上海英语春考冲刺-形近词5阅读理解应用文作文S

一、高考形近词F1).fable寓言fatal/deadly致命的fatalflaw致命缺陷fatalerror(致命错误)fable指通过虚构故事(常含动物拟人化)传递道德或教训的短篇寓言，如《伊索寓言》。例句:Thefableofthetortoiseandthehareteachesusperseverance.龟免赛跑的寓言教会我们坚持.Childrenlovefablesbecausetheyareentertainingandinstructive.孩子们喜欢寓言,因为它们既有趣又有教育意义。fatal强调“不可避免的致命性”，多用于疾病、事故或命中注定的结局。例:Thecarcrashprovedfatalforthedriver.车祸对司机来说是致命的。deadly:侧重“杀伤力强或实际致死”，常用于武器、毒药等具象事物。例:Thesnakeinjectsdeadlyvenomintoitsprey.蛇将致命毒液注入猎物体内。2).fairy仙女，精灵fairly很;非常fairadj.公平的n.集市fairytale童话故事定义:fairy指西方文化中具有魔法的小型超白然生物，常带翅膀，形象多为善良或调皮.例句:Inthestory,afairygrantswishestothosewhohelpothers.(故事中，精灵会帮助他人的人实现愿望。)定义:fairly是程度副词，表示“相当、适度”，语气比very弱，多用于褒义或中性语境.例句:ShespeaksEnglishfairlywell.她的英语说得相当好。趣味联想:fairy(仙女)想象带翅膀的精灵在fair(集市)上跳舞，但fairly(很)吵闹!3).fashionable时尚的fantastic极好的fascinate使着迷:迷住fashionable定义:指符合当前流行趋势的，强调外观或风格的现代感。例句:Shealwayswearsfashionableclothes.她总是穿得很时尚。搭配:fashionabletrend时尚潮流fashionablebrand时尚品牌反义词:outdated(过时的)unstylish(不时尚的)fantastic定义:口语中表示“极好的、惊人的”，语气比good更强烈，类似amazing或wonderful。例句:Youdidafantasticjob.你做得太出色了。fascinate定义:指强烈吸引某人的注意力或兴趣，常因新奇或神秘感.例句:Themuseumfascinateschildren.博物馆让孩子们着迷。I'mfascinatedbyspaceexploration.我对太空探索很着迷.搭配:fascinating(形容词，迷人的)afascinatingbook(一本引人入胜的书)befascinatedwith/by对…着迷He'sfascinatedwithancienthistory.他对古代历史很着迷n./v.......le行得通的feather羽毛的featuren./v.特点;以......为特征feasible定义:指计划、想法或方法在现实中可以实施或实现，强调“实际可行性”。例句:Theprojectseemsfeasiblewithcurrenttechnology.以现有技术来看，这个项目是可行的。搭配:feasibilitystudy可行性研究feasiblesolution可行的解决方案反义词:impractical(不切实际的)infeasible(不可行的)feather定义:鸟类的羽毛，也可象征轻盈或脆弱。例句:Sheworeadresswithfeatherdetails.她穿了一件带羽毛装饰的裙子。搭配:lightasafeather轻如羽毛feature名词:某事物的显著特点或特色。动词:以……为特征;起重要作用例句:Thephone'smainfeatureisitslongbatterylife.这款手机的主要特点是续航长Thefilmfeaturesafamousactor,这部电影由一位著名演员主演。搭配:keyfeature关键特点featurein在……中起重要作用趣味造句:Afeasibleplantoprotectbirds’feathersbecameakeyfeatureoftheconservationproject.(一个保护鸟类羽毛的可行方案成为该保护项目的关键特点。)5).float漂浮flow流动blow爆炸:吹float定义:指物体因密度小于液体或气体而悬浮或移动，不沉底例句:Theballoonfloatedintothesky.气球飘向天空。搭配:floaton/above漂浮于……上近义词:drift(漂流)、hover(悬浮)flow定义:液体、气体或抽象事物(如时间、信息)的持续移动例句:Theriverflowsintothesea.河流汇入大海。Trafficflowssmoothlyinthemorning.早晨交通顺畅。搭配:flowsmoothly流动顺畅cashflow现金流近义词:stream(溪流)circulate(循环)blow爆炸:因压力或冲击力突然破裂。吹:用气流推动或发出声音。例句:Thetireblewout.(轮胎爆了。)Blowoutthecandles.(吹灭蜡烛。)搭配:blowup(爆炸;放大)blowaway(吹走:震惊)注意:过去式/过去分词:blew(吹)、blown(被吹)6).fluent流利的frequently频繁地fluent定义:指语言、表达或动作流畅、自然，无停顿或障碍。例句:ShespeaksfluentFrench.她法语说得很流利。Hiswritingstyleisfluentandclear.他的文笔流畅清晰。搭配:fluentin精通某种语言fluentspeech流畅的表达近义词:proficient熟练的smooth流畅的frequently定义:表示动作或事件发生次数多，频率高。例句:Hetravelsfrequentlyforwork.(他因工作频繁出差。)搭配:frequentlyaskedquestions(FAQ)常见问题occurfrequently(频繁发生)近义词:often(经常)、repeatedly(反复地)7).formal正式的former前者的，前任的formal定义:符合礼节、规范或官方要求的，与“informal(非正式的)”相对。例句:Themeetingwillbeheldinaformalsetting.(会议将在正式场合举行。)Sheworeaformaldresstotheceremony.(她穿着礼服出席仪式。)搭配:formallanguage(正式用语)formaleducation(正规教育)formalinvitation(正式邀请)近义词:official(官方的)、ceremonial(仪式的)former定义:前者的:指两者中先提到的那个(与latter后者相对)。前任的:指曾担任某职位的人例句:Iprefertea;formerismyfavorite.(我喜欢茶;前者是我的最爱。)Theformerpresidentgaveaspeech.(前任总统发表了讲话。)搭配:theformer..thelatter..(前者...后者...)formercolleague(前任同事)formerstudent(往届学生)近义词:previous(之前的)、ex(前缀，表示“前任”，如exwife前妻)8).frame框架fame名声frame定义:名词:指支撑结构或容器的边框(如窗户、画框)，或抽象概念中的“框架”(如理论框架、时间框架)动词:指“设计框架”或“陷害”(如fameaplan设计计划，framesomeone陷害某人)。例句:Thephotolooksbetterinawoodenframe.(照片装在木框里更好看。)Thereportisbasedonatheoreticalframe.(报告基于一个理论框架。)Hewasframedforthecrime.(他被陷害了。)搭配:frameofreference(参考框架)timeframe(时间范围)outlinetheframe(勾勒框架)近义词:structure(结构)、skeleton(骨架)fame定义:指因成就、行为或媒体传播而获得的广泛知名度例句:Sheachievedfameovernight.(她一夜成名。)Hisfamespreadacrossthecountry.(他的名声传遍全困。)搭配:risetofame(成名)internationalfame(国际声誉)seekfame(追求名声)近义词:reputation(声誉)、celebrity(名人)G1).gain获得grain谷物grade等级gain定义:动词:通过努力或自然过程取得某物(如财富、知识、速度等)名词:指“收益”或“增加”(如financialgain经济收益)。例句:Shegainedapromotionafteryearsofhardwork.(她多年努力后获得了晋升。)Thepanyaimstogainmoremarketshare.(公司旨在获得更多市场份额。)搭配:gainexperience(积累经验)gainweight(增重)gainmomentum(获得动力)近义词:acquire(获取)、obtain(取得)grain定义:指小麦、稻米等农作物的颗粒，或木材/金属的纹理。例句:Farmersharvestgraininautumn.(农民在秋季收割谷物。)Thewoodhasafinegrain.(木材纹理细腻。)搭配:grainofsalt(持保留态度，如Takeitwithagrainofsalt)coarsegrain(粗颗粒)近义词:cereal(谷物)、seed(种子)grade定义:名词:指质量、成绩或职位的分级(如Agrade优等)动词:指“评分”或“分等级”(如gradeexams批改试卷)。例句:Thiswineispremiumgrade.这款酒是特级品质。Teachersgradestudents’papers.老师给学生的试卷评分。搭配:gradepointaverage(GPA)(平均绩点)upgrade/downgrade(升级/降级)近义词:level(级别)rank(排名)二、语法填空1.ThereisafamoussayingbasedonthephilosophyofAristotle:“Wearewerepeatedlydo."2.LittleRosecareaboutherownsafety,thoughshewasingreatdangerherself.3.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.4.Thereisnobetterplacetogetdelicious,filling,funandgloriousfoodinoneofthemanywetmarketsinShanghai.5.Thepoliceofferarewardtofindsthemissingluggageofthisoldlady.6.Hewonthebadmintonmatchthefactthathewasplayingwiththewronghand.7.Live,highdetailsatellitemappingcouldprobablybeusedtokeeptagsonanybodyatanytime,theperson'sknowledge.8.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,lthinkofDonnie.Hewasshy,nervousperfectionist.9.Likemanythingsinlife,it'songoingprocess,andthebestpartoftheprocessisthatthere'senoughroomforimprovement,meansyou'lljustkeepgettingbetterandbetter.10.We'vedecidedtoholdameetinginhonourallthepeoplethathavehelpedusout.11.Idoubtthescientificbreakthroughwillhaveaprofoundimpactonthefieldofmedicine.12.Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyonhegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.13.Whilethere'snosolidevidencepreservativesarebad,manypeopledon'tlikechemicalsintheirfood.14.Howeverdarktheroadaheadis,alwayskeepyourheaduptotheskybecausethat'syourdreamslie.15.Thepanyrunsaclientcenteredmanagementaimistoengagepeople,involvethemandempowerthem.16.Thesizeandshapeofyournoseisdeterminedbytheclimateyoulive,accordingtoanewresearch.17.Therearebirdswhichkicktheiryoungoutatanearlystagetheycanproducenewchicks.18.IwouldalwaysliketodobusinesswiththosepeopleIcanrely.19.Youhavetoletusstruggleforourselves,wemustdieintheprocess.thedietisn'tspecificallydesignedforweightloss,manystudieshavedemonstratedthatsomefishmeatcouldleadtoweightloss.21.TimgotemotionalduringhiseventinNewYorkCityTuesdaynightrecallinghisrecentconversationwithdad.22.We'dbetterleaveamessageattheinformationdesksomebodyshouldeandvisitus.23.Peoplesharedtheirfood,ice,andgasoline.Peoplewhostillhadpoweropenedtheirhomestowhohadnone.三、阅读理解高考题型和解题技巧通过详细分析历年高考英语试卷，我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下几种题型:主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题(含写作意图、目的等)，词义猜测题。英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略是学生提高阅读理解多需要具备的。(一)主旨大意题(几乎每年高考都有，1~3题)这类题在设题时常会用到title,subject,mainidea,topic,theme等词1.归纳标题题特点:短小精悍，一般多为一个短语;涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思;精确性强，表达范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。常见命题形式有:What'sthebesttitleforthetext?Thebesttitleforthispassageis.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?例题精讲:例1:RoberF,Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslife.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisafaultyconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry'seconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytotransformedgrowthintowellbeingthrowssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteria(标准)fromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreprehensiveassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabudding(初见端倪的)economicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhueimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,ineequalityandtheenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthemeremeasureofacountry'ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostmonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutesallthingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwellbeing.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwellbeingandforgrowth,ButpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwellbeingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheheralded(预示的)disasterandmayevenseeprogress.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HighGDPButInadequatewellbeing,aUKLessonB.GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealthC.RebortF.Kennedy,apersonputsanendtoGDPD.Brexit,theUK'sGatewaytoWellbeing例2:Despitebeingusedby1.34billionpeopleeachyear,travelingontheTubeinLondoncanactuallybequitelonely.Onecitizen,however,istryingtochangethis.“YougetontheTubeandit'spletelysilentandit'sweird,"saysJonathanDunne,whohasstartedaworldwidedialogueaftergivingoutbadges(徽章)withthewords“Tubechat?"lastmonth,encouragingpassengersinLondontogettalkingtooneanother.“Ihandedout500badgesduringrushhourinacityof8million,expectingmostofthemtobethrownaway,butafterabout24hoursitpletelysnowballed,"hesays.Dunneandhis“Tubechat"campaignhavesincebeenreportedbymediaacrosstheworld,seeingTVinterviewsinSweden,BrazilandtheUK,aswellascountlesswebsite,newspaperandmagazineappearances.AlthoughDunnesayshe,sreceivedmostlypositivefeedback,noteveryoneagreeswithhisidea.LondonerBrianWilsonrespondedwithacampaignofhisown,handingout500badgeswiththewords“Don'teventhinkaboutit"onthem.MichaelRobinson,24,astudentfromLondon,agrees.“BeingontheTubeistheonlypeaceandquietsomepeoplegetontheirjourneystoandfromwork,Itdoesn'tneedtobespoiledbypeopleingupandchattingtoyou,"hesays.“PeopleassumethatIjustwalkupandtalktostrangers,whichIdon't,butit'sbeenagreatwaytomeetpeopleyouwouldneverhavenormallyspokento,”Dunnesays.SoifyoueverendupusingpublictransportintheWest,whynotsayhellotothepersonnexttoyou?Justmakesuretocheckforabadgefirst.1.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TubeChatorNotB.LonelyTravelintheLondonTubeC.SilenceontheTubeD.TubePassengersWearingBadges2.概括大意题包括寻找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(mainidea)，常见命题形式有:Whatisthegeneral/mainideaofthepassage?Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainidea?Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat.Thepassage/textismainlyabout.What'sthearticlemainlyabout?例1:Thisisalistoftheoriginsofsomeslangwordsorphrasesthatwealluseregularly.ThesewordsaremoninalmostallEnglishspeakingnations.......1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Themostmonlyusedslangwordsintheworld.B.TheoriginsofsomemostmonlyusedslangwordsorphrasesC.TheoriginsofEnglishwordsandphrases.DmonwordsandphrasesinEnglishspeakingcountries解题技巧:阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文，这两种文体的结构可归纳为:提出问题论述问题得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章，抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点。主题句在文章中的位置主要有以下几种情况:位于段首:一般而言，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第一句是否为主题句，可具体分析段落的首句与第二，三句的关系；如果从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明，论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，如forexample,anexampleof,first,second,next,last,finally,tobeginwith,also,besides,one,theother,some,others等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。例1:Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven’teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplantandfreshfruit.0therscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfastfoods:ahamburgerorhotdog.Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.位于段尾:有些文章会在开头列举事实，然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，最好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主题句的特征，段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时,主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。如so,therefore,thus，consequently;inconclusion,inshort;inaword,tosumup等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号时，学生可在段落的最后一句话前面添加一个引出结论的信号词,以确定其是否是主题句。例2:AmericansmightbeembarrassedbecausetheirJapanesefriendsaresoformalwiththem.JapanesemightfeelinsultedbecauseAmericanacquaintancesgreetthemcasually.Still,theformsofgreetinginbothcountriesonlyshowrespectforothers.ItjusthappensthatAmericansandJapanesehaveadifferentwayoflookingathumanrelationshipsandthushaveadifferentwayofshowingrespect.位于段中:有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现。归纳起来主要有两种情况:先提出问题，然后给予回答(主题句)，最后给予解释;或者，先提出问题，然后点出主题思想(主题句)，最后给予解释。例3:InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket.Ford,GeneralMotors,andChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.ThefloodofcheaperforeigncarshasnotcostAmericanautoworkerstheirjobassomeexpertsexpected.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustralia'sbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiablesociety.首尾呼应:主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容，但用词不尽相同，这样不但强调了主题思想，而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单重复，后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述，或对要点作一概括，或使之引中留给读者去思考。无明确主题句:找关键词(出现频率较高)，归纳总结。注意：新题型中有一个选项是干扰项，解答此类题时同学易犯以下三种错误：

表述过于片面，只涵盖该段个别细节；

(2)表述太过于笼统，已经超出该段的内容；

(3)表述与段落内容无关，在段落中找不到相关依据（二）细节理解题考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，大家需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。1.事实细节题→寻读法

分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who,what,which,when,where,why和how提问，或判断正误；后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。常见命题形式有：Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

Allthefollowingarementionedexcept

Whichofthefollowingismentioned(notmentioned)?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/right/false/wrongabout…?

2.排列顺序题→首尾定位法（找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围）

常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。常见命题形式有：

Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderof…?

WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofsignalsdescribedinParagraph…?3.图文匹配题→按图索骥理清线索

设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。4.数字计算题→（方法：审题→带着问题找细节→对比、分析、计算）

可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。(三)推理判断题主要考查大家对文章中隐含或深层的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断，包括考生对作者观点的理解，态度的判断，对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。题干关键词：infer(推断),indicate(象征，暗示),imply/suggest(暗示),conclude(作出结论),assume(假定，设想)1.细节推理判断题

一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断，常见命题形式有：Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthetextthat__________.

Theauthorimplies/suggeststhat_____.Wemayinferthat_________.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedbutNOTstated?

2.预测推理判断题

根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测，常见命题形式有：Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenif/when…?

Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite_3.推测文章来源或读者对象

常见命题形式有：Thepassageisprobablytakeoutof_____Thepassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_____Wheredoesthistextprobablyefrom?4.写作意图、目的、态度推断题

作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。询问写作目的的题，选项里常出现的词是：explain(解释),prove(证明),persuade(劝说),advise(劝告),ment(评论),praise(赞扬),criticize(批评),entertain(娱乐),demonstrate(举例说明),argue(辩论),tell(讲述),analyze(分析)等。询问语气态度的题，选项里常出现的词是：neutral(中立的),sympathetic(同情的),satisfied(满意的),friendly(友好的),enthusiastic(热情的),subjective(主观的),objective(客观的),matteroffact(实事求是的),pessimistic(悲观的),optimistic(乐观的),critical(批评的),doubtful(怀疑的),hostile(敌对的),indifferent(冷淡的),disappointed(失望的)。常见命题形式

Thepurposeofthetextis____.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?Bymentioning…,theauthoraimstoshowthat_____.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards…?

Whatistheauthor’sopinionon…?

Theauthor’stoneinthispassageis__.解答技巧

推断题是考查大家透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据，切莫主观臆断。

①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。

②推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。

③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断。（四）词义猜测题考点：①猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义②对文中的多义词或词组进行定义③判断某个代词的指代的对象。常见命题形式有：Theunderlinedword/phraseinthesecondparagraphmeans_____.

Theword“it/they”inthelastsentencerefersto______.

Theword“…”（Line6.para.2）probablymeans______.

Theword“…”（Line6.para.2）couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword“…”?解答技巧

1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等)表示前因后果。

例如：Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat，foritwasn'thisfault.

通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。

2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词

通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happyandgay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus，Mars，andJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：Heissohomely，notatallashandsomeashisbrother.根据notatall...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

3.通过构词法猜词

根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词词义。如：Sheisunlikelytohavestolenthemoney.(“un”含否定意义，故为“不太可能”之意。)

4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义

例如：Butsometimes，norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而adryperiod和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，thatis，inotherwords，becalled或破折号等来表示。5.通过句法功能来推测词义

例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。

6.通过描述猜词

描述即作者对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughitcannotfly，itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。

7.根据常识猜词

如：Thedoorwassolowthathehithisheadonthelintel.（lintel“过梁”。）Afraidofwakingthebabyup,shetiptoedoutoftheroom.（tiptoed“踮着脚走，蹑手蹑脚”）四、重点单词&词组重要考点汇编&应用文写作翻译1.影视剧中虚构的情节往往被误认为是真实生活。(mistake)2.今年年末,上海所有的公共收费停车场都将使车主能使用数字支付,比如交通卡、支付宝、微信和ETC。(enable)3.据报道数以百计的消防员正在参加营救行动。4.这位伟大的科学家以他杰出的学术成就,坚强的意志和乐观的态度著称于世。(known)5.与成年人相比，年轻人更容易犯错误是因为他们不够成熟，缺少经验。(likely)6.在澳大利亚期间，他养成了每天和父母视频通话的习惯。(habit)7.应该采取措施阻止新病毒的蔓延。(stop)8.为何不利用这宜人的天气出去野餐呢?(advantage)应用文专题高考加分背诵篇1.Itisagreathonorformetointroducetoyouoneofmyverybestfriend,LiuXiang.很荣幸给你介绍我的一位好朋友，刘翔。2.ingfromafamilyofEnglishteachers,shealwayshadaparticularinterestinEnglish.出于英语教师世家的她，对英语有着特别的兴趣。描写人物性格的高级得分词汇如下:diligent勤奋的c]energetic精力充沛的humorous幽默的attractive有吸引力的modest谦虚的optimistic乐观的talkative健谈的enthusiastic热情的3.IhavefullyrealizedthatEnglishisessentialtomyfuture.我充分认识到英语对我的未来是多么的重要。4.[supposeelectronicdictionariesareconvenient,butleadtolaziness!我觉得电子字典很方便，但会使人们变懒。5.Inconclusion,theadvantagesofstudyingabroadoutweighitsdisadvantages.总之,出国留学的优点要大于它的缺点。6.Now,Ithinkitisreallysuccessfulexperience,andItotallyunderstandwhatlabormeans.现在，我想这真是一次成功的经历，并且我完全理解了劳动的意义。7.Fromthisearthquake,Irealizedthatthepowerofthemassisendless.通过这次的地震，我认识到了群众的力量是无穷的。8.Ifyouhavesparetimetovisitmyhometown,I'dbemorethanhappytobeyourguide.如果你有空闲时间我的家乡做客，我会非常乐意做你的导游。9.Nowadays,bothteachersandparentsworryagreatdealaboutthestudent'susingtheInternet.如今，老师和家长都对学生上网现象极为担心。10.Viewsontheissueinquestionvaryfrompersontoperson.对于该问题的看法因人而异11.Weareblessedwithnewopportunitiesandfacedwithnewchallenges.我们被赋予新的机会和面临着新的挑战。12.Ireallyappreciatewhatyou'vedoneformyfamilyandme.我衷心感谢你为我和我家人所做的一切。13.WeshouldbeverygratefulifyouhelpourchildrenwiththeirEnglishstudy.如果你帮助我们小孩学英语。Directions:WriteanEnglishpositionin120150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.在不断发展的教育环境中，学生们在课堂上记笔记的方式也发生了显著的变化。为了更深入地了解这一趋势，明启中学学生会决定展开一项有关“高中生记笔记方式”的调查，想了解高中生在课堂上更青味使用传统纸笔记笔记还是现代高科技产品拍照记笔记。假设你是李华，请给学生会写一封邮件表达你的想法。你的邮件必须满足以下要求:你的选择;你的理由。注:文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。【高级备用单词和词组】1.intheconstantlyevolvingeducationallandscape在不断发展的教育环境中2.undergosignificantchanges经历显著变化3.gaindeeperinsights获得更深入的了解4.carryoutaprehensiveinvestigation进行全面调查5.optfortraditionalpenandpapernotetaking选择传统的纸笔记笔记6.embracemoderntechnologicaladvancements接受现代技术的进步7.capturenotesthroughmodernhightechdevices通过现代高科技设备记录笔记8.assumetheroleofaparticipant扮演参与者的角色9.drawconclusionsbasedonthoroughanalysis基于彻底分析得出结论10.expresspersonalviewpointsandrationale表达个人观点和理由11.advocateforaspecificapproach倡导特定方法12.facilitateeffectivelearningstrategies促进有效的学习策略13.enhancecognitiveprocesses提高认知过程14.stimulateactiveengagementinthelearningprocess刺激学习过程中的积极参与15.optimizeeducationaloutes优化教育结果16.exhibitcriticalthinkingskills展示批判性思维能力【模板套句】开头:1.Iamwritingtoexpressmyviewsonthetopicofnotetakingmethodsinhighschoolclassrooms.(我写信是为了表达我对高中课堂记笔记方式的观点。)2.Iamwritingtosharemyperspectiveonthepreferencefortraditionalpapernotesversusmoderntechnologybasednotetakingmethodsamonghighschoolstudents.(我写信是为了分享我对高中生对传统纸笔记和现代科技笔记方式的偏好的看法。)3.Iamwritingtocontributemythoughtsonthechangingtrendsinnotetakingstrategieswithintheevolvingeducationallandscape.(我写信是为了贡献我对不断发展的教育环境中记笔记策略变化趋势的看法。)4.Iamwritingtodiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusingtraditionalpapernotesversusmoderntechnologyfornotetakinginhighschoolclassrooms.(我写信是为了讨论在高中课堂上使用传统纸笔记与现代科技记笔记方式的优缺点。)中间行文:1.Inmyopinion,usingmoderntechnologyfornotetakingpurposescangreatlyenhancestudents'learningefficiencyandeffectiveness.(在我看来，使用现代科技记笔记可以极大地提高学生的学习效率和效果。)2.Ibelievethattraditionalpapernoteshavetheirownadvantages,suchaspromotingbetterfocusandprehensionduringlecture,(我相信传统纸笔记有其自身的优势，比如在讲座期间促讲更好的专注和理解。)3.Ithinkthatthechoicebetweentraditionalpapernotesandmoderntechnologybasednotetakingmethodsdependsonindividualpreferencesandlearningstyles.(我认为在传统纸笔记和现代科技笔记方式之间的选择取决于个人偏好和学习风格。)五、课后作业1.Attherehearsalforthecharityshow,thetrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud,butIwasn'tbotheredbyhisloudnessbyhislackoftalent.A.thanB.morethanC.asD.somuchas2.Franklyspeaking,suchefficientstrategiesforreadingeverystudentcouldbenefitfrominlearningshouldbeappliedinEnglishcourses.A.whenB.thatC.asD.where3.Theguidelinesaimtopreventthegrowingpracticeofyoungchildreninawaythatpushesthembeyondwhatchildrenattheirageshouldlearn.A.educatedB.toeducateC.beingeducatedD.educating,thecraftsmandecidedtopassontheskillatcarvingjadetohim.A.Theyoungman'sbeinginterestedB.TheyoungmanbeinginterestedC.TheyoungmanisinterestedD.Theyoungmantobeinterested5.WasGrandpagladtoseehisoldfriendsatthealumnigatheringyesterday?Yes,hewas.Hehisoldfriendsforyears.A.hasn'tseenB.hadn'tseenC.didn'tseeD.wouldn'tsee6.Sustainabledevelopmentisallaboutcreatingbetterhealthcare,education,housingandimprovedstandardoflivingforeveryone,whichisasimpleidea,ishardtoputintopractice,especiallyindevelopingandunderdevelopedcountries.A.oneB.theoneC.onethatD.that7.It'ssaidthatinBrazilandotherLatinAmericancountries,mealscanforhoursthere'snosuchthingasrushingameal.A.arrangeB.spillC.functionD.stretch