专题04 阅读理解-议论文（知识清单）（原卷版）-2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单

专题04阅读理解议论文01知识脑图·学科框架速建02考点精析·知识能力全解【知能解读01】五年高考议论文考情统计【知能解读02】五年高考议论文考情解读【知能解读03】阅读理解议论文高频题型【知能解读04】阅读理解议论文选项特点【知能解读05】阅读理解议论文解题思路03攻坚指南·高频考点突破重难【重难点突破01】细节理解题【重难点突破02】推理判断题04避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗【易混易错01】文章大意题【易混易错02】写作意图题【方法技巧01】阅读理解议论文答题误区【方法技巧02】阅读理解议论文误区应对【方法技巧03】阅读理解议论文满分策略议论文通法提炼五年高考议论文考情统计阅读理解议论文解题思路细节理解题推理判断题文章大意题写作意图题标题概括题阅读理解议论文答题误区阅读理解议论误区应对阅读理解议论文满分策略主旨1211121312112122121121议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。议论文通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题(引论)一分析问题(本论)一解决问题(结论)”。由此可见，要理解议论文有两个从命题来看，阅读理解议论文考查学生对语篇的整体理解能力及细节信息的提取和推断能力，题型包括细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨大意题，其中试卷第3页，共28页知能解读03五年高考议论文高频题型阅读理解议论文知能解读04阅读理解议论文选项特点1.正确选项特征同义替换与原文关键信息相同含义的不同表达信息归纳正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达意思明了原文原词2.干扰选项特征张冠李戴是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容无中生有符合生活常识，但不是该文章的内容曲解文意正误参半知能解读05阅读理解议论文解题思路1.抓住论点主旨阅读议论文最重要的是抓住文章的论点，找到文章的论点也就把握了文章的主旨。一般来说，作者会在开头段落交代文章的论点，因此，细读文章首段尤为重要。2.理清文章结构议论文一般采用“总分总”的结构，作者先给出论点，然后从不同方面(正面，反面)进行论证，最后给出总结或者自己的观点。文章中会出现较为明显的转折，递进，并列或者归纳总结等的逻辑关系词。考生在阅读时，要理清文章结构，找到论点的基础上进而理解作者给出的论据，突破细节理解题和推理判断题。试卷第4页，共28页试卷第5页，共28页能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项(或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在"花"与"玫瑰"两选项中，正确答案肯定是"花",花包含了玫瑰。所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。orless,relatively,belikelyto,notnec不是正确答案，如：must,always,never,all,every,any,merely,only,completely,none,hardly,already命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能阅读理解的逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位(止于前因),或者推理过头(止于后果),这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则启示我们：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是两个因果项中的重难点突破01细节理解题28.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?(2025全国一卷)32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?(2021新课标I卷)步骤一：锁定关键词步骤二：步骤三：归纳概括法概括信息题要求学生通过思维分析对原文中比较分散或复杂的信息进行归纳概括。为了增加细节信息跟踪训练1(2025全国一卷阅读C跟踪训练1(2025全国一卷阅读C篇片段)declinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytosch28.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpoint跟踪训练2跟踪训练2(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇片段)试卷第6页，共28页试卷第7页，共28页Audio(音频)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachethesetechnologies-say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebypsychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,tiftheylistentoorviewidenticalpC.Theyhelpdevelop推理判断题考查考生推理和判断的能力，以及深层次的阅读理解能力。主要考查隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作意图题、文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题等。在进行推断时，要透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”,要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文、主观臆断。34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?(2021新课标I卷)推理判断题推理判断题跟踪训练1(2025全国二卷D跟踪训练1(2025全国二卷D篇片段)试卷第8页，共28页newroadnetworksandkidshadtopurnalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacamrlocalpark.Describingher(市长)tochampion"NewYAlthoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertofcarownershipintheworld.A.Theyboostedthesalesofcars.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerusupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Tinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintellandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeople34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelliA.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.试卷第9页，共28页何一篇文章都有自己的主旨，所以我们在阅读一篇文章时，首先要弄清楚的就是文章的主旨，明确主旨之后才能进一步理解文章的深层内容和主题意义。主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握文章整体内容和中心思31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)常见位置常见位置段首段末首段(新闻报道、常见位置议论文、说明文)论文)抓住文中出现频率较高的主题词，然后对其进行概括和借助段落主题句归纳借助文章主题段归纳借助主题词归纳文章大意题①利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，跟踪训练1(2024新课标跟踪训练1(2024新课标I卷C篇)f试卷第10页，共28页travelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer'smarthejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensiSpecifically,it'saitsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Rathprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacethpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit'stransportingplantsfBMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Inside"Wearepassionateaboutreducingw28.WhatcanbelearnedaboA.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood.B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistanceA.Real-timeweatherchanges.B.Currentconditionoftheplants.C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil.D.AvailabilityofC.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.31.WhatdoesthetextmainlytalA.BMF'smajorstrengths.B.BMF'sgC.BMF'sglobalinfluence.park.Gardenisn'tdoinganythinggrewell?Startfromseeds,betteryet,yourownseeds.Myfavoritesaretomatoes,bellpeppers,zandallherbs.Basically,Iprefermealswithveryfewingredients,andthesevegYesterday,Jetpacksentanotificatieverythingtothemostperfectperfection,makeitimpersonal,butgrammatically试卷第11页，共28页blogisthepersonaltoonadailybasis.IbelieveaninsightinthepersonalityofthatbloggerandshowtheveryuniquefeatuLotsofpeoplehavealreadyaverycomplexrelationswhentheycomeout,theactualthingsmaketheminadequateforthbelongingsandpropertieswhenIstillneedarealbedtosleepinandarealroI'vealwaysbeenamazedbythehumanintamazedbythepowerofthehumanbrain.Icertainlyhopethehumanintelligenceprevails(占上longtocometothishighlevelofcognitiallhaveflaws.That'swhatitmeanstobehuman.Please,stoptheAeverywhere,likerightnowonyourblogandwebsite.B.Thegardenisworthyofbeingvisited.D.TogivereadersaninsightintA.Expectant.B.Resistant.C.Supportive.D.D.Thesignificanceofbalancingbetw试卷第12页，共28页每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容63.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?(2011安徽卷)toamuse/toentertainpersuade/topromote...toargue/toprovepersuade/topresent...toinform/toreport...故事类广告类应用文科普类说明文文化类新闻类文体特点写作意图与文章主旨密切相关，因此，解答这类题跟解答主旨大意题和选择文章标题一样，用略读法，即重点关注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨来推断作者的写作目的。②文体推断法。③说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识(toinformreaders),提出建议、劝告或呼吁有关部门给予重视。④议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某一观点(topersuadereaders),倡导某种做法等。跟踪训练1(2025全国一卷跟踪训练1(2025全国一卷B篇片段)Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代码)tha试卷第13页，共28页A.TorecommendabookonAI.B.TogiveabriefaccountofAIhistory.C.ToclarifythedefinitioD.TohonoranoutstandingAIeInhisnewbiographyofRobertCrumb,DanNadel,acomics(漫画)expert,writesthathissubjectaparticipateintheprojectunderonecondition:"thatIbehonestexaminetheraciallychargedaspectsofhiswork.”Crumbexpectedthesamefromhisbiographer.AndNadelfulThatdoesn'tmeanCrumb:ACartoonist'slifeisahatchetjob.Farfromit,NadelexpressesintenseJohnStanley,todesigninggreetiWhenitcomestimetoexploreCrumb'sproblematicrepresentattheartistnorissuessimplecriticism.Crumb'sworkoftenembracedtheracistprpostwarAmericanupbringing,andhisartwasanunpleasantreflectionofthoseinfluenessentiallyitisbothprejareneverhappyendingsinNorhappybeginnings.Crumarkedbymentalillnessandfrequentmoves.ThisinstadisconnectionthatwouldlastthroughoutNadelalsoinvestigatcategorized,seeinghimselfasseparatefromtheveryculturethatcelebratedhiGenerouslyillustrated试卷第14页，共28页analysisoftheundergroundcomicsmovement.Nadelhonorsthecomplexityofhissubject,even,perhaps议论文中，作者会通过数据、研究结果、案例等论据支撑论点，但部分考生会将论据本身等同于作者真题例证：2024年新课标I卷C篇对比纸质阅读与数字阅读，提到“研究表明纸质阅读在复杂任务中更有效”,这是论据；而作者的观点是“不同媒介适合不同学习场景，纸质文本在需要专注的学习中不可真题例证：2025年全国一卷C篇批判城市设计过度围绕汽车，提到“澳大利亚汽车保有率高”。部分考生可能推断“作者反对发展汽车产业”,但原文仅强调“需平衡交通与行人需求”,并未否定汽车本身，词义猜测或句意理解题中，考生易仅通过单词表面含义判断，忽略上下文的因果、转折真题例证：2023年全国乙卷D篇提到“历史叙述需结合文本与物品”,其中conversation一词需结合上考生常因过度关注某段细节(如举例、数据),而忽略全文核心论点。5.态度判断偏差，混淆“客观陈述”与“主观态度”试卷第15页，共28页论点常出现在首尾段、转折句(如however,infact)或总结句(如inconclusion)中；论据多为“研究表明”“例如”“数据显示”等引导的内容，作用2025年全国一卷D篇关于微塑料治理，“煮沸过滤可减少80%微塑料”是研究结果(论据),而作者观点是“该方法为减少微塑料接触提供了潜在路径”(通过still,thefindingsshow...明确)。2.坚持“原文有据”,拒绝“无中生有”选项必须在原文中找到直接依据，若选项内容是“可能合理但原文未提及”,则为过度推断。2024年新课标I卷D篇提到“生物多样性数据存在偏差”,选项“应禁止公民科学家参词义猜测题需关注“同义/反义关系”(如but,however提示反义)、“指代关系”(如this,it指代前文内容)或“举例解释”(如suchas后的具体例子)。2024年全国甲卷C篇take.…upanotch,前文提到“狗擅长取回物品”,后文说“猫能带回随机物品给主人”,可推断该短语意为“做得更好”(通过对比逻辑判断)。通读全文后，用“首段+各段首句+末段”梳理逻辑(如“提出问题—分析原因一给出建议”),主2023年全国乙卷D篇，首段“历史不能仅靠文字”,中段举例“文字与物品结合的必要性”,末段“需同时读文本与物品”,主旨可总结为“物品在历史叙述中不可或缺”。5.通过情感词判断作者态度关注形容词(如effective,problematic)、副词(如unfortunately,surprisingly)及转折词(如yet,nevertheless),区分客观陈述(无情感词)与主观态度(有明确情感倾向)。2024年新课标I卷B篇中，作者描述Farber的整体医疗方法时，用amazed,workedsowell等词体现肯定态度，可直接对应appreciative类选项。试卷第16页，共28页01(2025全国一卷)01(2025全国一卷)declinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.ManyparontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschDutchauthorsThaliaVerkadeandMarcoteBrömmelstroetarebotheredbyfactslinewroadnetworksandkidshadtopurnalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacamrlocalpark.Describingher(市长)tochampion"NewYAlthoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertofcarownershipintheworld.fMovementhaveitright:it'stimetothinkdifferentlyaboutthat28.WhatphenomenondoestheauthorpointA.Carsoftengetstuckontheroad.B.Traf试卷第17页，共28页29.WhatweretheCanadianjournalistandothercampaignerstryingtoA.Keeptheircitieslivable.C.Helptheneedyfamilies.30.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampA.Theyboostedthesalesofcars.B.TheyturnedoutlargelyinefC.Theywongovernmentsupport.D.Theyadvocatedbuildingnewparks.A.WhytheRush?B.Wha02(2024新课标02(2024新课标I卷)questionsareoften“no.”Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcenentertainmentmindset(心态)andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsuWhenreadingtextsofseveralhunpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.ThebenefitsofprintreadingpartThedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper'sphysicalproperties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevmemoryofwhatthey'vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.Butequallyimportantistwhichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentalAudio(音频)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies-say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanademonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremeDigitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarec试卷第18页，共28页assumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontain28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?(猜测词义题)A.Seemunlikelytolast.B.SC.Becomereadytouse.D.Becomeeasytonotice.A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly.B.Digitaltextsaresimplerto30.WhyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteacherA.Theycanholdstudents'attention.31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?(推理判断题)B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C.PrinttextscannotbeentirelyD.Educationoutsidethec03(2021全国甲卷)03(2021全国甲卷)Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisethegeniusclub.Whencontributionswerecolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.Astudyrecentlypublishedbymembersoftheirgender(性别)are"really,reallysmart."EveHere'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunica试卷第19页，共28页race,andclassdonotdetermine32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsfA.They'reunfair.B.They'reconservative.C.They'reobjective.D.B.TheylookuptogreaC.TheyseegenderdifferencD.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedb34.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A.Improvedglobalcommunication.B.LC.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts.D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.A.GeniusesThinkAlikeC.GeniusandIntelligenceWillartificialintelligence(AI)replacemyjob?ThisisAtpresent,theapplicationofAIroboticsinprofcomplexproblemsandmore,haveheighwillovertakehumanintemayultimatelyreplacehumandecision-making.fboundaries.Inotherwords,AI'sprogress,functBeforeAIbecomesathreattohumanity,theinternationalcommunityshoufromthreateninghumanlife.Robot试卷第20页，共28页AIcopyinghumanemotions.Withoutlegalrestrictions,AImaybecoTheAI-drivennewindustrialrevolutionisirreversibthathadbeenunimaginablebefore,willcertainlyaffecthumanemployment.ButitalwaysturnedouabletoadapttoeachindustrialrevolutionanworryAIwillreplaceourjobs.WhiletechnologyAIeraratherthanblockitsunfoldingforfearoftheunknown.C.ItwillberegulatedmorestrA.Bystirringemotions.B.ByC.Bysettingrestrictions.D.B3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“irreversible”inthelastparagrapA.Undesirable.B.Unavoidable.C.Unpredictable.D.Unbelievable.A.Dealwithitpositively.B.AcceptitC.Respondtoitrandomly.DoyoueverhearafriendsoftenfindyourselfsurroalongwithouttheimmediateAsocialmediaechochamber(回音室)iswhenoneexperiencesatailoredmediaexperiencopposingviewpointsanddifferoflike-mindeduserstogetherbasedonsharedaccordingtoourpreexistingbeliefsandopinions.Socialmediacompaniesthereforerelyonalgorithms(算法)to试卷第21页，共28页Inordertotrulygetaccesstoallinopportunitytostepoutofourcomfortzopinionswillallowyoutoatlsearchoutreliablenewsourcesthatareknownfortryourmediabuffetonsocialmediaisaproductofourpresentbe2.Whatdoes"beefup"underlinedinParagraph3mean?(猜测词义题)A.Track.B.Improve.C.Provide.C.Researchingprimarysourcesofi4.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?(推理判断题)C.TopromotetheuseofD.Toinformpeopleofnewtechnologydevelopments.goodsenseofhumorjusttohelpusgetthrougheachandeverydaywhenyouknowtheyarefeelingdowninthedumps(处于沮丧中),as试卷第22页，共28页Howwouldyoufeelifyoucouldnotjokearoundwithyourwife,husband,child,co-worker,neighbor,closemakeotherssmileorlaugh,evenifIhumorineverythingshedid,evenifitwasthehardestanysituation,butalsoiscommoncourtesy(礼貌)toscouldberollingonthefloorafterhearingagreatjokeanokethatmakesotherslaugh.IambustingagutwhilefIwerefromouterspace.HowcanpeoplenotgetarealLaughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol.Withoutlotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoingcrazy.Thereistothispresentworld.Itdrivespeoplecrazy.Weallneeourlives.So,IbelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandA.Itmakespeoplemoreconfident.C.Itcanhelpridthecrueltyintheworld.D.Itca2.Whatdoesthephrase"bustingagut"inthethiA.Explainingcarefully.C.Keepingsilent.D.Laughing3.What'sthemainpurposeofthA.TotalkabouthisownunderstandingofD.Toconvincepeopleofthepowerofbeingoptimi4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepresentworld?(态度推断题)A.Neutral.B.Satisfied.C.Critical.D.IndiffeIwouldneverdescribemyselfasbeingacynic(愤世嫉俗者),it'saperson试卷第23页，共28页challenges,that'sbasThat'swhatImighthavearguedImightbepartoftheproblem.Zaki,aprofessorofpsychologyandthedirectoroftheStanfordSofcynicism'sholdonus.AnditspotentialimpactsonourfutureandpersAmericanssurveyedsaidtprocess,cynicismhastakenrootasaresponsetomanychallengeBut,Zakiargues,it'sanowngoal:expectingthemostnegativeoconnectionswithothersnegativeoutcomesalsoharmsourchancesoffindinghappinessinthehereandnow.Thepopularbeliefthatcynicsarejustsmarterandmorerealisticisn’'tnecessarilyjustifiable.Zakipointsoutthatcynicsperformworseatcognitive(认知)testsandarelesseffectiveatidentifyinguntrustworthypeopleandliesthannon-cynicyearsago,thepeopleworryingaboutthedangersonthehorizonprobablydidbetterthantheirfsunset,butnowbeingoverlyahasbecomemoreconsciousofcynicalthoughts,noticingwhenheiscomingto“unnecessarilycoldconclusions”andinterruptingthemwithe'ssleep-lackingorstressed;cynicismisakindofburnout.Zakialsopracticeswhaspreadingword,withinhiscircles,ofactsofgenerosityorkA.Herdoubtmademuchsense.B.C.Shedislikedsuchtypeofperson.2.Whatmaybethecauseofcynicism?(推理A.Burningdesiresforwell-being.C.Constantemergenceofchallenges.D.Negativeattitudestothefuture.A.Itfuelsignoranceofdangers.B.ItgoesagainstthepopC.Itdiscouragesrealistic试卷第24页，共28页4.WhatdoesZaki'spracticeoA.Positivetalkpromoteskindacts.B.ActionspeakslouderC.Minoryetimpactfulchangesmatter.D.ThinkingbackonthecollegereadingjournalsonDante,excelcouncilman'soffice,runahalf-marathon,takephotographyclassesandwritepriznotjusttheyoungsterswhocanjointhepolymathparty.greatdealdependsonthenucleusbasalis.Thisbitofthebrainproducessignifiregulatestherateatwhichnewcformmemoriesofvariouskinds.whoactivelyacquirenewinterestsretaintheirabilitytolearn.Butifwseemstoofferbenefitstopeople.Afteronlyshortperiodsoftrying,theabilitytomakenewconnectadsomenewfoundheadspacetowriteapfI'dbeabletokeepupthgivenmeanewsourceofenergItundervaluesourlivestowilcareerchanges,evenifyoudon'tactuallymakC.Theyhavewide-ranginginterests.试卷第25页，共28页steam-poweredwaterpumptoreleasebuilincrediblyboringtask.The“Iazy”boy,however,inventedanautomaticreleasethatletthepumprunproperly,lookforeasierways,tryingtoimproveprocessesanInrecentyears,somepsychologistsandbusinessleadershavecometograspthisinsight,shiftingourviewofwhatlazinessreallymeaOurbrainsarenaturallyinclinedtowardlaziness.Unlikeourancestorsbe"Iazier,"buttheoppositehashappened.AccordingtotheU.lessandworkmorethanbef试卷第26页，共28页ourworthdependsonhowhardwework.Sowepushevenhardertoproducemore.Yetthere's