2017年在职申硕（同等学力）英语真题试卷

2017年在职申硕（同等学力）英语真题试卷一、OralCommunication1.PartⅠOralCommunication__________________________________________________________________________________________2.SectionADirections:InthissectiontherearetwoincompletedialoguesandeachdialoguehasthreeblanksandthreechoicesA,BandC,takenfromthedialogue.FillineachoftheblankswithoneofthechoicestocompletethedialogueandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.__________________________________________________________________________________________A.Whenisittakingplace?B.IsAlanattending?C.That'llbeinteresting.Alice:We'rehavingameetingtomorrow.Canyoumakeit?Kevin:【D1】______Alice:We'replanningat10o'clock.IsthatOK?Kevin:Yes,that'llbefine.Alice:We'regoingtogooverlastquarter'ssalesfigures.Kevin:Good.IhavesomeinputI'dliketomake.Alice:Frankisalsogoingtomakesomesuggestionsonimprovingthebottomline.Kevin:【D2】______He'sgotkeeninsights.Alice:Yes,he'sgoingtooutlinesomenewsalesstrategies.Kevin:【D3】______Alice:No,he'sflyingtoSanFranciscoandwon'tbeabletomakeit.Kevin:Ohwell,maybehe'llphonein.（1）.【D1】

正确答案:A解析：对话者回答为“We’replanningat10o'clock．”即对时间的安排，由此可推理正确提问应该是“Whenisittakingplace?”（2）.【D2】

正确答案:C解析：此空对应的上文为“Frankisalsogoingtomakesomesuggestions…”，意指“Frank对于如何提高销售底线也将给出一些建议”。Kevin的回答是“______He’sgotkeeninsights．”（他有很敏锐的洞察力），由上下文可知这里的He指的是上文中提到的Frank，而不是Alan。因此，由排除法可知，正确答案为“That’llbeinteresting．”（那一定会很有意思），表达Kevin对Frank参加会议并发表看法的一种期待。（3）.【D3】

正确答案:B解析：听者回答“No，he’sflyingtoSanFrancisco…”，意思是“不参加，他要飞去旧金山……”。由此可知最合适的提问为“IsAlanattending?”A.I'lldropbythereonmywaytoclasstoday.B.Ithoughtyoulikedtheapartment.C.I'vedecidedtolookforanewplace.Roger:Hello.Ann:HelloRoger?ThisisAnn.Roger:Ohhi,Ann.Howhaveyoubeen?How'syournewapartmentworkingout?Ann:Well,that'swhatI'mcallingabout.Yousee,【D4】______Roger:Oh,what'stheproblemwithyourplacenow?【D5】______Ann:Oh,Ido,butit'salittlefarfromcampus,andthecommuteisjustkillingme.Doyouthinkyoucouldhelp?Ithoughtyoumightknowmoreaboutthehousingsituationneartheschool.Roger:Well,Iknowthere'sanapartmentcomplexaroundthecornerthatseemstohaveafewvacancies.【D6】______Ann:Hey,thanksalot.Roger:Noproblem.（1）.【D4】

正确答案:B解析：通过下面的回答“Oh，Ido，butit’Salittlefarfromcampus，andthecommuteisjustkillingme…”（哦，我是很喜欢，但离学校有些远，交通也让我很头痛……）可知，最合适的答案为“Ithoughtyoulikedtheapartment．"（我本以为你很喜欢你的公寓。）（2）.【D5】

正确答案:A解析：Roger告诉Ann“在拐角处有套公寓，还有一些空位置”，因此选A。“I’lldropbythereonmywaytoclasstoday”，意思是“今天我上学的路上将顺便看看那里”。Ann对此表示感谢。（3）.【D6】解析：这里在介绍希拉里的身份，同时表示对她的欢迎，表示欢迎常常用“It’sarealhonortohaveyouhere．”3.SectionBDirections:InthissectionthereisoneincompleteinterviewwhichhasfourblanksandfourchoicesA,B,CandD,takenfromtheinterview.FillineachoftheblankswithoneofthechoicestocompletetheinterviewandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.__________________________________________________________________________________________A.Thanks,Rachel.B.That'swhatwedid.C.WewerealltalkingaboutsomeTVshows.D.it'sarealhonortohaveyouhere.Maddow:JoiningusfortheinterviewisHillaryClinton,formersecretaryofstate,formersenator,formerfirstlady.SecretaryClinton,【D7】______Thankyouforbeinghere.Clinton:It'sgreattobeherewithyou.【D8】______Maddow:Whatdoesapersondoafter11hoursoftestimony?You'retheonlyhumanbeingIknowofonearththathasdone11straighthours.Whatdidyoudoafterthat?Clinton:Well,IhadmywholeteamcomeovertomyhouseandwesataroundeatingIndianfoodanddrinkingwineandbeer.【D9】______Itwasgreat.Maddow:Andwasitlike,"Let'sjusttalkaboutTV.Let'snottalkaboutwhatjusthappened?"Clinton:Yes,yes.【D10】______Itwasgreatjusttohavethatchancetothankthembecausetheydidaterrificjob,youknow,kindofbeingtherebehindmeandgettingmeready.（1）.【D7】

正确答案:C解析：通过Maddow的回答“Let’sjusttalkaboutTV．”可知，“WewerealltalkingaboutsomeTVshows．”与下文对应。（2）.【D8】

正确答案:B解析：表示对主持人的赞同，“Yes，yes．That’swhatwedid．”是符合上下文语义走向的。（3）.【D9】（4）.【D10】二、Vocabulary4.SectionADirections:Inthissectionthereare10sentences,eachwithonewordorphraseunderlined.Choosetheonefromthe4choicesmarkedA,B,CandDthatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentence.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.__________________________________________________________________________________________5.Thespeciallydevelopedskinpaintwillwearoffin2-4days,butcanberemovedinstantlywithalcohol.

A.remain

B.dry

C.work

D.disappear

√解析：划线词组wearoff“磨损，消失，减弱”。remain“维持”，dry“干燥”，work“工作”，disappear“消失”。正确答案为D。6.Shewastiredofhisconstantcomplaininganddidn'twanttotoleratehimanymore.

A.catchupto

B.putupwith

√

C.comeupwith

D.liveupto解析：划线单词tolerate“忍受，忍耐”。catchupto“追上，赶上”，putupwith“忍受，忍耐”，comeupwith“提出”，liveupto“符合，满足要求”。根据意思相近原则，正确答案为B。7.Thesupportersofeitherpartyhaverationalizedtheirownopinionintermsofargument.

A.withregardto

√

B.inconstantto

C.inadditionto

D.asopposedto解析：划线词组intermsof“关于”。withregardto“关于”，inconstantto“在……当中”，inadditionto“另外，额外”，asopposedto“与……相反”。根据语义，正确答案为A。8.Howisitpossiblethatsuchwidespreaddeceptionhascometotakeplacerightunderournoses?

A.delay

B.damage

C.fraud

√

D.shock.解析：划线单词deception“欺骗”。delay“耽误，延误”，damage“破坏”，fraud“欺骗”，shock“震动”。根据题意，正确答案为C。9.Itisnotyetclearwhetherthedecisionofdataatthetroubledbankwasaccidentalordeliberate.

A.obvious

B.intentional

√

C.surprising

D.foolish解析：划线单词deliberate“故意的”。obvious“明显的”，intentional“故意的，有意的”，surprising“惊奇的”，foolish“愚蠢的”。本题正确答案为B。10.Whenrequiredtoeatvegetables,manychildrenonlydosoreluctantly.

A.automatically

B.anxiously

C.obediently

D.unwillingly

√解析：划线单词reluctantly“不乐意地，不情愿地”。automatically“自动地，机械地”，anxiously“焦虑地”，obediently“顺从地”，unwillingly“不乐意地，不情愿地”。本题正确答案为D。11.Recently,theinternethasgivenrisetoanewtypeofmarketplace.

A.created

√

B.conceived

C.increased

D.improved解析：划线词组givenriseto“产出，提出”。created“创造，产生”，conceived“构思，设想”，increased“增加”，improved“改善”。本题正确答案为A。12.Another1,000workersweredismissedwhenthemachineryplantwasindifficulties.

A.takenoff

B.drivenoff

C.putoff

D.laidoff

√解析：划线单词dismissed“解雇”。takenoff“脱掉，起飞”，drivenoff“驱赶”，putoff“推迟”，laidoff“下岗”。正确答案为D。13.Creditcreatesthefalseideathatyoucanownthingswithoutpayingforthem.

A.image

B.illusion

√

C.imagination

D.impression解析：划线词组falseidea“错误的想法”。image“形象”，illusion“幻想，不切实际的想法”，imagination“想象”，impression“印象”。本题正确答案为B。14.Fortheaudiencetobetterunderstandthenewconcept,theprofessorelaborateditwithmanyexamples.

A.summarized

B.concluded

C.classified

D.explained

√解析：划线单词elaborated“详细阐述”。summarized“总结”，concluded“得出结论”，classified“分类”，explained“解释”。本题正确答案为D。三、ReadingComprehension15.ReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare5passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby5questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestoneandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.__________________________________________________________________________________________Undertherightcircumstances,choosingtospendtimealonecanbeahugepsychologicalblessing.Inthe1980s,theItalianjournalistandauthorTizianoTerzani,aftermanyyearsofreportingacrossAsia,holedhimselfupinacabininIbarakiPrefecture,Japan."ForamonthIhadnoonetotalktoexceptmydogBaoli,"hewroteinhisbookAFortuneTellerToldMe.Terzanipassedthetimewithbooks,observingnature,"listeningtothewindsinthetrees,watchingbutterflies,enjoyingsilence".Forthefirsttimeinalongwhilehefeltfreefromtheunendinganxietiesofdailylife:"AtlastIhadtimetohavetime."Terzani'sembraceofisolationwasrelativelyunusual:humanshavelongconsideredsolitudeaninconvenience,somethingtoavoid,apunishment,arealmofloners.Sciencehasoftenassociateditwithnegativeoutcomes.Freud,wholinkedsolitudewithanxiety,notedthat,"Inchildrenthefirstfearsrelatingtosituationsarethoseofdarknessandsolitude."JohnCacioppo,amodemsocialneuro-scientistwhohasextensivelystudiedloneliness—whathecalls"chronicperceivedisolation"—contendsthat,beyonddamagingourthinkingpowers,isolationcanevenharmourphysicalhealth.Butincreasinglyscientistsareapproachingsolitudeassomethingthat,whenpursuedbychoice,canproveatherapy.Thisisespeciallytrueintimesofpersonaldisorder,whentheinstinctisoftenforpeopletoreachoutsideofthemselvesforsupport."Whenpeopleareexperiencingcrisis,it'snotalwaysjustaboutyou:It'sabouthowyouareinsociety,"explainsJackFong,asociologistatCaliforniaStatePolytechnicUniversitywhohasstudiedsolitude.Inotherwords,whenpeopleremovethemselvesfromthesocialcontextoftheirlives,theyarebetterabletoseehowthey'reshapedbythatcontext.ThomasMerton,amonkandwriterwhospentyearsalone,heldasimilarnotion."Wecannotseethingsinperspectiveuntilweceasetohugthemtoourbreast,"hewritesinThoughtsinSolitude."Peoplecangoforawalkorlistentomusicandfeelthattheyaredeeplyintouchwiththemselves."（1）.TizianoTerzanispentamonthaloneto________.

A.embraceisolation

√

B.studybutterflies

C.writeabook

D.lookafterhisdog解析：细节题（题目是不完整的陈述句）。方法是首先找题目中的关键词，进行精确定位，同义替换。通过关键词TizianoTerzani和amonthalone精确定位在第一段，embraceisolation替换ahugepsychologicalblessing，而且第二段开头embraceofisolation再现，所以选择A。选项B、C、D是embraceisolation的具体表现。（2）.Theword"solitude"（Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto"________".

A.growinganxious

B.feelingempty

C.beinghelpless

D.stayingalone

√解析：猜词题。方法是找到关键词，然后定位，解释一般在该词的前后。通过关键词solitude精确定位在第二段，根据“somethingtoavoid，apunishment，arealmofloners”，确定选择D“孤独”。A：“增长的焦虑”、B：“感觉到空虚”、C：“感到无能为力”三者的意思不确切。（3）.TheopinionsofFreudandCacioppoarecitedtoshowthat________.

A.childrentendtofeardarknessandsolitude

B.solitudepursuedbychoicecanbeatherapy

C.chronicisolationcanharminterpersonalrelations

D.solitudehaslongbeenlinkedwithnegativeoutcomes

√解析：例证题。论点一般在论据后面，根据theopinionsofFreudandCacioppo可以定位在第二段，由“Freud，wholinkedsolitudewithanxiety”和“JohnCacioppo…isolationcanevenharmourphvsicalhealth”两句话都可以看出消极后果，所以选择D。A比较肤浅，是弗洛伊德讲的内容，B相反，C无中生有，文中只谈及了thinkingpowers和physicalhealth。（4）.AccordingtoJackFong,thesenseofpersonalcrisismaybeinfluencedby________.

A.anisolatedlifestyle

B.mentaldisorder

C.lowself-esteem

D.socialcontext

√解析：细节题。用“JackFong，thesenseofpersonalcrisis”定位在第三段，it’sabouthowyouareinsociety和socialcontext同义替换，可知答案选择D。（5）.Themainideaofthepassageisthat________.

A.solitudeshouldbeavoidedatallcosts

B.anxietiesofdailylifemaycausepersonalcrisis

C.choosingtospendtimealonecanbeablessing

√

D.seekingsupportisuselessfortacklingpersonalcrisis解析：解题方法是通读全篇，正确答案出现在起承转合的地方。正确答案的特点是具有概括性、展望性和总结性。错误答案的特点是描述具体细节。由此可知，正确答案选择C。A与文意相反，B无中生有，D与主题没有关系。Scienceisfinallybeginningtoembraceanimalswhowere,foralongtime,consideredsecond-classcitizens.AsAnniePottsofCanterburyUniversityhasnoted,chickensdistinguishamongonehundredchickenfacesandrecognizefamiliarindividualsevenaftermonthsofseparations.Whengivenproblemstosolve,theyreason:henstrainedtopickcoloredbuttonssometimeschoosetogiveupanimmediate（lesser）foodrewardforaslightlylater（andbetter）one.Healthyhensmayaidfriends,andmournwhenthosefriendsdie.Pigsrespondmeaningfullytohumansymbols.WhenaresearchteamledbyCandaceCroneyatPennStateUniversitycarriedwoodenblocksmarkedwithXandOsymbolsaroundpigs,onlytheOcarriersofferedfoodtotheanimals.ThepigssoonignorestheXcarriersinfavoroftheO's.Thentheteamswitchedfromreal-lifeobjectstoaT-shirtsprintedwithXorOsymbols.Still,thepigsventuredonlytowardtheO-shirtedpeople:theyhadtransferredtheirknowledgetoatwo-dimensionalformat,anot-inconsiderablefeatofreasoning.Fairlysoon,Icametoseethatalongwithourclosestlivingrelatives,cetaceans（鲸目动物）tooaremastersofculturallearning,andelephantsexpressprofoundjoyandmourningwiththeirsocialcompanions.Long-termstudiesinthewildonthesemammalshelpedtofuelaperspectiveshiftinoursociety:thepublicnolongersoeasilyacceptsmonkeysmadetoundergopainfulproceduresinlaboratories,elephantsforcedtoperformincircuses,anddolphinskeptinsmalltanksatthemeparks.Overtime,though,asIbegantobroadenoutevenfurtherandexploretheinnerlivesoffish,chicken,pigs,goats,andcows,Istartedtowonder:Willthenewscienceof"foodanimals"bringanethicalrevolutionintermsofwhoweeat?Inotherwords,willthebreadthofourethicstarttocatchupwiththebreadthofourscience?Animalsactivistsarealreadythere,ofcourse,committedtonoteatingtheseanimals.Butwhatabouttherestofus?Canpayingattentiontothethinkingandfeelingoftheseanimalsleadustomakechangeinwhoweeat?（1）.AccordingtoAnniePotts,hens'choiceofalaterandbetterrewardindicatestheirabilityof________.

A.socialinteraction

B.facialrecognition

C.logicalreasoning

√

D.mutuallearning解析：推理题。A．“socialinteraction社会互动”，B．“facialrecognition面部识别”，C．“logicalreasoning逻辑推理”，D．“mutuallearning互相学习”。在本文第二段第二行“Whengivenproblemstosolve，theyreason：henstrainedtopickcoloredbuttonssometimeschoosetogiveupanimmediate（lesser）foodrewardforaslightlylater（andbetter）one．”可以得出答案，“hens’choiceofalaterandbetterrewardindicatestheirabilityoflogicalreasoning．（2）.Theexpression"not-inconsiderablefeat"（Para.3）showswhatpigcandois________.

A.extraordinary

√

B.weird

C.unique

D.understandable解析：词义理解题。文章第三段引用坎迪斯.克洛尼的实验来证明猪的思维转换能力。根据题干中的主题词定位于第三段最后一句。这句话中提到：“猪可以将他们的知识转化为一个二维格式，这是一种______的推理能力。由于之前缺乏对动物的研究，科学家转向动物研究之后，发现猪的这种推理能力使人们感到惊讶，并认为是不容忽视的。”由此推出not—inconsiderablefeat的含义是“不容小觑的非凡的技能”。A．extraordinary“非凡的，特别的”，与题干主题词意义接近，所以为正确选项。B．weird“奇怪的，怪诞的”；C．unique“唯一的，独特的，特有的”；D．understandable“能懂的，可理解的”。这三个选项均不符合文意。（3）.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Thesimilaritiesbetweenmammalsandhumans.

B.Thenecessityoflong-termstudiesnomammals.

C.Achangeofpublicattitudetothetreatmentofmammals.

√

D.Anewdiscoveryofhowmammalsthinkandfeel.解析：段落主旨题。A．“Thesimilaritiesbetweenmammalsandhumans．”意为“哺乳动物和人类之间的相同点”，在文中无体现。B．“Thenecessityoflong-termstudiesofmammals．”意为“哺乳动物长期研究的必要性”，在文中无体现。C．“Achangeofpublicattitudetothetreatmentofmammals．”符合文中第四段“Long—termstudiesinthewildonthesemammalshelpedtofuelaperspectiveshiftinoursociety：thepublicnolongersoeasilyacceptsmonkeysmadetoundergopainfulproceduresinlaboratories，elephantsforcedtoperformincircuses，anddolphinskeptinsmalltanksatthemeparks”，由此句可以看出对待哺乳动物公共态度的转变。D．“AnewdiscOVcryofhowmammalsthinkandfeel．”意为“一项关于哺乳动物如何思考和感知的新发现”，在文中无体现。（4）.Whatistheauthor'sviewoneating"foodanimals"?

A.Heregretseatingthembefore.

B.Heconsiderseatingthemjustifiable.

C.Heisnotconcernedabouttheissue.

D.Hecallsforachangeinwhatweeat.

√解析：态度题。A．“Heregretseatingthembefore．”意为“他后悔之前吃它们”。在文中无体现。B．“Heconsiderseatingthemjustifiable”“他认为吃他们是正当的”。在文中无体现。C．“Heisnotconcemedabouttheissue．”“他不关心这个问题”。在文中无体现。D．“Hecallsforachangeinwhatweeat．”“他呼吁改变我们吃的东西”。从文章最后一段能看出作者呼吁改变人类食用动物的观点“Animalsactivistsarealreadythere，ofcourse，committedtonoteatingtheseanimals．Butwhatabouttherestofus?Canpayingattentiontothethinkingandfeelingoftheseanimalsleadustomakechangeinwhoweeat?”（5）.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.InPraiseofFoodAnimals

B.FoodAnimalsinScienceReports

C.TheInnerLivesofFoodAnimals

√

D.FoodAnimals;Past,PresentandFuture.解析：主旨题。A．“InPraiseofFoodAnimals”“赞扬食用动物”，并非文章的主题。B．“FoodAnimalsinScienceReports”“科学报告中的食用动物”，较片面，不是文章的中心主题。C．“TheInnerLivesofFoodAnimals”“食用动物的内心生活”。本段文章讨论了食用动物的内心世界，符合文章中心。并且，文章最后也提出“Canpayingattentiontothethinkingandfeelingoftheseanimalsleadustomakechangeinwhoweeat?”。进一步证明应选C。D．“FoodAnimals：Past，PresentandFuture”“食用动物：过去，现在和未来”，偏离文章中心，不是本文的主题。Almosteightyearsago,theAmericaneducatorAbrahamFlexnerpublishedanarticleentitledTheUsefulnessofUselessKnowledge.Init,hearguedthatthemostpowerfulintellectualandtechnologicalbreakthroughsusuallyemergedfromresearchthatinitiallyappeared"useless",withoutmuchrelevancetoreallife.Asaresult,itwasvital,Flexnersaid,thatthese"useless"effortsshouldbesupported,eveniftheydidnotproduceanimmediatepayback,becauseotherwisethenextwaveofinnovationsimplywouldnotoccur."Curiosity,whichmayormaynotproducesomethinguseful,isprobablytheoutstandingcharacteristicofmodernthinking,"hedeclared.In1929,FlexnerpersuadedawealthyAmericanfamily,theBambergers,tousesomeoftheirdonationstofundtheInstituteforAdvancedStudy（IAS）atPrincetontosupportexactlythiskindof"undirected"research.Anditpaidoff:brilliantJewishscientistsfleeingfromNaziGermany,suchasAlbertEinstein,gatheredattheIAStoexploreundirectedideas.Andwhilesomeofthese,suchasEinstein'sownworkdevelopinghisearlytheoryofrelativity,didnotinitiallyseemvaluable,manyeventuallyproducedpowerfulapplications（thoughaftermanydecades）."WithoutEinstein'stheory,ourGPStrackingdeviceswouldbeinaccuratebyaboutsevenmiles,"writesRobbertDijkgraaf,thecurrentdirectoroftheIAS,intheforewordtoanewlyreleasedreprintofFlexner'sarticle.Conceptssuchasquantummechanics（量子力学）orsuperconductivityalsoseemedfairlyuselessatfirst—butyieldedhugedividendsatalaterdate.ThereasonwhytheIASisre-releasingFlexner'sarticlenowisthatscientistssuchasDijkgraaffearthiscoreprincipleisincreasingunderthreat.TheTrumpadministrationhasreleasedaprojectedbudgetthatthreatenstoreducefundingforthearts,scienceandeducationalgroups.ManyRepublicansbelievethatresearchisbetterfinancedbybusinessorphilanthropists（慈善家）thanbygovernment.ButonestrikingfactaboutthepastcenturyishowmuchAmericaninnovationoriginatedinfederalprojects;SiliconValleywouldneverhaveboomedwereitnotforthefactthatstatefundingenabledthedevelopmentoftheWorldWideWeb,forexample.（1）.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ThevalueofCreativeIdeas

B.TheImportanceofBasicResearch

C.InnovationinSiliconValley

D.InPraiseof"Useless"Endeavors

√解析：细节题。文章首段提到“TheUsefulnessofUselessKnowledge”（无用知识的有用之处）这本书名，紧接着对此进行了阐释，themostpowerfulintellectualandtechnologicalbreakthroughsusuallyemergedfromresearchthatinitiallyappeared“useless”（最强大的科技突破经常来自于看似没什么用处的研究）。后面的段落主要是通过一些例子来论证首段的观点。因此D选项（创新想法的价值）正确。A选项“创造性思维的重要性”只是第二段谈到的一个观点，不能概括全文。B选项“基础研究的重要性”，文章中没有谈到，排除。C选项“硅谷的创新发明”只是最后一段提到的一个例子，排除。（2）.AccordingtoAbrahamFlexner,whatisanimportantfeatureofmodernthinking?

A.Curiosity.

√

B.Application.

C.Devotion.

D.Passion.解析：细节题。根据文章第二段的末尾句“Curiosity，whichmayormaynotproducesomethinguseful，isprobablytheoutstandingcharacteristicofmodernthinking”，“theoutstandingcharacteristicofmodernthinking”是题干中“animportantfeatureofmodernthinking”的同意替换，都表示“现代思维的显著特征”。故A“好奇心”为正确答案。B“运用”、C“贡献”、D“热情”，在文中均没有涉及。（3）.The"undirected"research（Para.3）referstoresearch________.

A.notfundedbygovernmentagencies

B.withoutanypracticalpurposeinmind

√

C.withindefiniteexperimentalmethods

D.supportedbynon-profitorganizations解析：细节题。undirected的意思是“没有目标的，没有导向的”。根据第四段中“Andwhilesomeofthese…didnotinitiallyseemvaluable”可知，在最开始看起来没有什么价值的东西，往往能够成就一些事情，比如爱因斯坦的一些工作，在当时他并没有想好为什么要做这些事情，但后来却凭借这些事情成就了他的相对论。B选项“没有任何实际意图”符合题意。A选项“政府机构没有资助的研究”和D选项“非营利机构支持的研究”与题意无关，故排除。C选项容易误选，“不明确的实验方法”在文中没有提到。（4）.Examplesofinitially"useless"researchincludeallofthefollowingEXPECT________.

A.quantummechanics

B.theoryofrelativity

C.superconductivity

D.GPStrackingdevices

√解析：细节题。由“useless”research定位到第四和第五段，四个选项在文中都有提到，但是根据第五段的“WithoutEinstein'stheory，our-GPS—trackingdeviceswouldbeinaccuratebyaboutsevenmiles”这一句可知，GPStrackingdevices只是“theoryofrelativity”的产物，是一个实物，并不是理论。A、B、C一样，都是由起初看起来无用的研究发展而来的理论。（5）.Flexner'sarticlewasreprintedbecause________.

A.businessesinSiliconValleywishtoputpressureonthegovernment

B.Democratsbelievethatgovernmentfundingshouldgotosmallbusiness

C.Republicansarguethatscientificresearchshouldbefinancedbybusiness

D.somescientistsworrythatgovernmentwillcutitsfunding

√解析：细节题。最后一段讲的是共和党不愿意花钱去资助这些理论研究，所以这些科学家担心的是政府会削减投资。“fearthiscoreprincipleisincreasingunderthreat”中的“fear”与D选项中“worry”相照应，表示“担心”。In1902,GeorgesMeliesmadeandreleasedamoviecalledATriptotheMoon.Inthismovie,thespaceshipwasasmallcapsule,shapedlikeabullet,thatwasloadedintoagiantcannonandaimedatthemoon.ThismoviewasbasedonabookthatcameoutmanyyearsearlierbyanauthornamedJulesVerne.OneofthefansofthebookwasaRussianman,KonstantinTsiolkovsky.Thebookmadehimthink.Couldonereallyshootpeopleoutofacannonandhavethemgetsafelytothemoon?Hedecidedonecouldn't,butitgothimthinkingofotherwaysonecouldgetpeopletothemoon.Hespenthislifeconsideringthisproblemandcameupwithmanysolutions.SomeofTsiolkovsky'ssolutionsgavescientistsinAmericaandRussiaideaswhentheybegantothinkaboutspacetravel.Theyalsothoughtaboutairplanestheyandotherpeoplehadmade,andevenbigbombsthatcouldflythemselvesverylongdistances.Manyscientistsspentyearsworkingtogethertosolvetheproblem.Theydrewanddiscusseddifferentdesignsuntiltheyagreedontheonesthatwerethebest.Then,theybuiltmallmodelsofthosedesigns,andtestedthemuntiltheyfeltreadytobuildevenbiggermodels.Theymadefull-scalerockets,whichtheylaunchedwithoutanypeopleinside,totestforsafety.Oftentherocketsweren'tsafe,andtheyexplodedrightthereonthelaunchpad,orshotoffincrazydirectionslikeaballoonthatyoublowupandreleasewithouttyingitfirst.Aftermany,manytests,theystartedtosendsmallanimalsintospace.Onlyafteralongtimedidtheyeverputapersoninsidearocketandshoothimintospace.Evenaftertheybegansendingpeopleintospace,scientistswerestilltryingtoimprovetheshapeoftherockets.Thedesignchangedmanytimes,andeventuallyendeduplookinglikeahalf-rocketandhalf-airplane.Themachinecalledspaceshuttlewasusedformanyyears.Now,thegovernmentletsprivatecompaniestrytheirowndesignsforspaceships,andtheyhavecomeupwithmanydifferent,crazy-lookingmachines.（1）.InthemovieATriptotheMoon,thespaceshipwassenttothemoon________.

A.inacapsule

B.inabullet

C.byacannon

√

D.byagun解析：根据“…wasloadedintoagiantcannonandaimedatthemoon”可知，电影里的宇宙飞船是装在agiantcannon（大炮）里发射的，所以C选项正确。“capsule”只是thespaceship的属性，“bullet”是thespaceship的形状，byagun文中没有提到。（2）.Themoviewasbasedonabookwrittenby________.

A.KonstantinTsiolkovsky

B.anunknownauthor

C.GeorgesMelies

D.JulesVerne

√解析：细节题。根据第二段第一句“Thismoviewasbasedonabook…byanauthornamedJulesVerne”可知。（3）.Beforetheinventionofaspaceship,possiblesolutionsofspacetravelincludedallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.

A.bombs

B.balloons

√

C.airplanes

D.rockets解析：细节题。根据第三、四段可知，太空旅行的方式主要有三种，即第三段中提到的“Theyalsothoughtaboutairplanes”和“evenbigbombs”，以及第四段当中的“Theymadefull—scalerockets”。而用balloons的爆炸方式来形容rockets的不安全性，balloons只是一个喻体，所以选择B。（4）.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Ittookalongtimeandhardworktosendapersonintospac正确答案:E

B.AmericanscientistsworkedbetterthanRussianscientists.

C.ScientistsfromRussiaandAmericahadclosecooperation.

D.ThedesignoftherocketwasinspiredbythemovieATriptotheMoon.解析：细节题。根据第四段的内容，科学家们首先制造了全面系统的火箭，为了安全起见，没有载人，在经过多次实验后，他们开始把小动物送入太空。经过了很长一段时间后，才开始载人进入太空。由此可见，载人飞船需要经过反复的安全性测试才能载人，所以A选项符合题意。（5）.Theword"shoot"（Para.4）isclosestinmeaningto"________".

A.sendwithgreatforce

√

B.breakintomanypieces

C.fixaproblem

D.attackwithaweapon解析：词义题。“shoot”原意为“发射，击中”，结合第四段的内容，飞船需要花很长时间、经过反复的安全性测试才能载人进入太空，所以A选项符合题意。In2003,IwastoldbyarestaurantowneronaThaiislandthatlocalfishermenusedtowraptheirlunchinbananaleaves,whichtheywouldthencasuallytossoverboardwhendone.ThatwasOK,becausetheleavesdecayedandthefishatethemall.Butinthepastdecade,hesaid,plasticwraphadrapidlyreplacedbananaleaves,sothebeachwasedgedwithacrustofplastic.Thisisaworldwideproblem—wecan'tpointthefingeratThaifishermen.TheUKaloneproducesmorethan170mtonsofwasteeveryyear,muchofitfoodpackaging.Nowweliveinanabsurdagewhereapacketofcookiescanhavesevenlayersofwrapping.Whileithasrevolutionizedthewaywestoreandconsumefood,thereisnowsomuchofitthatlandfills（垃圾填埋场）can'tcope.Someofitispoisonous,andsomeofitneverdegrades.Itcantake450yearsforsometypesofplasticbottletobreakdown.Indeed,asRachelleStraussoftheUK'sZeroWasteWeeksays,weneveractuallythrowanything"away"—it'sreallyjustputsomewhereelse.It'seasytosaydespairatthescaleofhandingtheplasticwrap,butitisn'tbeyondhumanitytosolveit—lookathowtheworldtookactiononCFCs（含氯氟烃）:therearesignsthattheholeintheozonelayerisnowclosing.Foodpackagingoughttobeadoddle.Comment1WhileasanindividualIcandomybesttoavoidexcessivepackaging,itisreallyonlygovernmentregulationthatcanforcecorporationtochangetheirpractices.Comment2Ineverunderstandwhysupermarketchainsinsistoncoveringproductssuchasbananasandcucumbersinplasticwrap.Why?Theyhavetheirownpackaging—theskinorpeel!Comment3Ilovepackaging—ifit'swelldesignedofcourse.Ithelpsusbemorehygienicandpractical.Thesolutiontothesepackagingnecessitiesisclearlytoencouragetheuseofbio-degradablepackaging.Comment4Before,everythingwethrewoutwasbio-degradableandnowit'snot.Guessit'shardtochangethatbehaviorovernight.（1）.Whatistheauthor'sviewontheplasticprobleminThailand?

A.TheproblemisnotuniquetoThailan正确答案:D

B.Thereisnopointoverreactingtotheproblem.

C.Itisim