第6讲动词时态语态-2（原卷版）

第6讲动词时态语态22026年高考语法专项突破（全国通用）（语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练）内容提要思维导图表格呈现对点练习单题突破综合提升一、核心进阶时态（主动语态）用法表此表格聚焦本讲核心的4种进阶时态（现在完成时、过去完成时、一般将来时、将来进行时），明确各时态的主动结构、核心功能及时间标志词，是解决“动作先后逻辑”“未来动作状态”的基础框架。类别主动语态结构核心功能高频时间标志词现在完成时have/has+done（如havedone,hasworked）1.过去发生的动作持续到现在（常与时间段连用）2.过去发生的动作对现在造成影响（结果可见）for+时间段，since+过去时间/从句，already,yet,sofar,uptonow,inthepast5years过去完成时had+done（如haddone,hadworked）表“过去的过去”——在过去某一动作之前已完成的动作，强调动作先后顺序by+过去时间（如by2023,bylastFriday）,before/after+过去时态从句，untilhecame一般将来时1.will/shall+do（如willdo,shallwork）2.begoingto+do（如amgoingtodo）1.预测未来发生的动作（无计划依据）2.计划、打算或有迹象要发生的动作tomorrow,nextweek/month,in2025,soon,thisSunday将来进行时willbe+doing（如willbedoing,willbeworking）1.未来某一具体时刻正在进行的动作2.未来习惯性、持续性的动作（不含主观计划）at3o'clocktomorrowafternoon,thistimenextMonday,from8to9tomorrowmorning注意事项：1.现在完成时的“持续”与“影响”区分：若句中含“for/since”等时间段标志，表“持续”；若含“already/yet”或强调结果，表“影响”，不可混用（如“Hehaslivedherefor10years”表持续，“Hehasfinishedhishomework”表影响）；2.过去完成时的“过去的过去”逻辑：必须有明确的“过去时间参照点”（如过去时态的动词、by+过去时间），无参照点不可用（错误：Hehadeatenbreakfast.正确：Hehadeatenbreakfastbeforehewenttoschool.）；3.一般将来时的“will”与“begoingto”差异：表“计划/迹象”用“begoingto”（如Look!It'sgoingtorain.），表“临时决定/预测”用“will”（如Iwillhelpyou.）。【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空1. Mybrother________(learn)Englishformorethanfiveyears,andhecannowmunicatefluently.2. Bythetimewearrivedatthecinema,themovie________(begin),sowemissedtheopeningscene.3. Myparents________(visit)mygrandparentsinthecountrysidenextweekendtocelebratetheiranniversary.4. Atthistimetomorrowafternoon,I________(attend)animportantmeetingwithmycolleaguesinthepany.5. Sofar,ourteam________(win)threepetitionsthisyear,andwearepreparingforthenextone.二、进阶时态（被动语态）用法表此表格梳理4种进阶时态的被动结构、功能及转换逻辑，解决“复杂时态下动作承受关系”的判断问题。类别被动语态结构核心功能主动→被动转换示例现在完成时被动have/hasbeen+done（如havebeendone,hasbeenworked）1.过去的被动动作持续到现在2.过去的被动动作对现在造成影响主动：Theyhavebuiltthebridge.→被动：Thebridgehasbeenbuiltbythem.过去完成时被动hadbeen+done（如hadbeendone,hadbeenworked）表“过去的过去”已完成的被动动作，强调被动动作的先后顺序主动：Hehadfinishedthereportbeforethemeeting.→被动：Thereporthadbeenfinishedbyhimbeforethemeeting.一般将来时被动1.willbe+done（如willbedone）2.begoingtobe+done（如amgoingtobedone）表未来要发生的被动动作，或有计划的被动安排主动：Theywillholdthemeetingtomorrow.→被动：Themeetingwillbeheldbythemtomorrow.将来进行时被动willbebeing+done（如willbebeingdone,willbebeingworked）表未来某一时刻正在进行的被动动作，强调“被动动作的进行状态”主动：Theywillberepairingtheroadatthistimetomorrow.→被动：Theroadwillbebeingrepairedbythematthistimetomorrow.注意事项：1.被动语态的“助动词叠加”规则：进阶时态被动需同时满足“时态助动词”与“被动助动词be”，如现在完成时被动=“have/has”（时态助动词）+“been”（被动助动词）+过去分词，不可遗漏“been”（错误：Theworkhasdone.正确：Theworkhasbeendone.）；2.将来进行时被动的“场景限制”：该时态被动表“未来某时刻正在被……”，日常语境中使用频率较低，需结合具体时间标志词判断（如“atthistimetomorrow”），不可随意使用；3.“by+执行者”的省略原则：与基础时态被动一致，若无需强调动作执行者，可省略“by+主语”（如“Thebookhasbeentranslated.”），强调执行者时保留。【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空1. Alltheimportantdocuments________(send)tothemanagerbyemailalready,soyoudon’tneedtohandtheminpersonally.2. Theoldbuilding________(pull)downbytheendoflastyeartomakeroomforanewshoppingmall.3. Anewlibrary________(build)inourschoolnextyear,whichwillprovidemorebooksforstudents.4. At9o'clocktomorrowmorning,theimportantmeeting________(hold)bythepany'sseniormanagement.5. Thedifficultproblem________(discuss)forseveraldaysbeforewefinallyfoundasolution.三、语法填空题型专项考查表此表格结合文档“语法填空”模块（“填入适当单词”“用所给单词正确形式填空”），梳理本讲进阶时态语态在该题型中的核心考点、解题逻辑及示例。类型考点要求解题逻辑步骤示例给动词填形式用所给动词的进阶时态/被动形式填空（如括号内给do，填hasdone/hadbeendone等）1.判动作逻辑：主动（主语是执行者）vs被动（主语是承受者）2.判时间/先后：根据标志词/语境确定时态（如“since”→现在完成时，“by+过去时间”→过去完成时）3.定形式：结合时态+语态写正确形式1.Theproject______(plete)sofar.（主语是承受者，“sofar”→现在完成时被动，填hasbeenpleted）2.Hetoldmehe______(finish)theworkbeforeIarrived.（“beforeIarrived”→过去完成时，主动，填hadfinished）无提示填单词填入适当的助动词（have/has/had/will）或be动词（am/is/are/was/were），构成进阶时态/被动1.析句子结构：判断谓语是否缺“时态助动词”或“被动助动词”2.判时态：根据时间标志/上下文确定时态3.定单词：结合时态、单复数确定助动词/be动词1.Themeeting______beenputoffuntilnextweek.（“untilnextweek”→现在完成时，主语单数，填has）2.Anewhospital______bebuiltinourcitynextyear.（“nextyear”→一般将来时被动，填will）注意事项：1.无提示填单词的“助动词判断”：需先通过时间标志词确定时态（如“sofar”→现在完成时），再根据主语单复数确定助动词（如主语单数用has，复数用have），不可盲目填will/had；2.给动词填形式的“被动优先”：若主语是动作承受者（如“project”“meeting”），优先考虑被动语态，再结合时态确定形式（如“project”+“sofar”→现在完成时被动）；3.避免“时态混淆”：重点区分现在完成时（“since+过去时间”）与过去完成时（“by+过去时间”），不可用错助动词（错误：HehasfinishedtheworkbylastFriday.正确：HehadfinishedtheworkbylastFriday.）。【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空1. Theproject________(plete)successfullysofar,andweareveryproudofourachievements.2. Shetoldmethatshe________(read)thenovelbeforeherfriendremendedittoher.3. Anewpark________beenbuiltinourmunityrecently,whichhasbeeapopularplaceforresidentstorelax.4. Theimportantmeeting________beheldinthebighalltomorrowmorning,soweneedtopreparetheequipmentinadvance.5. Bythetimethestormstopped,manyhousesinthesmallvillage________(destroy)bythestrongwinds.四、易错点对比辨析表此表格针对本讲高频易错点（时态混淆、被动语态误用），通过“错误正确”对比明确规则，帮助规避典型错误。类型错误表达正确表达核心规则总结现在完成时vs过去完成时混淆HehasleftbeforeIcame.（错误：“beforeIcame”是过去时间参照点，需用过去完成时）HehadleftbeforeIcame.有“过去时间参照点”（如过去时态从句），表“过去的过去”用过去完成时；无参照点，表“持续到现在”用现在完成时一般将来时被动遗漏“be”Theexamwillholdnextmonth.（错误：主语“exam”是承受者，缺被动助动词be）Theexamwillbeheldnextmonth.一般将来时被动结构为“willbe+过去分词”，不可遗漏“be”，且过去分词不可变原形现在完成时与“过去时间”连用错误HehasvisitedBeijinglastyear.（错误：“lastyear”是过去时间点，不可与现在完成时连用）HevisitedBeijinglastyear./HehasvisitedBeijingsincelastyear.现在完成时不可与“lastyear/yesterday”等过去时间点连用，可与“since+过去时间”（时间段）连用将来进行时表“计划”错误WewillbehavingapartynextSunday.（错误：“nextSunday”表计划，用一般将来时更合适，将来进行时表“周日某时刻正在开”）WewillhaveapartynextSunday.将来进行时表“未来某时刻正在进行”，表“未来计划”优先用一般将来时（willdo/begoingtodo）注意事项：1.时间标志词的“专属匹配”：不同进阶时态对应固定标志词（如“sofar”只配现在完成时，“by+过去时间”只配过去完成时），需牢记匹配关系，避免混用；2.被动语态的“时态一致性”：被动结构中的助动词（be/have/has/had）需与时态保持一致，如过去完成时被动用“hadbeen”，现在完成时被动用“have/hasbeen”，不可交叉使用（错误：Theworkhadbeendonesofar.正确：Theworkhasbeendonesofar.）；3.语境逻辑优先：若无明确时间标志词，需通过动作先后关系判断时态（如“他说他之前见过她”，“见过”在“说”之前，用过去完成时：Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.）。【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空1. He________(finish)hishomeworkbeforehismothercamebackhomeyesterdayevening.2. Thesportsmeeting________(hold)inourschoolnextmonth,soallstudentsarebusypreparingforit.3. Mysister________(visit)Shanghailastyear,andshehasnotbeentheresincethen.4. We________(have)apicnicintheparknextSunday,andwehavealreadyboughtallthefood.5. Bytheendoflastmonth,thefactory________(produce)morethan10,000newcarsthisyear.一、语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空1．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）We(hold)afreetastersessionon23rdMay,at10am,todemonstratethevarietyofeffectiveandactiveexercises.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.They(move)onthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.(所给词的适当形式填空)3．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）He(attend)thelecturehementionedyesterdayat8o’clockthisevening.(所给词的适当形式填空)4．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Atthistimenextweek,we(lie)onthebeachinaholidaymode.(所给词的适当形式填空)5．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Sofar,ourcountry(make)greatachievementsinmanyfields.(所给词的适当形式填空)6．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Ifyouhavekids,andthey(notsee)thisfilmyet,it’ssafetosaythey’denjoyit.(所给词的适当形式填空)7．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Sinceitdrewrecentmediaattention,Woon(hear)fromresortsandrestaurantsin10countries,includingtheUnitedStates.(所给词的适当形式填空)8．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Whileonlineshopping(change)ourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.(所给词的适当形式填空)9．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）TheweekIturned50,mymarriagecametoasuddenend.Myhouse,furnitureandeverythingI(own)wassoldtopaydebtsthatIdidn’tknowexisted.(所给词的适当形式填空)10．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Duetothehardtrainingthey(do)before,theirperformanceswereveryimpressive.(所给词的适当形式填空)11．（2223高一上·上海·假期作业）Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.I(know)forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.（所给词的适当形式填空）12．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Foryoungpeople,itwasthefirsttimethatthey(experience)somethingbig,aworrythattheysharedwiththeirfamilies,friendsandneighbors,andasufferingbeingenduredatthismomentandtobeendurednextfewweeks.(所给词的适当形式填空)13．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Workhard,oryou(regret)oneday.(所给词的适当形式填空)14．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Thereasonwhymanypeopleunconsciously“tuneout”theirfamilymembersorclosefriendsisthattheythinktheyalreadyknowwhattheotherperson

(say).(所给词的适当形式填空)15．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Soonerorlaterthosedishonestpeople(pay)apricefortheiracts;onthecontrary,whenwearehonest,wearetrulyfree.(所给词的适当形式填空)PassageSEQa1（2024·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Theshelvesinmostsupermarketsarefulloffamilysizethisandmultibuythat.However,ifyou’reshoppingforone,buyingextra1(benefit)frompricereductionsdoesn’tmakesense.Eitheryourshoppingisthentooheavytocarryhome2youcan’tusewhatyou’veboughtwhileit’sstillfresh.Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities—theypricegoodsintheway3willmakethemthemostmoney.Ifmostoftheircustomersarehappytobuylargerquantities,that’s4they’llpromote.Butthatleavesthesolo(单独)customersoutofpocketanddisappointed.Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe5(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.Consumersprefermoneyoffindividualitems.However,thoughit’snicetogetafewcentsoffapackofsausages,itwouldhelpevenmoreiftheycouldsometimes6(offer)insmallerpacks.Eventhebiggestsausagefandoesn’twanttoeatthemeveryday.Ifyoursupermarketsellslooseproduce,thenbuyingsmallerquantitiesiseasier.Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets7(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacks8(design)withtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).Then,whenyouuseonesection,9otherstaysfresh.Whoknows,perhapssomeofthemoreforwardlooking10(one)mayyeteoutwithawholerangeof“justforyou”packsizeswithspecialoffersaswell.PassageSEQa2（2022·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.AvisuallychallengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep1(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.Onthe1,100kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,2losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation3(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.4friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehispanionduringthetrip.CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental5(protect).Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore6(meaning).Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1,000plasticbottlesalongthe40dayjourney.Inthelastfiveyears.Cao7(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s8(high)mountain.Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4,700kilometers9Xi’antoKashgaronSept.20,10(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.PassageSEQa3（2025·广东清远·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Aweeklyrunwayshow(时装秀)inaremotevillageofKaili,Guizhou,hasbeepopularonline,drawingmanytouristsandglobalattention.UnlikeParis’orMilan’sfashionweeks,this50meterwoodenrunway,whichisusedonweekendsandholidays,1(feature)localsofallages,fromkidstotheelderly,insteadofprofessionalmodels.Everyeveningfrom7:00to9:30,2(participant)showhandwovenMiaoandDongcostumeswithshinysilverjewelry.Theywalk,sing,anddance,withfarmtoolsandotherdailythingsserving3performanceaids,andthewholeeventislivestreamedonsocialmedia.4(launch)lastJulyatKaili’sEthnicCostumesPark,it’scalled“VillageRunwayShow”,attractingover400,000visitsandmillionsofonlineviews.Itevenmadeheadlinesabroadandhelpedsome“models”joinbigfashionweeksinLondonandOsaka.Theshow’sfounder,surnamedYang,is536yearoldMiaodesigner.His6(inspire)camefromhismother’striptoLondonCraftWeek.HesaysGuizhoualreadyhaspopularruraleventslikeRongjiang’s“Cunchao”(soccer),7Kaili’sshowfocusesmoreontraditionalcostumes.Theshow’ssuccessesfrompublicparticipationandculturaldisplaythatis8(sincere)presented.Theshow9(boost)Kaili’seconomysincelastyear.Ithasraisedvillagers’culturalconfidence—youngpeoplelearntraditionalcrafts,graduatesreturntowork,andlocalbusinesspeoplejointhisnonprofitevent.Thisautumn,Kailiplanstoholditsownethnicfashionweek,welingdesignersfromallofChina’s56ethnicgroups,10willfurtherkeeptraditionalculturelivelythroughmoreengagement.PassageSEQa4（2025·广东·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThenumberofChineseartificialintelligence(AI)panies1(rise)sharplytomorethan5,000inthepastfiveyears,accordingtodatareleasedbytheMinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnologyattheWorldSmartIndustryExpo.In2020,there2(be)only1,454AIpaniesinthecountry.Chinahas3(successful)setupover40,000smartfactories,11nationalpilotzonesforAIinnovationandapplication,aswellas17nationaldemonstrationzonesforintelligentconnectedvehicletesting.A60billionyuan(about8.4billionUSdollars)nationalAIindustryinvestmentfundhasbeenlaunched,4(acpany)byrulesonAIethics(伦理),ChinaBRICScenterforAIdevelopmentandcooperation,andover240standardsforcoreAItechnologies.Chinahasplacedstrongemphasisonpromoting5(it)AIindustry.In2017,theStateCouncilreleased6developmentplanforthenextgenerationofAI.In2025,itfollowedupwithguidelinesonadvancingthe“AIPlus”initiative,designed7(speed)upthebuildingofanintelligenteconomyandasmartsociety,8arecharacterizedbyhumanmachinecooperation,crosssectorintegrationandsharedinnovation.“The9(sustain)developmentofChina’sAIindustryesfromdrawingonthevaluableexperienceofearlymovers,10makingfulluseofselfadvantageslikeabundantdataresources,apleteindustrialsystem,broadapplicationsituationsandvastmarketpotential,”saidWanGang,presidentoftheChinaAssociationforScienceandTechnology.PassageSEQa5（2025·广东·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。XunpuhasattractedwideattentiononlineafterseveralstarssharedphotosofthemselveswearingakindoflocalheadwearcalledZanhuawei(簪花围).Xunpuisasmallfishingvillage1(locate)inacounty10kilometersfromthecenterofthecityofQuanzhouinFujianProvince.Zanhuaweiisatypeofflowerheadwearwornbylocalwomen,knownas“thegardenonthehead”.Itis2importantpartofXunpuwomen’sdressculture.AsanoldsayinginXunpugoes,“Putflowersinyourhairinthislife,3you’llalsobeprettyintheafterlife.”Thetraditionofwearingflowers4(be)partofXunpuwomen’slivessincetheTangDynasty.Xunpuisfamousfor5(it)excellentseafood.Whenwomenselltheirseafoodatthelocalmarket,theywearflowersintheirhairsobuyerscan6(easy)distinguish(区别)themfromsellersfromnearbyv