专题16被动语态（知识清单）（原卷版）

01被动语态基本用法1.被动语态由“be动词+过去分词”构成，时态通过be动词的变化体现。时态结构例句一般现在时am/is/are+doneRiceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.一般过去时was/were+doneThedoorwasrepairedbyhimyesterday.含情态动词情态动词+be+doneYourroommustbecleanedeveryday.现在进行时am/is/are+being+doneTheroomsarebeingpaintedredbyher.过去进行时was/were+being+doneTreeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.一般将来时will+be+doneAnewlibrarywillbebuiltbetweenthebuildings.现在完成时have/has+been+doneIhavebeeninformedofdateofthesportsmeeting.过去完成时had+been+doneThemagazinehadbeenreturnedbeforeIarrived.2.被动语态的常用句式结构。句式结构例句肯定句be动词+过去分词by...by...)Thedoorwasclosedbyhim.否定句be动词+not+过去分词(+by...)Thesebooksarenotkeptinthelibrary.一般疑问句Be动词+主语+过去分词(+by...)Is

thisplate

made

ofsilver?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+be动词

+主语+过去分词?What

are

thesecoats

made

of?3.使用被动语态的典型场合。场合例句强调动作的承受者She

is

greatly

influenced

by

herparents.不知道动作的执行者Thezipper

wasinvented

in1893.没有必要指出动作的执行者Thesetoys

aredesigned

forchildren.当动作的执行者不是人时Thewindow

wasblown

openbywind.有些动词习惯上只用于被动语态Tom

wasborn

in

NewYorkinAugust2024.句型“It

is+过去分词+that从句It'sreportedthatthegovernmentwillraisetaxes.02被动语态典型用法1.“be+及物动词的过去分词+(by…)”是被动语态最基本形式。Thesebooksarewrittenespeciallyforchildren.这些书是专门为孩子们写的。Newpolicies

willbeannounced

bythegovernment.政府将宣布新政策。2.“get+及物动词的过去分词+(by…)”这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果。多用于一些短语中，如getcaught,getburnt,getlost,getpaid,getpromoted等等。Hisphone

gotstolen

onthebusyesterday.他的手机昨天在公交车上被偷了。Shegotpraisedbytheteacherforherwork.她因为作业被老师表扬了。3.“情态动词+be+过去分词”结构也是被动语态，常见情态动词有can,may,must,could,would,should等。Wastebatteries

mustberecycled

properly.废旧电池必须妥善回收。Plasticbags

shouldbebanned

insupermarkets.超市应该禁止使用塑料袋。4.带双宾语的谓语动词变被动语态，若将直接宾语转化成主语，则保留间接宾语，并且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。主动语态变为被动语态后，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring，give，send，show，take，pass，lend，post，teach，write，throw，hand等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：buy，cook，find，get，make，save等。5.“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构变被动语态，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处(谓语动词后面)，成为主语补足语。

易错提醒：感官动词(see，watch，hear，feel,notice等)和使役动词(have，let，make等)后使用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。变成被动语态后要把to还原，不定式为主语补足语。例如：Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.我们经常听到他弹吉他。(主动语态)→He

is

often

heardto

playtheguitarbyus.(被动语态)Shewasmadetocrybytheirwords.她被他们的话弄哭了。6.动词短语的介词或副词在被动结构中不可省去。Suchabadhabit

shouldbegotridof.这样的坏习惯应该改掉。Theheroislookeduptobyeveryone.这位英雄被每个人敬仰。【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1．Theproblemwhich(discuss)inthemeetingroomnowisveryimportanttothedevelopmentofthepany.2．Myhouse(decorate)whenyouvisitedBeijinglasttime,soIdidn’tinviteyoutomyhome.3．Thereasonwhythelakesmellsterribleisthatlargequantitiesofwater(pollute)inthelastfewyears.4．Carsonprovesthatasimplelyricformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.5．Teachingchildrenaboutthenaturalworldshould(treat)asoneofthemostimportanteventsinteachers’lives.6．Itisessentialthateffectiveactions(take)toendforthesituation.7．Somesocialapppanieswere(blame)becausetheyorganizedphototripstoattractmoreyoungsters.8．Thissortofroastmeatisalocalsuperfoodandit（taste）delicious.9．Althoughpeoplehavemadegreatprogressinscienceandtechnology,thedeepandmysteriousoceanisstilldifficult(explore).10．WiththerapiddevelopmentofAI,manyjobs(replace)bymachinesintheingdecades.01“系动词+表语”主动表被动①感官类系动词：look,seem,appear,feel,sound,taste,smell②变化类系动词：bee,turn,e,go,fall,get③保持证明类系动词：stay,keep,be,remain,prove,turnoutTheflowers

smell

sweet.这些花闻起来很香。Hegotexcitedwhenheheardthegoodnews.听到好消息，他变得很兴奋。Theflowers

keepalive

withenoughwater.有足够的水，花能保持存活。02“一些动词+副词”主动表被动write,read,sell,wear,wash,open,shut等动词多用于“动词+副词”结构，表示主语的某种属性，常用主动形式表被动意义。Organicvegetables

sellwell

inthismarket.有机蔬菜在这个市场很畅销。Thisfancypenwritessmoothlyonthickandthinpaper.这支精致的笔在厚薄纸上都写得很流畅。03measure,weigh接短语主动表被动measure,weigh表示“测量起来，称重起来”，后接短语时，主动形式表示被动意义。Thenewcarpetmeasuresthreebyfourmeters.这块新地毯量起来是3米乘4米。Theheavystoneweighsover100pounds.这块重石头称起来超过100磅。04want/need/require/deserve接动名词主动表被动want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobe+过去分词，该句型表示“某物需要……”。deserve+doing=deserve+tobe+过去分词，该句型表示“值得……”。Themachinerequirescheckingregularly.=Themachinerequirestobecheckedregularly.这台机器需要定期检查。Thegardenwantstidyingbeforetheparty.=Thegardenwantstobetidied.派对前花园需要打扫。Thebravesoldierdeservesrewarding.=Thebravesoldierdeservestoberewarded.这位勇敢的士兵值得被嘉奖。05beworthdoing/betoblame主动表被动beworthdoing表示“值得做”，betoblame表示“该受到责备”也是主动表被动。Theoldtown

isworthvisiting

duringtheholiday.这个古镇假期值得一游。Thepoormanagement

istoblame

forthefailure.管理不善该为这次失败负责。06be+形容词+不定式”主动表被动英语中“be+形容词+不定式短语”结构构成反射不定式不定式主动形式表被动意义。Thedoor

ishardtoopen

inwinter.这扇门冬天很难打开。Thesong

ispleasanttolistento.这首歌听起来很悦耳。易错提醒：上述结构可以转化为It开头的结构。Thistaskisdifficulttofinishontime.=Itisdifficulttofinishthetaskontime这项任务很难按时完成。【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1．GreatExpectations(sell)well,butnotallbooks(sell)outyet.2．Somesocialapppanieswere(blame)becausetheyorganizedphototripstoattractmoreyoungsters.3．—WhatdoyouthinkofmynewTshirt?—Iamsureit(wear)verywellandkeepsitsshape.4．Thebuildings(date)fromtheMingDynastyisbeingrebuilt.5．ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morefortable________(hold).6．ItwasonlyafterhehadreadthepapersthatMrGrossrealizedthatthetaskwasextremelydifficult_________(finish).7．Iwouldliketobuythesecoatbecausetheclothing(feel)smooth.8．Thisarticleiswellworth(read),butitisnotworthyof(translate).9．Thereisnopointinbuyingthiswashingpowder,becausethiskindofcloth(wash)easily.10．Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequire(look)afterwithgreatcare.01不及物动词作谓语常用主动形式某些不及物动词(短语)，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。这类动词有：happen发生,occur突然想到,exist存在。Theunexpectedeventhappenedduringthemorningmeetingyesterday.意外事件发生在昨天的早会上。Abrilliantideaoccurredtohimwhilehewasreadingthebook.他读书时突然想到一个绝妙的主意。02某些不及物动词短语常用主动形式某些不及物动词短语，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。此类短语有：eout出版,eintobeing产生,consistof由……组成，eabout发生,breakout爆发,belongto属于,datefrom=datebackto追溯到,arisefrom由……引起,runout用光等，payoff努力得到回报。Thewedding

willtakeplace

nextweek.婚礼将于下周举行。Theteam

consistsof

fiveexperiencedmembers.这个团队由5名有经验的成员组成。易错提醒：上述单词和短语作定语，常用现在分词形式。Thenecklacebelongingtohermotherisafamilytreasure.属于她母亲的那条项链是家族珍宝。Thecastledatingbacktothe12thcenturyattractsmanyvisitors.那座追溯到12世纪的城堡吸引了许多游客。【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1．Londonisanancientportcitythathasahistory(date)allthewaybacktoRomantimes.2.ThisproverbisbasedonanoldEnglishlaw____________(date)backtothe17thcentury.3.ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuture___________(belong)tothewelleducated.4.Thenumberofroadaccidentsandthedeaths____________(arise)fromthoseaccidentshasincreasedoverthepastyear.5.Nowit__________(occur)tohimthathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.被动语态特殊注意点1.“under+抽象名词”结构含有被动之意，如underattack遭到攻击,underdiscussion被讨论,underconstruction在建造中,underrepair在维修中,underthreat受到威胁,undertreatment接受治疗,undercontrol被控制等。Theoldbridgeis

underrepair

andwillreopennextmonth.这座旧桥正在维修，下月将重新开放。Thesubwaylineconnectingthetwocitiesis

underconstruction.连接两座城市的地铁线路正在建设中。2.dress,devote等动词无宾语时，常用被动结构。这些动词短语有：dressoneselfin给自己穿上,devoteoneselfto致力于,mitoneselfto使自己致力于,applyoneselfto专心于,stationoneself使自己驻扎,seatoneself使自己就座等。She

wasdressed

inaredcoatwhenIsawher.我见到她时，她穿着一件红色外套。Allefforts

mustbeapplied

tosolvingthisurgentproblem.必须全力以赴解决这个紧急问题。被动语态被动语态综合能力提升一、单项填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2025全国一卷）“Theplayers’personalities___________(reveal)duringthegame,andone’sweaknessesareexposedtotheopponent,”sheadds.2.（2025北京卷）Somechoicesarequick,whileotherstakemorethought.Usually,betteroutes___________(achieve)throughathoroughunderstandingofstrategieslikerisktolerance.3.（2025八省联考卷）Everylanguageisworthyofrespectandshould___________(treat)equally.4.（2024新课标II卷）Twoyearslater,asixmetertallpavilion,inspiredbyThePeonyPavilion,___________(build)attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.5.（2024全国甲卷）Whatshould___________(do)withsuchabeautifulplace?Theywonderedoutloud.6.（2024浙江1月卷）However,thoughit’snicetogetafewcentsoffapackofsausages,itwouldhelpevenmoreiftheycouldsometimes__________(offer)insmallerpacks.7.(2024九省联考卷）Fountainpens__________(use)inschoolslongagoandhavebeenregainingpopularitylatelybecausetheyarerefillable.8.（2023全国乙卷）Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I_________(amaze)bythecoexistenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.9.（2023全国甲卷）Carsonprovesthatasimplelyricformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill_________(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.10.（2023天津6月卷）Thewoodentowerthat_________(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon,andtheworkisalmostfinished.11.（2022浙江卷）Tounderstandapainting,we’retaughttolookforcolor,position,andlight.Buthowcanapainting_________(appreciate)bysomeonewho’sblind?12.（2021浙江1月卷）Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson’sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25_________(consider)healthy.13.（2021浙江卷）Mary’sniecewrote,"Thelittlehome_________(paint)white.Itwassweetandfresh.Marylovedit.Shewasextremelypretty,andherhousewasareflectionofherself,everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.14.（2021全国甲卷）TheXi'anCityWallisthemostpletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It_________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeenpletelyrestored(修复).15.（2020新课标）Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic_________(call)galleriesorrooms.16.（2020全国III卷）Theartistwassurehewould_________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.二、被动语态与语法填空（2425高二下·全国·课后作业）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。DunhuangwasthegatewaytoandfromAncientChina,aplace1EastmetWest,andagreenislandinthemiddleofthedesert.Dunhuangservedasacentreof2(culture)andmercialexchange.Today,DunhuangisaworldclasstouristdestinationboastingsiteswithUNESCOprotectedheritagestatus.Ithasmorethan700caves.3(know)astheMogaoGrottoes,theseancientcaves4(carve)outoftherockoveraperiodof1,000years.Thereyoucanseepaintingsandotherartworks.Lookatthesestatues!Youcansee5(element)fromAncientGreece,IndiaandIran.Themuralscoveran6(astonish)areaof45,000squaremetres.ThesubjectsoftheDunhuangmuralsvaryfromreligiousstoriestoscenesofeverydaylife.ButonetypeofmuralthatisuniquetoDunhuangshowstheApsaras,or“FlyingImmortals”.ThepaintingofApsarasduringtheTangDynastyreflectsthe7(confident)andoptimismofpeoplefromthattime.In8sealedcave,nowknownasthefamousLibraryCave,werehiddenthousandsofmanuscripts,paintingsandscrolls,aswellassilkembroideries.We’llhaveachancetoseesomeof9(they)shortly.However,thereasonwhytheLibraryCavewassealedupallthoseyearsagoremainsamystery.ThiscenturyisbringingtheSilkRoad10lifeoncemorethroughtheBeltandRoadInitiative.Dunhuanghasonceagainbeeaglobalcrossroads.（2425高二下·广东深圳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ElectricvehiclegiantBYDrecentlylaunchedanewchargingsysteminChina,gainingitanadvantageousposi