthusiasticandkind.B.Courageousandcalm.C.Cooperativeandgenerous.D.Ambitiousandprofessional.【答案】31.B32.C33.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了垒球队一名女孩Paris在打球的过程中突发心力衰竭，队友Taylor紧急对Paris进行了心肺复苏，送往医院后她恢复了心跳的故事，旨在说明面临心力衰竭时，保持冷静并进行紧急心肺复苏的重要性。【31题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一行，“Itcertainlywas。Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure。”可知，Paris突发心脏病，故B项正确。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段第二行“TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR”以及第六段整段中队友的协助，得到了及时CPR救助的Paris“heartbeatreturned”，所以Paris说自己非常的幸运。倒数第二段，“ExpertssayParisisright。Forasuddenfailure，thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly”，专家的话也印证了Paris获得了及时的救助，故C项正确。【33题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段第二行“Butwhennooneelsecameforward，TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR。”说明Taylor非常的勇敢，在没有人出来帮忙以及自己对自己不那么自信的情况下，她还是跑去救助了Paris。由第五段第三行Taylor的话“Itwasscary。Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath。”以及第六段首句“Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown。”可知，Taylor是一个勇敢并且冷静的女孩，面对这种情况，她没有慌乱，用自己学习到的急救知识迅速行动并用自己的举动感染了队友，使她们镇静下来帮忙救助，故B项正确。BInspiringyoungminds!TOKNOWMagazineisabighitintheworldofchildren’spublishing,bringingauniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth.WhatissospecialaboutTOKNOWmagazine?Well,ithasnoadsorpromotionsinside—insteaditisjam-packedwithseriousideas.TOKNOWmakescomplexideasattractiveandaccessibletochildren,whocanbecomeinvolvedinadvancedconceptsandevenphilosophy(哲学)—andtheywillsoondiscoverthatTOKNOWfeelsmorelikeaclubthanjustamagazine.What’sinside?Everymonththemagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles,experimentsandcreativethingstomake—themagazinealsoexploresphilosophyandwell-beingtomakesureyoungreadershaveabalancedtakeonlife.Soundstoogoodtobetrue?Takealookonline—evidenceshowsthatthousandsofteachersandparentsknowagoodthingwhentheyseeitandrecommendTOKNOWtotheirfriends.HappyBirthdayAllYear!Whatcouldbemorefunthanagiftthatkeepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth?Thefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmessagewillarriveintimeforthespecialday.SUBSCRIBENOW□Annual(每年的)SubscriptionEurope£55RestofWorld£65□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap,apassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscriptionEurope£60RestofWorld£70RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback.34.WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine?A.Itentertainsyoungparents. B.Itprovidesseriousadvertisements.C.Itpublishespopularsciencefictions. D.Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.35.WhatdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders?A.Onlinecourses. B.Articlesonnewtopics.C.Lecturesonabalancedlife. D.Reportsonscientificdiscoveries.36.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12-monthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina?A.£55. B.£60. C.£65. D.£70.37.SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget______.A.freebirthdaypresents B.fullrefundwithin28daysC.membershipoftheTOKNOWclub D.chancestomeettheexpertsinperson【答案】34.D35.B36.D37.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章以广告的形式介绍了TOKNOW杂志的有关信息。【34题详析】细节理解题。根据表格第一行中的“WhatissospecialaboutTOKNOWmagazine?(TOKNOW杂志有什么特别之处？)”和“Well,ithasnoadsorpromotionsinside—insteaditisjam-packedwithseriousideas.TOKNOWmakescomplexideasattractiveandaccessibletochildren,whocanbecomeinvolvedinadvancedconceptsandevenphilosophy(哲学)—andtheywillsoondiscoverthatTOKNOWfeelsmorelikeaclubthanjustamagazine.(好吧，里面没有广告或促销活动——相反，里面塞满了严肃的想法。TOKNOW使复杂的想法对孩子们有吸引力和容易明白，他们可以参与到先进的概念甚至哲学中来——他们很快就会发现，TOKNOW感觉更像是一个俱乐部，而不仅仅是一本杂志)”可知，TOKNOW杂志的特别之处在于杂志内部充满了严肃的想法，让复杂的想法对孩子们有吸引力和容易明白，也就是说该杂志将乐趣和复杂的概念相结合。故选D。【35题详析】细节理解题。根据表格第二行中的“Everymonththemagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles,experimentsandcreativethingstomake—themagazinealsoexploresphilosophyandwell-beingtomakesureyoungreadershaveabalancedtakeonlife.(每个月，该杂志都会推出一个新的主题，包括文章、实验和可以做的有创造力的东西——该杂志还探讨哲学和幸福感，以确保年轻读者对生活有一个平衡的看法)”可知，该杂志为读者提供了关于新主题的文章、实验和要做的创意东西。故选B。【36题详析】细节理解题。根据“AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPack(年度订阅礼包)”下面的“Europe£60RestofWorld£70(欧洲60英镑世界其他地区70英镑)”可知，从亚洲订购年度订阅礼包需要花费70英镑。故选D。【37题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback.(退款政策——订阅可以在28天内取消，您可以拿回您的钱)”可知，订阅杂志后可以在28天内取消，获得全额退款。故选B。CMeasles(麻疹),whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine(疫苗).Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalled“herdimmunity”,whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan’tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn’twork.Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.That’sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N.Y.,wherea17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(决定不参加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten.Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption（豁免),sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine.Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey’llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.38.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat____________.A.asmallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrendB.theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattentionC.anti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasonsD.informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly39.Herdimmunityworkswellwhen____________.A.exemptionsareallowedB.severalvaccinesareusedtogetherC.thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedinD.newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws40.Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles?A.Theoveruseofvaccine.B.Thelackofmedicalcare.C.Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.D.Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople.41.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducetheideaofexemption.B.Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.C.Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.D.Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.【答案】38.A39.C40.D41.C【语篇解读】本文是说明文。主要介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，并解释了为什么会发生这样的情况。【38题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.麻疹患者的数量虽然小，但是他们却是一种危险趋势的前沿，故选A。【39题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.可知只有群体中所有人都参与进来了群体免疫才会有用，故选C。【40题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.可知，那些反对注射疫苗的运动和迅速传播的错误信息导致了麻疹疾病的复发，故选D。【41题详析】推理判断题。本文主要介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选C。DHollywood’stheorythatmachineswithevil(邪恶)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制论）,putitthisway:“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干预),wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.”However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced(中子诱导)nuclearchainreaction.42.Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay.A.runoutofhumancontrolB.satisfyhuman’srealdesiresC.commandarmiesofkillerrobotsD.workfasterthanamathematician43.Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto.A.preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedB.achievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyC.doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersD.beathumansininternationalchessmatches44.Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto.A.helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterB.besecureagainstevilhumanbeingsC.keepmachinesfrombeingharmedD.avoidrobots’affectingtheworld45.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?A.ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.B.Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.C.Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.D.Itwillstayforadecade.【答案】42.A43.A44.D45.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了人工智能，随着科技的发展，机器人可能会超出人类的控制，所以短文对人与机器人之间的关系进行了探讨。【42题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.可知人工智能可能会出现的真正问题是AI会非常擅长取得某个成就而不是我们真正想要的东西，也就是说AI可能会超出人的控制去做一些事情，故选A。【43题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.可知，一台具有特定用途的机器还有另外一个特性，这个特性我们通常与生物联系在一起:一种希望保持自身存在的愿望，也就是说，它具有有生命的物体的一种品质是因为它要保护自己不被破坏，继续存在下去，故选A。【44题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.可知可以用防火墙来回答那些困难的问题但是却永远不要让他们影响这个真正的现实世界，故选D。【45题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.可知作者认为解决人工智能机器的安全问题是可能的，但是并不容易，也就是很困难，故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.___46___Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.___47___Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加强)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神经元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.___48___Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.___49___Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.IfTononi’stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight’s,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.___50___“Youkeepwhatmatters,”Tononisays.A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It’sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.That’swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,”saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi’steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.【答案】46.C47.E48.F49.G50.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了人和动物为什么需要睡眠的一些理论以及睡眠的重要性。【46题详析】根据前一句Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.当实验室的老鼠不允许睡觉时，一个月他们就死了，因此推断C项“同样，人几天不睡觉，也会生病”，人和动物对应起来，死和生病形成对应，故选C。【47题详析】前一句提到的睡觉有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆，因此推断学生在学习新知识后如果有机会睡一觉，他们在考试中就会表现得更好，前后逻辑关系很顺畅，因果联系，故选E。【48题详析】该空为段尾句，是对该段前面内容的总结，同时，结合第四段第一句话中的代词he可以知道，该空中必然包含一个人名，否则he就失去了所指对象，选项中包含人名的选项有F和G，但只有F选项能与第三段的内容衔接．也就是说，睡眠会帮助清除一部分记忆，为新记忆腾出空间，按照研究人员Tononi的话说，"睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价"。故选F。【49题详析】根据下文中提到的关键词synapsesinthemice以及整个句子可知，他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验，G项有关键词synapses,mice，都与他的实验有关，故选G。【50题详析】该空为尾段的倒数第二句话，应该与其前后的句子意义连贯．该空前面一句里出现了protect、stay，而该空后面一句出现了keep、matter，正好与选项B里的preserve和important呼应．也就是说，重要的记忆会被保留下来。前后逻辑关系顺畅，故选B。第四部分：词汇知识（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）根据短文内容选出适当的词汇并用其适当形式填空，每个单词只能使用一遍。judge,likely,recognise,strike,ignore,crowd,propose,pollute,time,survive,massACallforGreenerCitiesUrbanareaswhichare____51____oftenstrugglewithenvironmentalissuesthatthreatendailylife.The____52____oflocalplantsandanimalsdependsheavilyonreducingharmfulhumanimpacts.Public____53____oftheseproblemshasgrown,pushingcommunitiestoact.Experts’____54____emphasizesthatsmallchangescanbringbigresults.A_