Unit1ANewStartUsinglanguagesBasicsentencestructure课件-高中英语外研版

BasicSentenceStructures语法精讲B1U1UsingLanguageLearningObjectives学习目标Afterthisclass,youwillbeableto...1.Learnthebasiccomponents(n.成分)ofasentence.(Takenotes)2.Clarifythebasicsentencestructures.(5+2+1=8)3.Completesomepracticetostrengthenyourunderstanding.句子的基本成分Thebasiccomponentsofasentence根据英语词汇在句子中的地位和作用，英语的句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、同位语及独立成分等。1.主语(Subjective)：表示句子说的是什么人或者什么事、物。通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、动名词和从句充当。*Shewentoutinahurry.(代词)*Toseeistobelieve.(动词不定式)*Smokingisbadforhealth.(动名词)*Whathehassaidistrue.(从句)2.谓语(Verb)：说明主语做什么或怎么样，通常由动词或者动词短语充当，位于主语之后。实义动词可以单独作谓语，连系动词需要和表语一起构成谓语；情态动词和助动词需要和实义动词一起构成谓语。*Weappreciateyourhelpalot.(实义动词)*Thenewly-bakedbreadtastesdelicious.(连系动词+表语)*HecanspeakEnglishwell.(情态动词+动词原形)*Sheistalkingwithhersister.(助动词be+实义动词)句子的基本成分Thebasiccomponentsofasentence3.宾语(Objective)：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或相当于名词的词组和句子充当。（1）直接宾语(DO)表示动作的承受者或结果，通常指物。（2）间接宾语(IO)表示动作的接受者或指向，它位于直接宾语之前；位于直接宾语之后时，前面需要加介词to或者for。*Shedidn’tsayanything.(代词)*Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(从句)*Isucceededinpassingtheexam.(相当于名词的词组)*Wouldyouliketoshowmeyourpaper?(间接宾语和直接宾语)句子的基本成分Thebasiccomponentsofasentence4.表语(Predicative)：用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。一般位于系动词之后，由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句充当。*Hisjobis

takingcareofchildren.(动名词短语)*That’s

whyhecamehere.(从句)*Thatremains

apuzzle.(名词)*Theyseem

toknowthetruth.(动词不定式)Thespeechis

exciting.(形容词)句子的基本成分Thebasiccomponentsofasentence英语中常见的连系动词有哪些？（1）be动词（2）感官动词：look，smell，taste，sound，feel（3）变化类动词：get，become，turn，go，grow，come（4）保持类动词：keep，stay，remain（5）“似乎”“好像”：seem，appear5.宾语补足语(Complement)：补充说明宾语的成分叫宾语补足语。一般由形容词、名词、副词、不定式、分词和介词短语等充当。*Wefounditnecessary

tostudyEnglish.(形容词)*Wemadehimmonitorinourclass.(名词)*Wefoundhimintroublenow.(介词短语)【名师点津】主动语态变为被动语态后，宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。*Thebookisfoundveryinteresting.*Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.句子的基本成分Thebasiccomponentsofasentence请找出句子中的哪一部分是补语？6.定语(Attribute)：修饰名词、代词的词、短语或句子成为定语。一般由冠词、形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句充当。*Thereare54studentsinourclass.(数词)*Thereisa

sleepingbabyinbed.(冠词+现在分词)*Tellthechildrenplayingtherenottomakeanynoise.(现在分词)*Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(过去分词)*ThatisthereasonwhyIamagainstyouradvice.(从句)句子的基本成分Thebasiccomponentsofasentence【名师点津】（1）前置定语：形容词、代词、数词、名词、动名词、分词等（2）后置定语：不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语、副词、从句等*Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.*Thegirlinwhiteishissister.前置定语和后置定语7.状语(Adverbial)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态的句子成分成为状语。一般由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句充当。可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步等。*Helovessciencefictioninparticular.(介词短语)*Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.(现在分词)*Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.(从句)*Suddenly,Iheardthebirdsingasong.(副词)*Yourunintothegrocerystoretopickuponebottleofwater.(动词不定式)句子的基本成分Thebasiccomponentsofasentence根据句意理解要点微练写出下列句子中划线部分所作的句子成分(1)Theperformanceonthestageisquitedifferentfromthatinthe____movie.(2)Hiswishistobecomeascientist.____(3)GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1980.____(4)Henoticedamanentertheroom.____(5)Wouldyoutellme

youradvice?_________________________(6)Iopenedthe