商业伦理：概念与案例（第8版）课件 -chapter-05 Ethics and the Environment

VelasquezEighth

editionChapter5EthicsandtheEnvironmentCopyright©2018,2013,2007PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReservedFigure5.1:AtmosphericCO2atMaunaLoaObservatoryFigure5.2:GreenhouseGasConcentrationsforthePast2000YearsFigure5.3:IceCoreRecordsfromVostokandAntarcticaFigure5.4:GlobalAnnualAverageTemperaturesFigure5.5:GlobalTemperatureChange:DecadeAveragesTable5.1:Health,Environmental,andClimateEffectsofAirPollutantsPollutantHealthEffectsEnvironmentalandClimateEffectsOzone(O3)“Decreaseslungfunctionandcausesrespiratorysymptoms,suchascoughingandshortnessofbreath;aggravatesasthmaandotherlungdiseasesleadingtoprematuremortality.Damagesvegetationanddecreasescropyields.Ozonedamagetoplantsmayalterecosystems,reducebiodiversity,anddecreaseplantuptakeofCO2.Ozoneisalsoagreenhousegasthatcontributestoglobalwarming.ParticulateMatter(PM)Short-termandlong-termexposurescancauseoraggravateheartorlungdiseasesleadingtoprematuremortality.Impairsvisibility,anddamagessoilsstructuresandproperty.Blackcarbonparticlesabsorbheatandleadtowarming.Alsochangethetimingandlocationoftraditionalrainfallpatterns.Figure5.6:AirQualityTrendsFigure5.7:ExponentialDepletionRateFigure5.8:PeakedDepletionRateFigure5.9:U.S.ProductionofCrudeOil(ThousandBarrelsperDay),1900–2014Figure5.10:U.S.ProductionofNaturalGas(MillionsofCubicFeet),1900–2014Figure5.11:MarketWithoutExternalCostsFigure5.12:MarketwithAllCostsFigure5.13:CostsandBenefitsofRemovingPollutionTable5.2:BasicandPotentialAdditionalCostsinMillionsof1999U.S.DollarsOptionBasicCostPotentialAddedCostsTotalLikelyCostsMineanddredge$294$20–$70$300–$400Mineonly$177$30–$1