2022年12月英语六级真题第2套

2022年122022年12月英语六级真题第2套PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence"Inaneraofinformationexplosion,itisvitallyimportanttodeveloptheabilitytothinkcriticallyandmakerationalchoices."Youcanmakestatements,givereasons,orciteexamplestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Prioritizinghappinessovermoney. C)Managingone'spersonalfinanceswisely.B)Joiningtheclubtogethernewbook. D)Consumingmoreonlywhenearningmore.2.A)Shewasindebt. C)Sheearned$30,000amonth.B)Shewasafinancialadviser. D)Sheenjoyedahappylife.3.A)Itreflectsone'searningpower. C)Itmirrorsone'ssenseofwellbeing.B)Itvarieswithone'senvironment. D)Itchangeswithone'sgoalsinlife.4.A)Itwouldgivehimmoretimetobewithhislovedones.B)Itwouldbegoodforthosewhovaluerelationships.C)Itwouldmeanmajorsacrificesforhim.D)Itwoulddeprivehimofhisindividuality.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Itwastheartist'sfirstlandscape. C)Itwasdonatedbytheartistherself.B)ItwasapaintingbyChristopher. D)Itwasdisplayedataretirementparty.6.A)Itwasthepaintingthatinstantlymadeherrich. C)Itwasrecentlypurchasedbythegallery.B)Ithascosthimalotofmoneytopurchaseit. D)Itisownedbyananonymouscollector.7.A)Itreflectsheremotions. C)Itappearsperfectlysymmetrical.B)Itcontainsampledetails. D)Itdepictsthebeautyofdesolation.8.A)Sheiseccentriclikeanyotherartist. C)Sheisasluckyasanyacclaimedartist.B)Sheisaveryniceandintelligentartist. D)Sheisoneofthemostproductiveartists.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Itisvitaltoone'smentalhealth. C)Itpromotesinterpersonalrelationship.B)Itleadstoreconciliationandpeace. D)Itkeepsonefromtraumaticexperience.10.A)Whentheoffenderhaspoweroverthevictim. C)Whentheoffenderisnotdulypenalized.B)Whentheoffenderisnotwillingtoapologize. D)Whentheoffenderaddsinsulttoinjury.11.A)Talkwiththeoffendercalmly. C)Findoutwhyhecommittedtheoffense.B)Accepttheoffender'sapology. D)Determinehowserioustheoffensewas.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Thenumberofpassengersdroppedsharply. C)Thenumberofstationsincreasedto50.B)Itservedmoreandmorecommuters. D)ItbecamethelongestintheUnitedKingdom.13.A)Toincreasecapacitytomeetgrowingneeds. C)Tohaveitssystemsmodernised.B)Tomakewayforothermeansoftransport. D)Toavoidfurtherfinanciallosses.14.A)Itisgenerallyrecognisedasaworldheritagesite.B)Itisthefastestwaytoreachthecity'ssouthside.C)Itconstitutesasourceofrevenueforthecity.D).Ithelpsreducetrafficjamsinthecitycentre.15.A)Theyareusuallycrowded. C)Theyacceptsmartcardsonly.B)Theyusehigh-techsystems. D)Theyarecolourfullydecorated.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyarequitefriendlytohumans. C)Theyareunafraidofhumans.B)Theyareshrinkinginnumbers. D)Theyareespeciallyfondofgarbage.17.A)Itisstrictlyforbidden. C)Itisagestureofhumangenerosity.B)Itisanuncommonsight. D)Itisallowedonlyincertainareas.18.A)Sharetheirfoodwiththebeartheysee.B)Bepreparedtorunintoahungrybear.C)Trytobefriendlywiththebeartheymeet.D)Refrainfromteasingbearswithcubs.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itreferstoopinionsthatareradicalandwidespread.B)Itmeansmakingjudgmentswithoutadequateknowledge.C)Itreferstodeep-rootedbeliefsaboutsomeoneorsomething.D)Itmeansstickingtoone'sjudgmentsevenwhenprovedwrong.20.A)Theyoftenleadtowarbetweenreligiousgroups.B)Theykeepcertainoccupationsfromthriving.C)Theyallowmythsandhalf-truthstopersist.D)Theypreventusfromgettingtothetruth.21.A)Whenwestarttofeelsuperior.B)Whenwemixwithprejudicedpeople.C)Whenweliveinanisolatedneighborhood.D)Whenwetrytokeepupwiththosearoundus.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Motivated. C)Perplexed.B)Disappointed. D)Shocked.23.A)Theywouldchangewiththepassageoftime.B)Theywouldbenefityoungpeople'sadultlife.C)Theywouldhelpkidsgrow.D)Theywouldlastalifetime.24.A)Hehadbecomemature. C)Hehadlotsofstoriestotell.B)Hesufferedpoorhealth. D)HeregrettedleavingVietnam.25.A)Makefriendswithhisstudents.B)Showhisstudentshowtodotheirbest.C)Helphisstudentsgetthroughthegrowingpains.D)Sharehispersonalexperiencewithhisstudents.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thetaskoftheglobalstrategistofabusinessistobuildaplatformofcapabilitiesderivedfromtheresources,experiencesandinnovationsofunitsoperatinginmultiplelocations,totransplantthosecapabilitieswherever___26___,andthentosystematicallyupgradeandrenewthem-aheadofthecompetition.Appleisanoutstandingcaseofacompanywhoseuniquecapabilitiesgiveitaworldwide___27___advantage,particularlywithrespecttoitsabilitytobuildplatformsfromaproductbasethatintegratesfunctionaland___28___design.ApplehasbeenabletoleverageandexploititsCalifornia-baseddesignandmarketingadvantagessuccessfullythroughouttheworld.IKEAisanothersuchcase.Thedo-it-yourselffurnitureandhousewarecompanyfirstdevelopedacompellingsetofcapabilitiestodesign,manufactureand___29___furnitureatlowcostandsellitinanovelwayinSweden.Later,IKEAsuccessfully___30___thisformulainmanyothercountries.Bycontrast,Telefónica,aSpanishtelecommunicationscompanythatisnowtheworld'sfifthlargesttelecomby___31___,firstdevelopeditsspecialadvantageabroad.In1989and1990,TelefónicahadtheopportunitytoenterChileandArgentina,countriesthatsharedmanyinstitutionalandculturalcharacteristicswithitshomecountrybutthatwere___32___morerapidmarketreform.Throughoutthe1990s,TelefónicatookwhatitlearnedinChileandArgentinaaboutreconstructingformerstate-ownedtelecomstootherLatinAmericancountriesthatwereprivatizingtheirstatetelecomsandderegulatingtheirtelecommarkets.Theseexamplesmightleadthereadertobelievethatcreatingaglobaladvantageisaneasytask.Butmanyother___33___ofexpensivefailedexperimentssuggestthatcreatingalastingglobaladvantageactuallyrequiresagreatdealof___34___andoperationalfinesse(技巧).Ourresearchsuggeststhatglobalwinnerstypicallycreateandsustaintheirinternationalpresencethroughasystematicprocessof___35___,renewingandenhancingtheircorecapabilities.A)aestheticI)reproducedB)appropriateJ)revenuesC)clustersK)safeguardingD)competitiveL)shipE)exploitingM)strategicF)fiscalN)transcendG)instancesO)undergoingH)rehabilitatedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymakingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.FearofNature:AnEmergingThreattoConservationA)Whatdowelosewhennaturalspacesandspeciesdisappear?Increasingly,researchhasshownthatasspeciesandecosystemsvanish,italsochipsawayatourabilitytopreservewhatremains—becausewenolongerunderstandwhatwe'relosing.B)Youprobablyseeitallthetime.Theneighborwhoputspesticidesonhislawnratherthandealwithannoyingbees.Thepoliticianwhovotesagainstwildlifeprotectionbecauseshe'sneverseenawolfinthewild.Thecorporationthatwantstobulldoze(用推土机推平)thehabitatofararefrog.C)Atbestthiscanbetermed"theextinctionofexperience,"whereourculturalandnaturalhistoriesfadefromourmemoriesandthereforeourreality.Atitsworstitbecomessomethingevenmoreconcerning:"biophobia,"thefearoflivingthingsandacompleteaversiontonature.D)Thisisn'tthefictionoflivinginacold,emptydystopia(绝望的世界).Sadly,it'sbecomingawayoflifefortoomanypeople—especiallychildren.ArecentstudyinJapanpaintsastrikingportraitofthisproblem.Asurveyofmorethan5,300schoolchildrenintheTochigiPrefectureexaminedtheirperceptionof14localinsectspeciesandonespider.Theresults?Acollective"ew!"Mostofthestudentssawthespeciesasthingstodislikeorfear,orevenassourcesofdanger.Thelessexperiencethestudentshadwithnature,themorenegativetheirfeelings.E)TheresultswerepublishedearlierthisyearinthejournalBiologicalConservation.LeadresearcherMasashiSogawiththeUniversityofTokyosaysthestudystemmedfromobservationsabouttoday'snature-deficientchildren."Humansinherentlyavoiddangerousorganismssuchasbees,butchildrenthesedaysavoidevenharmlessinsectssuchasbutterfliesanddragonflies(蜻蜓),"hesays."Ihavelongwonderedwhysomanyoftoday'schildrenreactlikethis."F)Althoughthechildren'sreactionsweresomewhatexpected,thenewstudydidcontainanunexpectedfinding:Manyofthesurveyedchildrenrevealedthattheirparentsalsoexpressedfearordisgustofthesameanimals.Infacttheseparentalemotionswerestrongenoughtooverwhelmanypositiveexperiencesthechildrenmighthavegainedfromdirectexperiencesinnature.AsSogaandhiscoauthorswroteintheirpaper,"Ourresultssuggestthatthereislikelyafeedbackloopinwhichanincreaseinpeoplewhohavenegativeattitudestowardsnatureinonegenerationwillleadtoafurtherincreaseinpeoplewithsimilarattitudesinthenextgeneration."G)Andthat'spossiblythegreaterthreatposedbyextinctionofexperience.Sogasuggeststhegenerationalloss—aconditionpreviouslydubbedenvironmentalgenerationalamnesia(遗忘)-couldchipawayatoursocietalabilitytopreservewhatwe'relosing."Ibelievethatincreasedbiophobiaisamajor,butinvisible,threattoglobalbiodiversity,"Sogasays."Asthenumberofchildrenwhohavebiophobiaincreases,publicinterestandsupportforbiodiversityconservationwillgraduallydecline.Althoughmanyconservationbiologistsstillconsiderthatpreventingthelossofwildlifehabitatisthemostimportantwaytoconservebiodiversity,Ithinkpreventingincreasedbiophobiaisalsoimportantforconservation."H)What'stobedoneaboutthis?Thepapermakesseveralrecommendations,themostobviousofwhichisthatchildrenshouldexperiencenaturemoreoften.Theauthorsalsosuggestestablishingpoliciestoguidethesenaturalexperiencesandincreasingeducationalprogramsaboutthenaturalworld.I)Helpingparentstoseespeciesaroundtheminanewlightwouldmakeadifference,too.And,ofcourse,maintainingsupportforpreservingthewildspaceswherethese"scary"creaturesliveisthemostimportantthingofall.That'sapointreinforcedbyanotherrecentstudy,whichfoundthatwildspaceslocatedwithinurbanareasandtheplantsandanimalsthatthriveinthem-areparticularlyimportantforhumanhealthandwell-being.J)PublishedinthejournalFrontiersinSustainableCities,thestudyexaminedattitudestowardDiscoveryPark,theheavilyforested534-acrepublicparkinSeattle,Washington.Itfoundthatthepublichadthemostappreciationfor-andgainedthemostvaluefrom-thewildestpartsofthepark."Ihaveseenwhales,seals,fish,eagles,shorebirdsandmanyotherseacreaturesintheirnaturalhabitat,"onesurveyparticipantwrote."Comingherewithpeoplehasallowedmetoconnectandtalkwiththemaboutconversationthatsimplydoesnothappenineverydaylife,"wroteanother.K)Theparticipantsreportedthattheirmostvaluableexperiencesintheparkincludedencounteringwildlife,walkingthroughopenspaces,exploringthebeachandfindingbeautifulviews."Wesawthatalargemajorityofparticipants'interactions,especiallytheirmostmeaningfulinteractions,dependedonDiscoveryPark'srelativewildness,"saysleadauthorElizabethLev,amaster'sstudentintheuniversityofWashington'sHumanInteractionwithNatureLab.Thisisonlypossiblebecausetheparkisrelativelywild.Afterall,youcan'tenjoywatchingbirdsiftherearenobirdstofollow;gazeatthesunsetifit'sobscuredbyskyscrapers;orstopandsmelltheflowersiftheydon'thaveroomtogrow.L)Andyeteventhislong-protectedspacecouldsomedaybecomelesshospitabletonature.OverthepastfewyearsalotofpeopleandorganizationshavesuggesteddevelopingpartsofDiscoveryParkortheneighboringarea.Mostrecentlyaplanproposedbuilding34acresofmuch-neededaffordablehousingandparkingspacesadjacenttothepark,bringingwiththemnoise,trafficandpollution.M)Ifanythinglikethathappened,boththeparkandthepeopleofSeattlecouldlosesomethingvital.AndthatwouldcontinuethetrendofchippingawayatSeattle's-andtheworld's-naturalspaces,leavingjusttinypocketparksandgreen-but-emptyspacesthatofferlittlerealvaluetowildlife,plantsorpeople.N)"Itistruethatanyinteractionwithnatureisbetterthannone,butIdon'twantpeopletobesatisfiedwithanysmallbitofgrassandtrees,"Levsays."Wehavebeeninthiscycleofenvironmentalgenerationalamnesiaforalongtime,wherethebaselinekeepsshiftingandwedon'tevenrealizewhatwe'relosinguntilit'sgone.Ifwecangetpeopletounderstandhowmuchmeaningandvaluecancomefromhavingmoreexperienceswithmorewildformsofnature,thenmaybewecanstopthiscycleandmovetowardconservingandrestoringwhatwehaveleft.O)Buildingthisunderstandinginanever-morefearfulanddisconnectedworldmaybethebiggestchallenge.PeterKahn,theseniorauthorofLev'spaperandthedirectoroftheHumanInteractionwithNatureLab,madeseveralsuggestionsforbridgingthisgapinthis2011book,TechnologicalNature.Theyechotherecommendationaboutgettingchildrenintonature,butalsoincludetellingstoriesofhowthingsusedtobe,imaginingwhatthingsmightbelikeinthefuture,anddevelopingacommonlanguageaboutnature,"awayofspeakingaboutwildanddomesticinteractionpatterns,andthemeaningful,deepandoftenjoyfulfeelingsthattheygenerate."P)Nomatterwhattechniquesweuse,thisgrowingfieldofresearchillustratesthatsavingnaturerequiresencouragingpeopletoexperienceitmoreoftenandmoredeeply.Thatcallsforadditionalresearch-Levandhercoauthorshavepublishedatoolkitthatothermunicipalitiescanfollowtostudythevalueoftheirownwildspaces-andclearcommunicationoftheresults."Ifwecancontinuetoshowpeoplethebenefitsofthesewildspaces,"Levsays,"maybepeoplewillbegintoseemorevalueinkeepingtheseareasundeveloped—forthesakeofourmutualbenefit.”36.Anewstudyfoundparents'aversiontocertainanimalswouldpassontotheirchildren.37.Thedisappearanceofspeciesandecologicalsystemserodesourabilitytokeepwhatisleft.38.AstudyshowedthatthewildestareasofDiscoveryParkappealedmosttothepublic.39.Thefearoflivingorganismsisbecomingmoreworrisome.40.Preventingtheincreaseinchildren'sfearoflivingcreaturesisalsoimportantforconservingbiodiversity.harmlessones.41.Researchshowsthatmoreanddeeperexperiencepeoplehavewithnaturewillhelpsaveit.42.Thoughhumansnaturallytendtoavoiddangerousanimals,today'schildrentrytostayawayfromevenresidents.43.DevelopmentinandaroundDiscoveryParkcouldcauseheavylossestotheparkandthelocal44.Alargesurveyofschoolchildrenfoundthattheirnegativefeelingsgrewastheirexperiencewithnaturediminished.45.ElizabethLevbelievesincreasedcontactwithmorewildlifehelpsconservebiodiversity.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.SomepeopleintheUShaveassertedthatforgivingstudentloandebtisonewaytostimulatetheeconomyandgiveassistancetothoseinneed.Onegovernmentpropositionistoeliminate$10,000ofdebtfor'economicallydistressed'students.SomeinUSCongresshavegonesofarastosuggestforgivingupto$50,000indebtperstudentborrower,butdoesforgivingstudentdebtnecessarilycorrelatetohelpingtheeconomicallydisadvantaged?Theanswerisno.Thispolicyisjustgivingmoneyawaytouniversitiesandthemostaffluentstudentsinattendance.FederalReservedatarevealsthatthehighest-income40percentofhouseholdsoweapproximately60percentofoutstandingstudentdebt,whilethelowest40percentowejustunder20percent.Thiscouldbeduetoacombinationoffactors:studentsfromhigh-incomehouseholdsaremorelikelytogotoexpensivecolleges,lesslikelytoreceivefinancialaid,andmorelikelytohavehighincomespost-graduation.Plus,themajorityofstudentdebtisheldbygraduatedegreeearners,whoearnapproximately25percentmorethantheirundergraduatecounterparts.Clearly,givingfreereigntobankstoforgivestudentdebtisastepinthewrongdirection.Otherproposalsforbroader,long-termstudentloanplanshavesomefundamentalproblems.Oneideaistocancelstudentdebtonlyforundergraduatedegreesandforstudentsmakinglessthan$125,000.ThisattemptstoaddressthefactthatCongress'previouslymentionedstudentloanforgivenessplanlargelyhelpsoutthewealthy,butisanadverseincentiveforuniversitiestokeepraisingtuitionandforstudentstochoosetomajorinlow-earningdegreeprograms.Collegeshavenoreasontomaketheirprogramsmoreaffordableiftheybelievestudentswilljusttakeoutmoredebt.And,studentswillfeelmorecomfortablemakingtheirresponsibledecisiontogotensofthousandsofdollarsindebttomajorinimpracticaloridealisticsubjectsiftheyknowtheirloanswillbeforgiven.Thisisespeciallyconcerninggiventhepandemic(大流行病)hasrenderedacollegeeducationpracticallyworthless.StudentsarepayingtensofthousandsofdollarsperyeartoliveathomeandbelecturedontheInternet.Dowereallywanttotellcollegesthattheycangetawaywithprovidingbelow-averageserviceforanoutrageouscost?Inthecaseofanyofthesestudentdebtplans,working-classAmericanswhochosenottoorcouldnotaffordtogotocollegewillbesubsidizingtheeducationoftheprofessionalclass.Plumbersandretailworkerswillbepayingforthedegreesofdoctorsandlawyers.TheUSgovernment'sefforttohelpthoseindebtiscommendablebutisthisreallythesolutionthatwillhelpthepoorfinanciallyrecover?46.Whydosomepeopleadvocateforgivingstudentloandebt?A)Theyassertitwillnarrowthegapbetweenthewealthyandthepoor.B)Theybelieveitwillbenefitboththeeconomyandtheunderprivileged.C)Theyclaimitwilleliminateeconomicdistressamongcollegestudents.D)Theythinkthecostofeducationistheresponsibilityofthegovernment.47.WhatdowelearnfromtheFederalReservedata?A)Approximately60%ofstudentdebtremainsunpaid.B)Cancellingstudentdebtbenefitswealthyfamiliesmost.C)Forgivingstudentdebtprovideslittlebenefittouniversities.D)Low-incomefamiliesowethebiggestamountofstudentdebt.48.Whatdoestheauthorsaystudentsarelikelytodoiftheyknowtheyneedn'trepaytheirloans?A)Theywillchoosetostudysubjectswithoutconsideringtheirjobprospects.B)Theywillbefreetopursuetheirgoalswithoutbeingburdenedfinancially.C)Theywillover-borrowandlivebeyondtheirmeans.D)Theywillbeabletoenrollinexpensiveuniversities.49.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutcollegesofferingonlineeducation?A)Theycannotgetawaywiththeseriousconsequences.B)Theyhavesufferedgreatlyfromthecurrentpandemic.C)Thetuitiontheychargeisnotjustifiedbythequalityoftheirservice.D)Thetuitiontheychargehassurgedoutrageouslyduringthepandemic.50.Whatwillhappenifanyoftheproposedstudentdebtplansisimplemented?A)Plumbersandretailworkerswillhaveachanceofbecomingprofessionals.B)Working-classstudentswillhaveincreasingaccesstosubsidizededucation.C)Blue-collarworkerswillhavetobearthecostofeducatingwould-behigh-earners.D)Agrowingnumberofstudentswillbeabletoearndegreesinmedicineandlaw.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifthere'sonerulethatmostparentsclingtointheconfusing,fast-changingworldofkidsandmedia,it’s"Noscreensbeforeage2."Asoftoday,thatrulehasbeenthrownoutthewindow.TheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics(AAP),whichfirstissuedthatrecommendationbackin1999,hasextensivelyupdatedandreviseditsguidelinesforchildrenandadolescentstoreflectnewresearchandnewhabits.Thenewguidelines,especiallyforveryyoungchildren,shiftthefocusfromWHATisonthescreentoWHOelseisintheroom.Andindoingso,theyraisesomeintriguingpointsaboutthefutureoflearningfrommedia.Forbabiesyoungerthan18months,AAPstillsaysnoscreensatallarethebestidea-withonenotableexception:Livevideochat.Surveysindicatethatfamiliesalreadypopularlybelievethat"Facetimedoesn'tcount",oratleastthatthebenefitofvirtualvisitswithgrandparentsorotherrelativesoutweighsthepotentialcostofexposingbabiestothelaptoporsmartphone.TheAAPdoesn'tcitepositiveevidencethatinfantsactuallygetsomethingoutofthiskindof"conversation",thewaythattheyclearlydofromlivesocialinteraction.Butthere'ssomeobservationalresearchthatinfantsasyoungassixmonthsoldareemotionallyengagedbyplayinglivepeekaboo(躲猫猫游戏)withGrandmaonline.Forinfantsandtoddlers(学步儿童),ages15monthsto2yearsold,there'slimitedevidencefromacoupleofverysmallstudiesthattheycanlearnnewwordsfromeducationalmedia,ifandonlyifparentsarewatchingalongsidethem,repeatingwhatthevideosaysand/ordrawingattentiontowhatisonthescreen.Inotherwords,treatingavideooranapplikeapicturebookisthebestbet.Theflipsideofthisisthatmanystudieshaveactuallyshownpo