河南省郑州市某学校2025-2026学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省郑州市某学校2025-2026学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABestPlacestoVisitinWinterRovaniemi,FinlandIfyouloveiceandsnow,thenyou’llloveexploringRovaniemi.Why?Simplybecauseit’soneofthetopwinterdestinationsinEurope.SittinginnorthernFinland,RovaniemiisthegatewaytoFinland’sfamousLapland—thehomeofSantaClaus,RovaniemiistheperfectplacetowatchtheimpressiveNorthernlights,goonahuskyride,orevenvisitanicehotel.St.Kitts&Nevis,CaribbeanIfyou’relookingtoescapetherain,snow,andgreyskies,thenSt.KittsandNevisisoneofthetopplacestogointhewinter.Thisdual-islandnationsitsbetweentheAtlanticOceanandtheCaribbeanSea.Ithasperfectweatherallyearround,withtemperaturesof25℃inwinter.Apartfromlyingonthebeaches,youcanalsoenjoytheCarnivalaroundChristmas,sailingandsnorkellingtours,andhistoricaltoursoftheislands.CapeTown,SouthAfricaCapeTownisoneofSouthAfrica’smostpicturesquedestinations,withloadsofexcitingthingstodo.Fromvisitingthe7thWonderofNature,TableMountain,tosurfingthewavesofthecity’samazingbeaches,there’ssomethingforeveryone.CapeTownisonlyashortdriveawayfromtheiconic(标志性的)CapeWinelands,whereyoucanenjoyvineyardandwinerytourswithwinetastingandfoodpairings.Lanzarote,SpainWithinterestingrockformations,volcanoes,andamazingbluewaters,LanzaroteisatopchoiceformanytravellersrunningawayfromcoldEuropeanwinters.LanzaroteisthemosteasternoftheCanaryIslands.Expecttofindblackandredearth,whiteandgoldensandbeachesandrollingmountains.Theaverageweatherstaysaroundthe20℃mark,soyoucanworkonyourtanwithoutworryingtoomuchaboutsunburn.1.WhatcanyoudoinRovaniemi?A.WatchtheNorthernlights. B.CelebratetheCarnival.C.Tastedifferentwines. D.Enjoyawarmwinter.2.WhichcountryistheplacewithTableMountainlocatedin?A.Finland. B.Caribbean. C.SouthAfrica. D.Spain.3.Wherewillyougoifyouwanttoseeblackandredearth?A.Rovaniemi. B.St.Kitts&.Nevis. C.CapeTown. D.Lanzarote.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章推荐了几处适合冬天旅行的地方。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“SittinginnorthernFinland,RovaniemiisthegatewaytoFinland’sfamousLapland—thehomeofSantaClaus,RovaniemiistheperfectplacetowatchtheimpressiveNorthernlights,goonahuskyride,orevenvisitanicehotel.(罗瓦涅米位于芬兰北部，是通往芬兰著名的拉普兰的门户，拉普兰是圣诞老人的故乡，罗瓦涅米是观看令人印象深刻的北极光，乘坐哈士奇，甚至参观冰酒店的理想场所。)”可知，在罗瓦涅米可以观看北极光。故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段CapeTown,SouthAfrica部分第二句“Fromvisitingthe7thWonderofNature,TableMountain,tosurfingthewavesofthecity’samazingbeaches,there’ssomethingforeveryone.(从参观第七大自然奇观桌山，到在城市迷人的海滩冲浪，每个人都有适合自己的东西。)”可知，桌山所在的地方是南非。故选C。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“LanzaroteisthemosteasternoftheCanaryIslands.Expecttofindblackandredearth,whiteandgoldensandbeachesandrollingmountains.(兰萨罗特岛位于加那利群岛的最东端。你会发现黑色和红色的土地，白色和金色的沙滩和起伏的山脉。)”可知，如果想看到黑土和红土可以去兰萨罗特岛。故选D。BA19-year-oldindependentartist,OmarBanos,ismaking’wavesasCuco,aself-producedmulti-instrumentalistandsinger.OmarBanos’approachtomusicissimple.Hejustwantstomakethemusichewouldlistentohimself.Mostofthetime,thatideashowsinhisfasthip-hopbeatsandjazzyelectricguitarsolos.Banos,whohasreleasedtwoself-producedalbums,hasbeenaspiringtomusic.Healwayswantedtoplaytheguitar,andpickeditupinhighschoolbeforeexpandinghistalenttothetrumpetandFrenchhorn.“I’mverycommittedtomyinstruments,”Banossaid.“Ifaninstrumentisrightinfrontofme,andnobodyhastimetoteachme,Ijustteachmyself.”Thesameistrueforhisdreamyproduction.At16,Banosgothishandsinhisfirstmusic-editingsoftware,andhehasdevelopedarangeoftechniques.BanosswitchesbetweenEnglishandSpanish,singingwithhispleasantandwarmlilt.“WhenI’mwriting,Ijustputmyselfinaplace,inacertaintimeperiodinmylife,”hesaid,“songsjustcomeoutverynaturally.”ThoughBanos’softsoundmightencouragedaydreaming,theindependentartistiskeepinghisfeetfirmlyonthegroundduringhisbreakthrough.“IfeelI’mwatchingmyselftakeoff,butmybrainisstillontheground,”hesaid.“Thisallhappenedsoquickly.Ididn’tevenhavetimetogetready!”Banosaddsthatdespitehissuccess,heisn’talwaysrecognizedasCuco.“IwillwearVans,andsometimespeoplewillgetconfused.TheywillaskwhetherI’msureI’mtheretoperform.IguessIdon’tlooklikeanartist,”hesaid.4.WhydidBanosmakemusicinthebeginning?A.Toentertainhimself. B.Tokillhisdulltime.C.Tomakehimselfwell-known. D.Toimprovehisskillinmusic.5.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Banos’highschoollife. B.Banos’learningmethods.C.Banos’achievementsinmusic. D.Banos’greatinterestinmusic.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBanos?A.Honestandcareful. B.Efficientandfaithful.C.Creativeandlow-key. D.Devotedandwarm-hearted.7.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.Banoshasmadehimselftakeoff B.BanoswillcontinuedaydreamingC.Ageniuslearnedmusicinhighschool D.Afamoussingerkeepspursuinghisdream【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了19岁的独立艺术家OmarBanos以自己制作的多乐器演奏家和歌手Cuco的身份掀起了一阵浪潮，还介绍了他在音乐方面的兴趣以及虽然Banos在音乐上取得了成功，但他依然脚踏实地，追逐自己的梦想。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“A19-year-oldindependentartist,OmarBanos,ismaking’wavesasCuco,aself-producedmulti-instrumentalistandsinger.OmarBanos’approachtomusicissimple.Hejustwantstomakethemusichewouldlistentohimself.(19岁的独立艺术家OmarBanos以自己制作的多乐器演奏家和歌手Cuco的身份掀起了一阵浪潮。OmarBanos的音乐方法很简单。他只想做自己能听的音乐)”可推知，Banos创作音乐的初衷是为了制作他自己喜欢听的音乐，即为了自娱自乐。故选A。【5题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Banos,whohasreleasedtwoself-producedalbums,hasbeenaspiringtomusic.Healwayswantedtoplaytheguitar,andpickeditupinhighschoolbeforeexpandinghistalenttothetrumpetandFrenchhorn.“I’mverycommittedtomyinstruments,”Banossaid.“Ifaninstrumentisrightinfrontofme,andnobodyhastimetoteachme,Ijustteachmyself.”Thesameistrueforhisdreamyproduction.At16,Banosgothishandsinhisfirstmusic-editingsoftware,andhehasdevelopedarangeoftechniques.(Banos已经发行了两张自己制作的专辑，对音乐充满了热情。他一直想弹吉他，高中时开始学吉他，后来才开始学小号和法国圆号。Banos说：“我对我的乐器非常忠诚，如果乐器就在我面前，没人有时间教我，我就自学。”他的梦幻作品也是如此。16岁时，Banos得到了他的第一个音乐编辑软件，并开发了一系列技术)”可知，第二段讲述的是Banos在音乐方面有极大的兴趣。故选D。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“A19-year-oldindependentartist,OmarBanos,ismaking’wavesasCuco,aself-producedmulti-instrumentalistandsinger.OmarBanos’approachtomusicissimple.Hejustwantstomakethemusichewouldlistentohimself.(19岁的独立艺术家OmarBanos以自己制作的多乐器演奏家和歌手Cuco的身份掀起了一阵浪潮。OmarBanos的音乐方法很简单。他只想做自己能听的音乐)”以及第二段中“Ifaninstrumentisrightinfrontofme,andnobodyhastimetoteachme,Ijustteachmyself.(如果乐器就在我面前，没人有时间教我，我就自学)”可知Banos自学乐器和创作歌曲，说明他是个有创造力的人。再结合倒数第二段中“ThoughBanos’softsoundmightencouragedaydreaming,theindependentartistiskeepinghisfeetfirmlyonthegroundduringhisbreakthrough.(尽管Banos柔和的声音可能会让人产生遐想，但这位独立艺术家在取得突破的过程中始终脚踏实地)”可知，Banos在成名以后依然脚踏实地，可见他还是个低调的人。故选C。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A19-year-oldindependentartist,OmarBanos,ismaking’wavesasCuco,aself-producedmulti-instrumentalistandsinger.(19岁的独立艺术家OmarBanos以自己制作的多乐器演奏家和歌手Cuco的身份掀起了一阵浪潮)”结合文章还介绍了他在音乐方面的兴趣以及虽然Banos在音乐上取得了成功，但他依然脚踏实地，追逐自己的梦想。故D选项“一位著名的歌手一直在追求他的梦想”最符合文章标题。故选D。COneofthetopsourcesofaddedsugarinchildren’sdietsinAmericaisintheirbreakfastcereal(麦片).AstudypublishedintheAmericanJournalofPreventiveMedicineshowsthatadvertisingdrivessalesofhigh-sugarcerealswhenit’saimeddirectlyatkidsunder12-butnotwhenittargetsadults.Inthestudy,researcherslookedatallcerealspurchasedby77,000U.S.householdsoveranine-yearperiod,between2008and2017.TheyalsolookedatNielsenratingsdata,whichcloselymonitoredalltheadsthatpeopleinahouseholdsaw-bothchildrenandadults.Whattheyfoundwasastrongrelationshipbetweenhowmuchadvertisingwastargetedtokidsandhowmuchsugarycerealthathouseholdswithchildrenbought.Bycontrast,therewasnolinktoincreasedpurchaseswhenadstargetedadults.Andtheseextensivedataalsoshowedthatbehaviorsthatwerelearnedinchildhoodcouldtrackintoadulthood,whichcouldleadtopoorhealthoutcomesoveralifetime.Thestudyisthefirsttodirectlycomparetheinfluenceoffoodadvertisingexposurebychildrenwiththatofadults.Thefindingsoffernovelevidenceofhowfoodmarketingturnschildrenintothe“ultimateweapon”ininfluencingfamilyspendingbecausetheyconsistentlyasktheirparentstopurchaseaconceptknownas“pesterpower”.ThefoodindustrylaunchedtheChildren’sFoodandBeverageAdvertisingInitiative,avoluntaryefforttopoliceitself.The21participatingfoodcompaniesmadeacommitmenttocutbackonmarketingunhealthyfoodstochildrenunder12—laterrevisedtounder13.Anewstudyconductedin2024showedthatchildren’sexposuretocerealadsonTVprogrammingaimedatkidshasdroppeddramatically.ButLindseySmithTaillie,afoodpolicyresearcherattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,saysthesevoluntaryeffortsaren’tmakingadifference.Advertisements,likekids’eyeballs,aremovingonline,makingitevenhardertoknowwhatmarketingchildrenarebeingexposedto,Taillienotes.8.Whatdidthestudyfindaboutchild-targetedfoodads?A.Theyhadnoconnectionwithadults’purchases.B.Theywerelesseffectivethanadult-targetedads.C.Theymightaffectchildren’shealthinthelongrun.D.Theycouldreducechildren’sinterestinsugaryfood.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“pesterpower”inparagraph3mean?A.Parents’unconditionallove. B.Children’suncontrolledspending.C.Parents’growingconsumption. D.Children’srepeatedpurchaserequests.10.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Anexpectationforfurtherstudy. B.Thefollow-upinfluenceofthestudy.C.Alimitationoftheresearchmethod. D.Thepotentialapplicationofthefindings.11.WhatisTallie’sattitudetowardthevoluntaryefforts?A.Favorable. B.Tolerant. C.Disapproving. D.Reserved.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了针对儿童的高糖麦片广告对家庭购买行为的影响及其长期健康危害，并讨论了相关政策效果与局限性。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Whattheyfoundwasastrongrelationshipbetweenhowmuchadvertisingwastargetedtokidsandhowmuchsugarycerealthathouseholdswithchildrenbought.Bycontrast,therewasnolinktoincreasedpurchaseswhenadstargetedadults.Andtheseextensivedataalsoshowedthatbehaviorsthatwerelearnedinchildhoodcouldtrackintoadulthood,whichcouldleadtopoorhealthoutcomesoveralifetime.(他们发现，针对儿童的广告投放量与有孩子的家庭购买的高糖麦片的数量之间存在着紧密的联系。相比之下，当广告以成年人为目标群体时，广告投放量与家庭购买量的增加没有关联。而且这些广泛的数据还表明，童年时期养成的行为习惯会延续到成年，这可能会在一生中导致不良的健康后果)”可知，研究发现针对儿童的食品广告可能会影响儿童的长期健康。故选C。【9题详析】词句猜测题。根据画线短语所在句“Thefindingsoffernovelevidenceofhowfoodmarketingturnschildrenintothe“ultimateweapon”ininfluencingfamilyspendingbecausetheyconsistentlyasktheirparentstopurchaseaconceptknownas“pesterpower”.(这些研究结果为食品营销如何将儿童变成影响家庭消费的“终极武器”提供了新的证据，因为孩子们会不断要求父母购买，这就是所谓的pesterpower)”可知，研究发现食品营销如何将儿童变成影响家庭消费的“终极武器”，因为孩子们不断地要求父母购买，即画线短语“pesterpower”指的是孩子们反复的购买请求。故选D。【10题详析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“ThefoodindustrylaunchedtheChildren’sFoodandBeverageAdvertisingInitiative,avoluntaryefforttopoliceitself.The21participatingfoodcompaniesmadeacommitmenttocutbackonmarketingunhealthyfoodstochildrenunder12—laterrevisedtounder13.Anewstudyconductedin2024showedthatchildren’sexposuretocerealadsonTVprogrammingaimedatkidshasdroppeddramatically.(食品行业发起了“儿童食品和饮料广告倡议”，这是一项自愿的自我监管努力。21家参与的食品公司承诺减少向12岁以下儿童推销不健康食品，后来这一年龄限制被修改为13岁以下。2024年进行的一项新研究表明，儿童接触针对儿童的电视节目中的麦片广告大幅减少)”可知，第四段主要讲了研究的后续影响。故选B。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ButLindseySmithTaillie,afoodpolicyresearcherattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,saysthesevoluntaryeffortsaren’tmakingadifference.Advertisements,likekids’eyeballs,aremovingonline,makingitevenhardertoknowwhatmarketingchildrenarebeingexposedto,Taillienotes.(但北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的食品政策研究员LindseySmithTaillie表示，这些自愿的努力并没有起到什么作用。Taillie指出，广告就像孩子们的眼睛一样，正在向网络转移，这使得人们更难知道孩子们接触到了什么样的营销)”可推知，Tallie对自愿的努力持不赞成态度。故选C。DIntheriskyworldofnucleararmscontrol,PrincetonstudentLepowskyisexploringhowrobotscanmakeinspectionsmoreaccurateandacceptabletohostnationsworriedaboutinvasive(侵入的)traditionalmethods.Hislatestresearchhasledtoarobotperforminginspectionswithoutsavingsensitiveinformation.“Thehostnationlikelywon’twantahumaninspectorpokingtheirnosearound,”saidLepowsky.“Butevenarobothasmemoryandsensorsacquiringdata.”Thegoalistohavehigh-confidenceinspectionswithouttherobotsavinginformation.Forexample,therobotwouldnotsaveradiationmeasurementsorcreatefloorplansofsensitiveareas.Thenewprototype(样机)isbuiltonaniRobotCreate3platform,aneducationalrobot.Robotsofferadvantagesoverhumaninspectors:theycantoleratehigherradiationlevels,aremoreconsistent,andcanbecheaper.Theyalsocanbeprogrammedtogeneratetrust,suchasnotusingcamerastoavoidseeingunwanteddetails.TheideafortherobotstartedwithLepowsky’sadviser,Glaser,whowascuriousaboutcreatinga“forgetfulrobot”thatcouldperformhighlyaccuratenucleararmsinspectionsbutforgeteverythingafterward.Thisledtoanevenmoreinterestingidea:“Ratherthanforgetting,we’renotevenrememberinginthefirstplace,”Lepowskysaid.Hebelievesthisfeaturecanreassurehostsconcernedaboutprivacy.Lepowskylikestheinterdisciplinarynatureofhiswork—drawingonbothhisroboticsandpolicyexpertise—andhelikesthatitrequiresabreadthofknowledge,notjustdepth.Hevaluesthathisresearchisgroundedinreal-lifeapplicationsforglobalsecurityandnuclearnonproliferation(防扩散).Predictingwhentherobotmightbeusedinthefieldisdifficult.“It’seasytosay,today,it’snotveryrealistic,butyouhavetobereadyforifandwhenitbecomespossible,”saidLepowsky.Researchintothisproblemisveryactive.Becausearmscontrolischanging,thespecificobjectivesoffutureagreementsarehardtopredict.“Butwecanhopetheywillbepositive,andweneedtobeready,technically.“12.InwhichaspectisLepowsky’srobotdifferentfromhumaninspectors?A.Datasecurity. B.Memorycapacity. C.Socialacceptance. D.Userfriendliness.13.Whatissaidabouttherobotinparagraph3?A.Itsaccuratesystem. B.Itsprivacyrisks.C.Itsdesignmechanism. D.Itsoperationalproblems.14.WhatdoesLepowskylikeabouthiswork?A.Scientificresearchdata. B.Real-timetechnicalcooperation.C.In-depththeoreticalstudies. D.Integratedknowledgeacrossfields.15.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Princeton’s“Forgetful”RobotsinGlobalSecurityB.No-MemoryRobots:TheFutureofNuclearChecks?C.NuclearArmsControl:RobotsorHumanInspectors?D.Lepowsky’s“Curious”RobotsforRadiationDetection【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了普林斯顿大学的学生Lepowsky在核军备控制领域的研究，特别是他关于如何利用机器人进行更准确且为主办国所接受的核查工作的探索。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段““Thehostnationlikelywon’twantahumaninspectorpokingtheirnosearound,”saidLepowsky.“Butevenarobothasmemoryandsensorsacquiringdata.”Thegoalistohavehigh-confidenceinspectionswithouttherobotsavinginformation.Forexample,therobotwouldnotsaveradiationmeasurementsorcreatefloorplansofsensitiveareas.(Lepowsky说：“东道国很可能不希望人类核查员到处窥探。但即便是机器人也有会采集数据的内存和传感器。”其目标是在机器人不保存信息的情况下进行高可信度的核查。例如，机器人不会保存辐射测量数据，也不会绘制敏感区域的平面图。)”可知，东道国不希望人类核查员到处窥探，而Lepowsky的机器人的目标是在不保存信息，如不保存辐射测量数据、不绘制敏感区域平面图的情况下进行核查。所以Lepowsky的机器人与人类核查员在数据安全方面不同。故选A。【13题详析】主旨大意题。在文章第三段中，首先提到“Thenewprototype(样机)isbuiltonaniRobotCreate3platform,aneducationalrobot.(这款新的样机是基于教育机器人iRobotCreate3平台制造的。)”说明了机器人的样机是基于一个教育机器人平台搭建的。接着阐述“Robotsofferadvantagesoverhumaninspectors:theycantoleratehigherradiationlevels,aremoreconsistent,andcanbecheaper.Theyalsocanbeprogrammedtogeneratetrust,suchasnotusingcamerastoavoidseeingunwanteddetails.(与人类核查员相比，机器人具有一些优势：它们能够承受更高的辐射水平，工作更加稳定一致，而且成本可能更低。它们还可以通过编程来赢得信任，比如不使用摄像头以避免拍摄到不必要的细节。)”介绍了机器人相较于人类核查员的优势，以及为了赢得信任所采用的编程方式，比如不使用摄像头。还提到“TheideafortherobotstartedwithLepowsky’sadviser,Glaser,whowascuriousaboutcreatinga“forgetfulrobot”thatcouldperformhighlyaccuratenucleararmsinspectionsbutforgeteverythingafterward.Thisledtoanevenmoreinterestingidea:“Ratherthanforgetting,we’renotevenrememberinginthefirstplace,”Lepowskysaid.Hebelievesthisfeaturecanreassurehostsconcernedaboutprivacy.(关于这款机器人的想法最初来自Lepowsky的导师Glaser，他对制造一个能够进行高度精确的核武器核查、但事后会忘掉一切的“健忘机器人”很感兴趣。这引出了一个更有意思的想法：“我们不是让它事后忘掉，而是从一开始就不记录任何信息。”Lepowsky说。他认为这一特点可以让那些担心隐私问题的东道国放心。)”讲述了机器人设计理念的起源以及最终确定的“从一开始就不记录信息”这一特色，这些都围绕着机器人的设计机制展开。所以关于第三段中提到的机器人，主要说的是它的设计机制。故选C。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Lepowskylikestheinterdisciplinarynatureofhiswork—drawingonbothhisroboticsandpolicyexpertise—andhelikesthatitrequiresabreadthofknowledge,notjustdepth.Hevaluesthathisresearchisgroundedinreal-lifeapplicationsforglobalsecurityandnuclearnonproliferation(防扩散).(Lepowsky喜欢自己工作的跨学科性质——既利用了他在机器人技术方面的专业知识，也运用了他在政策方面的专长——而且他喜欢这份工作需要广泛的知识，而不仅仅是深度的专业知识。他很看重自己的研究是基于全球安全和核不扩散的现实应用。)”可知，Lepowsky喜欢他工作的跨学科性质，即他的工作需要同时运用到机器人技术和政策方面的专业知识，并且他喜欢这份工作需要广泛的知识，而不仅仅是深度的专业知识。故选D。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要围绕莱波夫斯基研发的不会保存敏感信息（即没有记忆）的机器人展开，介绍了该机器人在核武器核查领域的研发背景、优势、设计机制等。文中提到这种机器人能够在不保存信息的情况下进行高可信度的核查，解决了东道国对隐私的担忧，并且探讨了虽然目前难以预测其在实际领域的应用时间，但针对该问题的研究很活跃，未来可能在核核查中发挥作用。选项B“No-MemoryRobots:TheFutureofNuclearChecks?(无记忆机器人：核核查的未来？)”既突出了机器人“无记忆”的特点，又点明了其与核核查的关系，并且以疑问的形式引发读者思考，符合文章主旨。故选B。第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whentheworld-famousauthorJ.K.RowlinggaveaspeechataHarvardUniversitygraduationceremony,somemayhavealittlesurprisedbythetopicshechose:“TheBenefitsofFailure”.Rowling’sfirstnovelwasrejectedby12publishersbeforeitwasfinallypublished.However,itwasthisexperiencethathelpedhertosucceed._______16_______Shediscoveredthatshehadastrongwill,andmoredisciplinethanshehadexpected.ThelateAppleCEOSteveJobsexperiencedfailureearlyinhiscareer,whenhewasfiredformthecompanyhehadco-founded.Hefeltdespairandrejection.However,itwas,inhisview,“thebestthingthatcouldhaveeverhappenedtome.Theheavinessofbeingsuccessfulwasreplacedbythelightnessofbeingabeginneragain,lesssureabouteverything._______17_______”EvenBillGateshasexperiencedfailure.HisfirstcompanywascalledTraf-O-Data,butunfortunately,itsproductdidn’twork._______18_______ButwhatGateslearntfromthisexperiencehelpedlaythegroundworkfortheglobalsuccessthatisnowMicrosoft.Hedidn'tmakethesamemistaketwice._______19_______Attoughmomentsintheirlives,theyshowedgrit.Butwhatis“grit”exactly?Putsimply,it’sapassionforsomethingandthedeterminationtoworkhardandtostickwithit.It’sveryeasytogiveupwhenwehitsetbacks,butpeoplewhohavegritkeepgoing.Sohowcanwebecome“grittier”?_______20_______Ifwecanlearnhowtomanagefailure,we’lllearnhowtosucceed.Byworkingthroughaseriesoffailures,we’rebetterpreparedforthebiggerchallengeswe’llfaceintheadultworld:We’llhavetheresilienceweneedtokeepgoing.We’llhavetruegrit.A.Itwasatotaldisaster.B.Asbeginnerstheylackexperience.C.Thisiswheretheimportanceoffailurecomesin.D.Alltheseindividualssharesomethingincommon.E.Itfreedmetoenteroneofthemostcreativeperiodsinmylife.F.Withastrongwill,theideawasturnedintoasuccessfulproduct.G.Failuretaughtherthingsthatshecouldhavelearntnootherway.【答案】16.G17.E18.A19.D20.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了失败和勇气的关系。【16题详析】根据上文“However,itwasthisexperiencethathelpedhertosucceed(然而，正是这段经历帮助她取得了成功)”可知，上文提到了失败的好处，所以选项进一步解释为通过失败学到独特的东西。故G选项“失败教会了她其他途径学不到的东西”切题。故选G项。【17题详析】根据上文“Theheavinessofbeingsuccessfulwasreplacedbythelightnessofbeingabeginneragain,lesssureabouteverything(成功的沉重被重新开始的轻松和对每件事都不那么确定所取代)”可知，选项承接上文继续说明重新开始的轻松和对每件事都不那么确定所取代对作者的影响。故E选项“它解放了我，让我进入了一生中最有创造力的时期之一”切题。故选E项。【18题详析】根据上文“HisfirstcompanywascalledTraf-O-Data,butunfortunately,itsproductdidn’twork.(他的第一家公司叫Traf-O-Data，但不幸的是，它的产品并不奏效)”可知，选项补充说明结果。故A选项“这完全是一场灾难”切题。故选A项。【19题详析】根据下文“Attoughmomentsintheirlives,theyshowedgrit.(在生活的艰难时刻，他们表现出了勇气)”可知，这三个人的共同之处是有勇气。所以选项承接下文说明他们有共同之处。故D选项“所有这些人都有共同之处”切题。故选D项。【20题详析】根据上文“Sohowcanwebecome“grittier”?(那么，我们怎样才能变得“更有勇气”呢？)”可知，选项承接上文说明“更有勇气”和失败的关系。故C选项“这就是失败的重要性所在”切题。故选C项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Lastsummer,IjoinedavolunteerprograminaruralAfricanvillage.Iwas____21____toteachEnglishandbuildfriendships.Myfirstweekwasfilledwith____22____—Itaughtchildrenbasicphrases,playedgames,andevenlearnedafewwordsintheirlocallanguage.____23____,realityhithardsoon.Onemorning,astormfloodedthevillage’sonlyclassroom,____24____textbooksandchairs.Thevillagers,strugglingwithpoverty,hadnomoneytorepairit.Myheart____25____—howcouldIcontinueteachingwithoutresources?Thatnight,Ilayawake,brainstorming____26____.ThenIrememberedmyphone’sflashlightapp.“Wecanholdclassesunderthestars!”Isuggested.Thevillagerswere____27____,butanyway,weclearedapatch(小块)ofland,borrowedchairsfromneighbors,andusedmyphone’slightto____28____vocabularywordsontoawhitesheet.Theoutdoorclassesworkedsurprisingly____29____.Childrenlaughedastheytracedlettersinthedirt,andparentsjoined,____30____aboutthe“glowinglessons”.Buttroublestruckagainwhenmyphone____31____mid-lesson.Silencefell.AboynamedKofisuddenlystoodup,____32____asmallsolarlanternhe’dmadefromscrap(碎片)metal.“Usethis,”hesaidproudly.Overthenextweeks,Kofiandotherkids____33____morelanterns,andour“nightschool”thrived(蓬勃发展).Bytheendoftheprogram,thecommunityhadraisedfundstorebuildtheclassroom.Ileftwithtearsinmyeyes—notfromsadness,butfrom____34____.Thisexperiencemademe____35____thatinnovationandcommunityspiritcanovercomethetoughestchallenges.21.A.hesitant B.embarrassed C.eager D.nervous22.A.tension B.astonishment C.confusion D.excitement23.A.However B.Moreover C.Therefore D.Otherwise24.A.covering B.preserving C.ruining D.energizing25.A.beat B.sank C.stopped D.raced26.A.puzzles B.solutions C.excuses D.conditions27.A.doubtful B.hopeful C.grateful D.faithful28.A.post B.paint C.project D.print29.A.rarely B.typically C.loosely D.perfectly30.A.concerned B.cautious C.curious D.reluctant31.A.died B.slipped C.shone D.rang32.A.hiding B.holding C.leaving D.handing33.A.decorated B.exhibited C.lighted D.crafted34.A.pride B.anxiety C.sympathy D.terror35.A.prove B.realize C.hope D.deserve【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.C25.B26.B27.A28.C29.D30.C31.A32.B33.D34.A35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在非洲农村支教时克服困难并创新教学的经历。【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我渴望教英语并建立友谊。A.hesitant犹豫的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.eager渴望的；D.nervous紧张的。根据上文“Ijoinedavolunteerprogram”、“Myfirstweekwasfilledwith”可知，作者主动参与志愿项目，应是带着积极的意愿，“渴望”符合语境，体现对教学和交友的期待。故选C。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的第一周充满了兴奋。A.tension紧张；B.astonishment惊讶；C.confusion困惑；D.excitement兴奋。根据下文“Itaughtchildrenbasicphrases,playedgames”可知，作者的教学活动充满兴奋。故选D。【23题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，现实很快给了我沉重的一击。A.However然而；B.Moreover此外；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否则。根据上文“Itaughtchildrenbasicphrases,playedgames,andevenlearnedafewwordsintheirlocallanguage.”和下文“realityhithardsoon”可知，上下文形成转折关系，用However。故选A。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，一场暴风雨淹没了村里唯一的教室，毁坏了课本和椅子。A.covering覆盖；B.preserving保护；C.ruining毁坏；D.energizing激励。根据上文“Onemorning,astormfloodedthevillage’sonlyclassroom”可知，暴风雨带来的是破坏，课本和椅子应是被“毁坏”。故选C。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心沉了下去。A.beat跳动；B.sank下沉；C.stopped停止；D.raced疾驰。根据上文“Thevillagers,strugglingwithpoverty,hadnomoneytorepairit”和下文“howcouldIcontinueteachingwithoutresources?”可知，作者面对教学资源被毁的困境感到沮丧、无助，“心一沉”是表达这种失落情绪的常用方式。故选B。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，我躺着睡不着，绞尽脑汁想办法。A.puzzles难题；B.solutions解决办法；C.excuses借口；D.conditions条件。根据下文“Wecanholdclassesunderthestars!”可知，作者在思考解决办法。故选B。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：村民们对此表示怀疑，但无论如何，我们清理了一块土地。A.doubtful怀疑的；B.hopeful有希望的；C.grateful感激的；D.faithful忠诚的。根据上文“Thevillagerswere”和下文“butanyway,weclearedapatch(小块)ofland,borrowedchairsfromneighbors”可知，前后为转折关系，后文提到实际执行了户外教学计划，因此前文村民的态度应是“怀疑的”。故选A。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：用我的手机灯光将词汇投射到白布上。A.post张贴；B.paint绘画；C.project投射；D.print打印。根据上文“usedmyphone’slightto”和下文“ontoawhitesheet”可知，这里指用手机灯光将词汇投射到白布上。故选C。【29题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：户外课堂的效果出奇地好。A.rarely很少地；B.typically典型地；C.loosely宽松地；D.perfectly完美地。根据上文“Theoutdoorclassesworkedsurprisingly”和下文“Childrenlaughedastheytracedlettersinthedirt”可知，户外课堂效果很好。故选D。【30题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们笑着在泥土上描摹字母，家长们也加入进来，对这种“发光的课程”充满好奇。A.concerned关心的；B.cautious谨慎的；C.curious好奇的；D.reluctant不情愿的。根据上文“andparentsjoined”和下文“aboutthe“glowinglessons””可知，家长们对课程感到好奇。故选C。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在上课中途，我的手机没电了，麻烦又来了。A.died（电池）耗尽；B.slipped滑倒；C.shone发光；D.rang响铃。根据上文“Buttroublestruckagainwhenmyphone”和下文“asmallsolarlanternhe’dmadefromscrap(碎片)metal”可知，手机无法继续提供灯光，应是“没电停止运转”，died在此处可表示电子设备没电关机，符合语境。故选A。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个叫Kofi的男孩突然站起来，拿着他用废金属做的小太阳能灯。A.hiding隐藏；B.holding拿着；C.leaving离开；D.handing交给。根据下文“asmallsolarlantern”可知，Kofi拿着灯。故选B。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几周里，Kofi和其他孩子制作了更多的灯。A.decorated装饰；B.exhibited展览；C.lighted点燃；D.crafted制作。根据下文“morelanterns”可知，孩子们制作了更多的灯。故选D。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我含着眼泪离开了——不是因为悲伤，而是因为骄傲。A.pride骄傲；B.anxiety焦虑；C.sympathy同情；D.terror恐怖。根据上文“thecommunityhadraisedfundstorebuildtheclassroom”和“our“nightschool”thrived”可知，志愿项目最终取得了积极成果，作者的情绪应是积极的，“自豪”符合对成果的感受，与“悲伤”形成对比。故选A。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这段经历让我意识到创新和社区精神可以克服最艰难的挑战。A.prove证明；B.realize意识到；C.hope希望；D.deserve应得。根据下文“innovationandcommunityspiritcanovercomethetoughestchallenges”可知，作者意识到创新和社区精神的力量。故选B。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。LampsfromtheHanDynastyexhibitadiverserange____36____forms,featuringpatternssuchaswildgoosefeet,theVermilionBirds,oxen,sheepandothers.One____37____(remark)ex