高中英语语法要点讲义-定语从句-高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语语法要点讲义定语从句一、指人(who/whom/that/whose=ofwhom/as/which)whosenameisMark.whoiscalledMark.eg:IknowamanofwhomthenameisMark.thenameofwhomisark.当先行词为anyone/theone/all/those时用whoeg:Anyonewhopunished.=Whoeverwillbepunished.=Whoever名词性从句①Who(有疑问意义)willbesenttolragisnotdecided.②CanIspeaktowhoever(无疑问)isinchargeoftheoffice?2.当先行词作表语时,用thateg:Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.=whatThedistancethatitisfromourschoolisnotlong3.当先行词前有such/thesame修饰时,用aseg:Hewanttomakesuchfriendsastellliesattimes.4.which指职业eg:Shedoesn'twanttobeadoctor，whichhermotherwantshertobe.指物(that/which/as/whoseofwhich)eg:Iwanttoreadsuchabookasyouread.三、指地点(where/介词+which)1.case,point,situation,example,job,condition+whereeg:Canyouthinkofsomeexampleswhereitisused?Wehavereachedapointwherethechangeisneeded.point+inwhichdegree+towhichPleaseshowmethepointwhereImakeamistake.fromwhere用法eg:Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,fromwherekiteflyingspreadtoothercountries.Igotothetopofthebuilding,fromwhereIcanhaveagoodview.3.sincewhen用法eg:Thenewpolicy,sincewhengoodchangeshavehappened,cameintoeffectin2010.(that)Ivisitedlastyear.eg:aplacewhereIpaidavisitlastyear.(that/which)Ipaidavisittolastyear.towhichIpaidavisitlastyear.四、指时间(when/that/which)五、指方式(how)theway作先行词eg:IlikedthewayhespokeEnglish.inwhichThat六、指原因(why/that/which)、时间Thereasonwhy...isthat...Itisbecause...eg:Idon'tbelievethereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.that/whichhetoldme.(定语从句,不涉及reason内容)另:Thisisthefirsttime+that+现在完成时eg:ThisisthefirsttimethatI'vegotthefirstplace.七、用法(as)1.thesame十N(见注意事项)such+a/an+adj.+N(单数)定从用asso+adj.+a/an十N(单数)2.本身是thesame/such,定从用aseg:MyattitudetoJayZhouisthesameasitusedtobe.YouaresuchexcellentstudentsasIexpected.Thebookisn'tsuchasIwant.3.as引导非限定性从句(1)as:位置:句首/中/尾,“正如,正像”which:位置:句中/尾,“这件事”eg:Awarissocruelthatmanypeopledieinthewar,ashappenedinlrag.(2)搭配:asisknown(toall)→asweallknowasisreportedasisoftenthecase通常情况下→asoftenhappensasisclearfromthefactasis/hasbeensaidabove(结论)asexpected/planned/shownaswehadexpectedas(was)expectedeg:Asweallknow,TaiWanbelongstoChina.八、用法(but)eg:Thereisnoonebutlikeshim,没有人不喜欢他=who/that...not九、用法(than)eg:Hecanpletemoretasksthanisexpected/intended.Youspentmoremoneythanwasintendedtobespent.十、只用which,不用that情况1.介词+which2.+which(非限定性定从)3.先行词为that时eg:Whatisthatwhichisflying?4.which作定语eg:Hiswifewasill,inwhichcasehehadtoattendtoher.bywhichtime类似有duringwhichtime5.表示职业、身份、品质、性质eg:Helookedlikeanhonestmanwhichhewasnot.Hedidn'twanttobeaman,whichhisfatherwishedhimtobe.6.有插人语eg:Hemadeanothergreatdiscovery,whichIthinkwasimportanttoscience.十一、只用that,不用which情况1.先行词为不定代词时:few,little,all,much,everything,anything,nothingeg:Isthereanythingthatisworthdoing?或者先行词被no,few,little,any,every,all修饰时2.先行词被序数词修饰或序数词为先行词3.先行词被最高级修饰4.先行词既有人又有物5.当主句中有who/which时eg:Who'sthepersonthatsitsbesideyou?6.that在从句申作表语(可省可不省)eg:Iwasnotafoolthathethoughtmetobe.7.定从中有therebe结构(that可省略)eg:I'llmakefulluseoftime(that)thereisleftforme.8.先行词前有thevery/justthe/theonly修饰十二、特殊用法oneofthe+N(s),定从+v.复theonlyoneofthe+N(s),定从+v.单nottheonlyoneof+N(s),定从十v.复十三、省略式关系代词/关系副词+todoeg:HehasalargequantityofthingswithwhichtodealHehasonly10dollarswithwhichtobuyhissonagift.十四、区别Isthistheschoolthat/whichyouvisitedlastmonth?(定从)Isthisschooltheoneyouvisitedlastmonth?(定从)Isthisschoolwhereyoustudied?(表从)(Isitinthisschoolthatyoustudied?(强调句式)十五、注意事项1.whose=ofwhichthen.=the+n.ofwhich2.先行词被thesame修饰时,用as或that引导定从时,as:同一类,不同物that:同一物定语从句专练一、（1）关系代词1.Ilivenextdoortoacouple____________childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.2.theboy______wasintheofficeyesterdayismybrother.3.Desperateformoney,shecalledhersister,________________shehadn’tspokentoin20years.4.Youaretheonlyone________advicehemightlistento.5.Thishouse________windowsfacethestreetismyuncle’s.6.Iwilltalktothestudents________homeworkhasn’tbeendone.7.Herson,______shewassodevotedto,wentabroadtenyearsago.8Itisthefirstfictionfilm_____Ihaveeverseen.9.Thisistheveryroom_______Isleptinthatevening.10.Theonlything________wecandoistogiveyousomemoney.11.Thebikeanditsrider________hadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.（2）关系副词1.Therearecases_______________theword“kid”isusedasaverb.2.Therearemanyinstances______________heishumorous.3.Theyenteredadifficultsituation_______________alleffortsseemuseless.4.I’matanage___________Idon’tknowwhatloveis,butyoursweetsmilestilltouchesme.5.Itwasatime___________philosopherscouldhavepositionsingovernments.6.AncientChinawasaplace________________stateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.7.Ihadreachedapointinmycareer_________Ineededtodecidewhichwaytogo.8.Thisisthereason________hewaslateforschool.二、非限定定语从句与as1.ThebuildingisinShanghai，__________isthebiggestcityinChina.2.Hefinishedcollegeatfifteen，___________Ifoundhardtobelieve.3.Itisatrulydelightfulplace,__________looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.4.Heisagentleman,_________isshowninhisbehavior.5.______issupposed,hesucceedsintheend.6._____weknow,thesceneryofthecityisbeautiful.7._____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.8._____weknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.三、单句语法填空1.Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,________,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.2.Careofthesoulisagradualprocessin________eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.3.Thatevening,________Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.4.Happinessandsuccessoftenetothose________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.5.MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,________madeoneoftheChinesepeople'slonghelddreamsetrue.6.ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,________heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.7.Finallyhereachedalonelyisland________waspletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.8.Doyourememberthescene________CaoCaoandLiuBeiweredrinking?9.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.10.Iwillneverforgetthedays________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatvillage.11.DoyouknowthereasonJohnissoangry?12.Noneofusknowthereason________Tomwasabsentfromthemeeting.13.Thereason__________heexplainedatthemeetingforhisabsencedidn’tmakesense.14.Istillrememberthenight________sheleftthehouse.15.However,thiswasatimeonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.16.Todaywehavereachedastagewehavealmostnorightsatall.17.Thedaysaregonephysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.18.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,_________canreduceoralbacteria.19.LaurieDemerit，_________panyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.20.Thisiscalled“herdimmunity”,_______protectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthose________can’tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleon________thevaccinedoesn’twork.21.Herperformancesonthestagewereperfect，________madealotofpeopleadmireher.22.Thecitywasattackedbysuchterribleweather________fewcitizenshadeverexperiencedbefore.23.AstoryIreadtwoyearsago，________nameIcan’trememberclearly，