《航海英语二三副》-Unit 7-3 General cargoes Operations

1.Words&Expressionsaccumulation 积累;堆积物;累积量airduct 空气管annotate 注解，注释antithesis 对立对立面athwartship

横过船的;横切,横向brokenstowage 亏舱condensation 冷凝;凝结的水珠consolidate 把……合成一体，合并cowl （船舶）通风筒crane 克令吊，起重机；curvature 弯曲;弯曲部分;曲度disproportionate 不成比例的eliminate 排除，消除;除掉facilitate 促进，助长； inadvertently 疏忽地；非故意地indispensable 不可缺少的；绝对必要的inherentcharacteristic固有特性legitimate 合法的，合理的;正规的lath 木板条，条板legible 易读的longhatch 重点舱longshoremen 码头工人odorous 有气味的； n.气味parentheses 圆括号perpendicular 垂直的，成直角的pilferage 行窃，偷盗preclude 阻止，妨碍predominant 主要的，占主导地位的segregation 分离；隔离susceptible 易受影响的，易受感染的sweatbatten 舱壁护木，护肋木;货板systematic 有系统的，有规则的taint 使变质；使污染；n.污点；tallysheet 理货单Packagemethod 包件理货法Unitmethod 组件理货法Blockmethod 分组理货法Straightmethod 直接理货法wetanddrybulb 干湿球cargosweat 货物出汗shipsweat 船体出汗naturalventilation 自然通风mechanicalventilation 机械通风segregationofcargo 货物隔离bracing}撑紧，支紧(用木材自固定件横撑向货堆)shoring（up）撑紧，支紧(用木材自甲板向上斜撑向货堆)tomming(down)固撑作业(用木材自固定端向下斜撑向货堆)blocking 堵塞；阻挡2.IntroductionGeneralCargoisatermthatcoversagreatvarietyofgoodsthatmustbeloadedindividually,andnotinintermodalcontainersnorinbulkaswithoilorgrainClassifiedbycargocharacteristicsandrequirementsofshipment,packedorunpacked,looseorconsolidatedAluminumingots

AnodesBaggedCargoRicePaperSugarGraniteblocksFerrosilicon(硅铁)SteelCoilsSteelCoilsCoilsCoilsCoilsSteelpipesSteelpipesSteelslabsSteel(general)SteelBadstowageBadstowagePalletizedBreakbulkBreakbulkTimberWoodWoodPlywoodVehiclesWoodpulpbalesIMDG1.4IMDG5.1GeneralCargo:pipesandfittingsLoadingdeckcargo3.DefinitionsandTermsShoringandTomming.Shoring,whichincludesblockingandbracing,istheprocessofsecuringcargotopreventside-to-sidemovementbysupportingitfromtheside.Shoringmayalsobeusedtopreventdownwardmovementbysupportingcargofrombelow.Tommingisthesecuringofcargotopreventupwardmovement.Personnelsecurethecargobyrunninglumberfromtheship'soverheadstructuredowntothecargoeitherverticallyoratanangle.BlockingBlockingistheactofattachingsolidpiecesofwood,orblocks,toadeck,bulkhead,oroverhead,sothatthesepiecesleandirectlyagainstthecargotopreventitsmovement.Blockingmustbebraced,shored,ortommedtobeeffective.BracingBracingistheactofinstallingawoodpieceorstructuresothatitextendsfromadeck,bulkhead,oroverheadtothestow.Thistechniquestrengthenstheblockingbysupportingitinahorizontaldirection.Wetcargo-Referstoitemsthatareliquidbutincontainers.-concerningtheleakage,thestowageshouldbesuchthatincaseofanyleakagetheliquidwillfinditswaytothedrainagesystemwithoutdamaginganyothercargo.-examples:cannedmilk,beer,fruitjuices,paints,lubricatingoilandsoonDrycargo

referstothegeneralclassofitemsthatcannotpossiblyleakandfurthermorecanbedamagedbyleakagefromthewetcargo.

Dirtycargo-arethosecommoditiesthatareexceptionallydustyandalwaystendtoleavearesiduebehindthem-examples:cement,ore,charcoal,graphiteCleancargo

leavenoresidue,arenotlikelytoleak,andgenerallywillnotcauseanydamagetoanyothercargo,butthemselvesarehighlyvulnerabletocontamination.Odorouscargoarethosecommoditiesthatgiveofffumesthatlikelytotaintcertainsusceptiblecargoesiftheyarestowedinthesameoreveninadjacentcompartments.examples:kerosene,turpentine(松脂),ammonia（氨水），cruderubber(生胶),lumberDelicatecargo

highlysusceptibletodamagebytaintingfromtheodoroustypesexamples:rice,flour,tea,cerealsFragilecargo

susceptibletobreakageexamples:glass,porcelain,marbleHygroscopiccargohavetheabilitytoabsorborreleasewatervaporexamples:allgrains,woodproducts,cotton,wool,sisal,paper,animalproducts,vegetableoriginproducts4.TextⅠ.CargoTallying

PackageMethod

UnitMethodBlockMethod

StraightMethodⅡ.DunnagePreventingContactwithFreeMoisturePreventCondensationPreventingchafingPreventingSpontaneousHeatingPreventingPilferageIII.GeneralCargoHandlingIV.CargoandShipSweatCargosweatconsistsofcondensationwhichformsonthesurfaceofcoldcargowhenwarmmoistaircomesincontactwithit.Ship’ssweatisthecondensationwhichoccurswhenwarmmoistairin