2017年黑龙江大学英语翻译基础真题试卷

2017年黑龙江大学英语翻译基础真题试卷一、词语翻译1.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________2.taxbreak

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（正确答案：减税优惠）3.makeanoiseinaworld

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（正确答案：轰动世界）4.hardtranslation

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（正确答案：硬译，辛苦翻译）5.jumpatachance

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（正确答案：抓住机会）6.apoorapology

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（正确答案：有名无实）7.reallysomething

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（正确答案：真了不起）8.wildliferefuge

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（正确答案：野生动物保护区）9.organicpollutants

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（正确答案：有机污染物）10.flashmemory

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（正确答案：闪存）11.mannedspaceprogram

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（正确答案：载人航天工程）12.legalsanctions

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（正确答案：法律制裁）13.getoffonthewrongfoot

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（正确答案：出师不利）14.culturaldiffusion

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（正确答案：文化传播）15.multipleratesofexchange

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（正确答案：多种汇率）16.promotenuclearnon-proliferation

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（正确答案：促进核不扩散）17.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________18.民政部

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（正确答案：MinistryofCivilAffairs）19.行政问责制度

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（正确答案：administrativesystemofaccountability）20.（上海）外滩

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（正确答案：ShanghaiBund）21.启发式教学

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（正确答案：heuristiceducation）22.周恩来故居

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（正确答案：HomeofZhouEnlai）23.粽子

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（正确答案：traditionalChineserice-pudding;ricedumpling）24.春秋战国时期

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（正确答案：SpringandAutumnandWarringStatesPeriod）25.布达拉宫

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（正确答案：ThePotalaPalace（inLhasa,Tibet））26.辛亥革命

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（正确答案：theRevolutionof1911）27.扶贫

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（正确答案：supportingthepoor）28.永不称霸

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（正确答案：neverseekhegemony）29.剽窃

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（正确答案：plagiarize）30.来样加工

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（正确答案：processingwithgivenmaterials）31.温哥华

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（正确答案：Vancouver）32.德智体美劳全面发展

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（正确答案：all-rounddevelopment）二、英汉互译33.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________34.Howmanfirstlearnttoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowisthatmansomehowinventedcertainsoundstoexpressthoughtsandfeelings,actionsandthings,sothattheycouldcommunicatewitheachotherandthatlatertheyagreeduponcertainsigns,calledletterswhichwouldbecombinedtorepresentthosesounds,andwhichcouldbewrittendown.Thosesounds,whetherspokenorwritteninletters,wecallwords.Thepowerofwords,then,liesintheirassociation—thingstheybringupbeforeourminds.Wordsbecomefilledwithmeaningforusbyexperience;andthelongerwelive,themorecertainwordsrecalltousthegladandsadeventsofourpast;andthemorewereadandlearn,themorethenumberofwordsthatmeansomethingtousincreases.Doyouthinkaboutthereasonwhyyoudon'tbecomeaboss?Thereasonisthatyourbosshasabiggervocabularythanyoudo.Maybeyoucan'tbelieveit.Thisdiscoveryhasbeenmadeinthelaboratoriesoftheworld.NotbytheoreticalEnglishprofessors,butbypractical,hard-headedscholarswhohavebeensearchingforthesecretsofsuccess.Afterahostofexperimentsandyearsoftestingtheyhavefoundout:Ifyourvocabularyislimited,yourchancesofsuccessarelimited.Dr.JohnsonO'ConnoroftheHumanEngineeringLaboratoryofBostonandoftheStevesInstituteofTechnologyinHoboken,NewJersey,gaveavocabularytestto100youngmenwhowerestudyingtobeindustrialexecutives.Fiveyearslaterthosewhohadpassedintheuppertenpercentofall,withoutexception,hadexecutivepositions,whilenotasinglemanofthelowertwentyfivepercenthadbecomeanexecutive.Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoexpressthesethoughtsinwordswhichappealpowerfultoourmindsandemotions.Therealpoetisamasterofwords.Hecanconveyhismeaninginwords,whichsinglikemusic,andwhichbytheirpositionandassociationcanmovementotears.Weshouldthereforelearntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccurately,ortheywillmakeourspeechsillyandvulgar.

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（正确答案：人类最初是如何学着去创造单词的，我们不得而知；换言之，语言的起源是个谜。我们所真正知道的是，人类以某种方式发明了某些声音来表达思想、感觉、行为和某些事情，因此，他们可以互相交流，慢慢地，他们默认了某些符号并把它们称之为字母，并且这些字母不仅可以代表那些声音，而且还可以写下来。那些声音，无论是人们发出来的，还是用字母写下来的，我们都把它们叫作单词。然后，单词的力量在于它们的联系性——它们使我们在脑海中想起一些事情。我们经历过以后，单词对于我们变得有意义；我们活的越久，就会有更多的特定单词让我们想起悲欢往事；我们读书和学到的单词越多，就会有更大数量的对我们有意义的单词。你有没有想过你为什么没有成为老板?7．理由就是你老板的单词量要比你更丰富。你可能不相信。这一发现是在全世界的实验室中得到的。它不是由英语教授推想出来的，而是由那些善于实践的、理智的学者通过探寻成功的奥秘而得出来的。经过大量的实验和多年的测试，他们发现：如果你单词量有限，那么你成功的概率就也是有限的。来自波士顿人类工程实验室和新泽西霍博肯史蒂夫科技学院的约翰奥康纳博士对100名学习工业管理的年轻人进行单词量测试。五年后，那些测试成绩在所有人中排名前10％的人，毫无意外的都走上了总经理的岗位，相比之下，排名在后25％的人中没有一个成为总经理。那些伟大的作家不仅仅拥有伟大的思想，而且他们还能用一些震撼心灵的词汇来表情达意。真正的诗人都是语言的大师。他可以用语言传达他的意思，他的语言唱起来像动听的音乐，让人们联想到自己而感动落泪。因此，我们应当学习仔细选择我们的语言，并准确地运用，要不然不恰当的语言会使我们的演讲听起来又蠢又俗。）35.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________36.中国和土库曼斯坦分别是世界重要能源消费国和重要能源生产国。中方愿同土方继续本着平等互利、合作共赢的原则，扩大现有管道建设和天然气贸易，启动勘探、开采、油气化工等全方位合作，做长期、稳定、可靠的能源战略伙伴。两国成功实施了天然气贸易、中国一中亚天然气管道建设等重大合作项目。目前，中国一中亚天然气管道已经同中国境内的西气东输二线相连接，成为当今世界最长的天然气管道。产自中亚腹地土库曼斯坦的天然气跨越千山万水，行程8000多公里直抵太平洋沿岸，这是世界能源合作的典范和中土人民友谊的结晶。

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（正确答案：ChinaandTurkmenistanaretheworld'smajorenergyconsumingcountriesandmajorenergyproducers.ChinaiswillingtoworkwithTurkmenistanundertheprincipleofequalityandmutual