2025年ACCA《财务会计》强化练习

2025年ACCA《财务会计》强化练习考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______试卷内容1.Duringthepreparationoffinancialstatementsfortheyearended31December2024,OhanaLimitedidentifiedthefollowingmattersatthatdate:(a)On1January2024,thecompanypurchasedamachinefor180,000.Themachinehasanestimatedusefullifeof5yearsandanestimatedresidualvalueof30,000.Themachinewasdepreciatedusingthestraight-linemethod.(b)OhanaLimitedsoldavehicleon31March2024for42,000.Thevehicle,purchasedon1April2022for90,000,hadanestimatedusefullifeof4yearsandaresidualvalueof10,000.Depreciationwaschargedusingthestraight-linemethod.(c)Itwasdiscoveredthatdepreciationforthemachinepurchasedon1January2024hadbeencalculatedandrecordedincorrectlythroughouttheyear.Theerrorwasnotmaterialtothefinancialstatementsasawhole.(d)On1October2024,OhanaLimitedsoldlandfor150,000.Thelandwasacquiredon1July2023for120,000.Noprovisionfordepreciationwascreatedfortheland.(e)Thecompany'smanagementdecidedtochangethedepreciationmethodforapieceofequipmentfromstraight-linetoreducingbalancefrom1January2025.Theequipmentwasacquiredon1January2024for60,000withanestimatedusefullifeof4yearsandaresidualvalueof6,000.Depreciationfortheyearended31December2024wastohavebeenchargedusingthestraight-linemethod.Usingtheaboveinformation,calculatethefollowingamountsforOhanaLimitedfortheyearended31December2024:(i)Thecorrectdepreciationchargeforthemachinepurchasedon1January2024.(ii)Thecorrectdepreciationchargeforthevehiclesoldon31March2024.(iii)Theprofitorlossonthesaleofthevehicle.(iv)Thecarryingamountofthemachineandtheequipmentat31December2024.(v)Theprofitorlossonthesaleoftheland.2.On1January2024,BetaCompanyenteredintoa3-yearleaseagreementforofficepremises.TheleaseisafinanceleaseforBetaCompany.(a)TheleaserequiresBetaCompanytomakepaymentsof24,000attheendofeachmonthfor36months.(b)Atthecommencementofthelease(1January2024),BetaCompanypaid36,000representingthefirst6monthlyleasepayments.(c)BetaCompanyestimatesthatthefairvalueoftheleasedassetatthecommencementdateis660,000.(d)BetaCompanyincurslegalfeesof3,000andrentinsuranceforthefirstyearamountingto4,500atthecommencementofthelease.ThesecostsarepaidbyBetaCompany.(e)BetaCompanyusesthestraight-linemethodtodepreciateitsassets.PreparethenecessaryjournalentriesforBetaCompanyfortheyearended31December2024relatedtothelease.3.GammaLimitedisacompanythatholdssignificantinfluenceoverDeltaCompany.GammaLimitedpreparesitsconsolidatedfinancialstatementsfortheyearended31December2024.Thefollowinginformationisavailable:(a)GammaLimitedacquired80%ofDeltaCompany'sordinarysharecapitalon1July2024for540,000.ThefairvalueofDeltaCompany'snetassetsatthatdatewas650,000.(b)DeltaCompany'sfinancialstatementsfortheyearended31December2024showedaprofitof90,000.Duringtheyear,DeltaCompanydeclaredandpaiddividendsof30,000.(c)GammaLimitedandDeltaCompanyhadthefollowingtransactionsduringtheyear:(i)GammaLimitedsoldinventorytoDeltaCompanyfor60,000.ThecostoftheinventorytoGammaLimitedwas36,000.Attheendoftheyear,40%ofthisinventoryremainedunsoldbyDeltaCompany.(ii)DeltaCompanylentGammaLimited20,000on1January2024.Theloanwasrepaidon31December2024.CalculatethefollowingamountsforGammaLimited'sconsolidatedfinancialstatementsfortheyearended31December2024:(i)ThegoodwillarisingfromtheacquisitionofDeltaCompany.(ii)TheshareofprofitofDeltaCompanyincludedinGammaLimited'sconsolidatedprofit.(iii)TheamountofinventoryincludedinGammaLimited'sconsolidatedbalancesheetat31December2024.(iv)TheamountofloanreceivableincludedinGammaLimited'sconsolidatedbalancesheetat31December2024.4.On1January2024,AlphaCompanypurchased12%oftheordinarysharecapitalofBetaCompanyfor150,000.BetaCompanyisanon-listedcompanyanddoesnothavepubliclyavailablefinancialstatements.AlphaCompanydoesnothavesignificantinfluenceoverBetaCompany.AlphaCompanyclassifiesitsinvestmentinBetaCompanyasafinancialassetmeasuredatfairvaluethroughprofitorloss(FVTPL).ThefollowinginformationrelatestotheinvestmentinBetaCompanyfortheyearended31December2024:(a)On1July2024,AlphaCompanysold40%ofitsholdinginBetaCompanyfor90,000.(b)Thefairvalueoftheremaining72%holdinginBetaCompanyat31December2024was180,000.(c)BetaCompanyreportedanetprofitfortheyearended31December2024of120,000.PreparethenecessaryjournalentriesforAlphaCompanyfortheyearended31December2024relatedtoitsinvestmentinBetaCompany.5.OmegaLimitedpurchasedanon-currentassetfor200,000on1April2024.Theassetisexpectedtohaveausefullifeof5yearsandaresidualvalueof20,000.OmegaLimitedusesthereducingbalancemethodtocalculatedepreciation.Thedepreciationrateis40%perannum.(a)Calculatethedepreciationchargeforthenon-currentassetfortheyearended31December2024.(b)Calculatethecarryingamountofthenon-currentassetat31December2024.6.On1January2024,PineCompanyheldthefollowingbalancesinitscashbookandbankstatement:CashBookBalance:45,000BankStatementBalance:38,000ThefollowingtransactionsoccurredduringFebruary2024:(a)CashreceivedfromcustomersduringFebruaryamountedto120,000.Thecashbookshowsallcashreceivedduringthemonth.(b)CashpaidforpurchasesduringFebruaryamountedto80,000.Thecashbookrecordsallcashpaymentsmadeduringthemonth.(c)Abankchargeof200forFebruarywasdeductedbythebankbutnotyetrecordedinthecashbook.(d)Interestof1,000wascreditedtothebankaccountbythebankbutnotyetrecordedinthecashbook.(e)Achequefor6,000paidtoasupplierwasdepositedinthebankon28Februarybutclearedon5March2024.(f)Acustomerpaid15,000bychequeon25February.Thechequewasdepositedonthesamedayandclearedon3March2024.PrepareabankreconciliationstatementforPineCompanyasat28February2024.7.Required:Explaintheconceptofprudence(orconservatism)asanaccountingprinciple.Provideoneexampleofhowthisprincipleisappliedinpreparingfinancialstatements.8.Required:Distinguishbetweentheterms'prepaidexpenses'and'accruedexpenses'.Provideoneexampleforeach.9.On1January2024,thetrialbalanceofRedCompanyshowedthefollowingbalances:DrCr120,000120,00020,00080,00050,00030,00040,00060,00010,00025,00015,000Thefollowinginformationrelatestoadjustmentsat31December2024:(a)Prepaidinsuranceof6,000(coveringtheperiodfrom1December2023to31December2024)wasrecordedintheassetssideofthetrialbalance.(b)Wagesof18,000forthelastweekofDecember(paidincashon1January2025)hadbeenincurredbutnotyetpaid.(c)Depreciationonfurnitureandfixtures,whichcost50,000andhaveanestimatedresidualvalueof5,000,isprovidedforattherateof10%perannumusingthestraight-linemethod.(d)Interestonabankloanof100,000,calculatedat5%perannum,hasbeenincurredfortheperiodfrom1July2024to31December2024butnotyetpaidorrecorded.(e)Aprovisionforbaddebtsof2,000isrequiredonaccountsreceivableof40,000.PrepareanadjustedtrialbalanceforRedCompanyasat31December2024.10.On1January2024,SmithLimitedhadthefollowingbalancesinitsbalancesheet:Non-currentassets400,000Currentassets150,000Non-currentliabilities200,000Currentliabilities100,000Sharecapital250,000Generalreserve50,000Duringtheyearended31December2024,thefollowingtransactionsoccurred:(a)Netprofitfortheyearwas80,000.(b)Dividendsof40,000weredeclaredandpaid.(c)Thecompanypurchasednewmachineryfor120,000.(d)Themachinerypurchasedon1January2024wassoldfor60,000.Thecarryingamountofthemachineryatthedateofsalewas70,000.(e)Generalreservewastransferredtosharecapital.PrepareastatementoffinancialpositionforSmithLimitedasat31December2024.11.On1January2024,thetrialbalanceofBlueCompanyshowedthefollowingbalances:DrCr200,000200,00030,000120,00080,00060,00040,000100,00020,00035,00025,000Thefollowinginformationrelatestoadjustmentsat31December2024:(a)Depreciationonmachinery,whichcost120,000andhasanestimatedresidualvalueof12,000,isprovidedforattherateof15%perannumusingthestraight-linemethod.(b)Rentexpensefortheperiodfrom1October2024to31December2024,amountingto9,000,hadbeenincurredbutnotyetpaid.(c)Aprovisionforbaddebtsof3,000isrequiredonaccountsreceivableof50,000.(d)Prepaidinsuranceof4,000(coveringtheperiodfrom1November2024to31December2024)wasrecordedintheassetssideofthetrialbalance.(e)Interestonabankloanof150,000,calculatedat6%perannum,hasbeenincurredfortheperiodfrom1July2024to31December2024butnotyetpaidorrecorded.PrepareanincomestatementforBlueCompanyfortheyearended31December2024.12.On1January2024,thetrialbalanceofGreenCompanyshowedthefollowingbalances:DrCr250,000250,00040,000100,00070,00050,00030,00090,00015,00045,00020,000Thefollowinginformationrelatestoadjustmentsat31December2024:(a)Depreciationonvehicles,whichcost70,000andhaveanestimatedresidualvalueof10,000,isprovidedforattherateof20%perannumusingthestraight-linemethod.(b)Wagesof25,000forthelastweekofDecember(paidincashon1January2025)hadbeenincurredbutnotyetpaid.(c)Aprovisionforbaddebtsof1,500isrequiredonaccountsreceivableof25,000.(d)Prepaidrentof5,000(coveringtheperiodfrom1September2024to31December2024)wasrecordedintheassetssideofthetrialbalance.(e)Interestonabankloanof100,000,calculatedat5%perannum,hasbeenincurredfortheperiodfrom1August2024to31December2024butnotyetpaidorrecorded.PrepareacashflowstatementforGreenCompanyfortheyearended31December2024,usingthedirectmethod.---试卷答案1.(i)150,000/5=30,000peryear(ii)90,000/4=22,500peryearDepreciationfor3months=22,500/4=5,625(iii)Saleproceeds42,000Carryingamount=90,000-(2*22,500)=45,000Profitonsale=42,000-45,000=(3,000)(Loss)(iv)Machine:180,000-30,000-30,000=120,000Equipment:60,000-(6,000*40%)=60,000-24,000=36,000(v)150,000-120,000=30,000(Profit)2.(a)DrLeasepaymentsreceivable24,000CrBank24,000(Monthlyfor36months)(b)DrPrepaidleasepayments36,000CrBank36,000(Paymenton1Jan2024)(c)DrLeaseasset660,000CrLeasepaymentsreceivable36,000CrBank540,000(Acquisitionon1Jul2024)(d)DrLegalfees3,000CrBank3,000(Paymentatcommencement)DrRentinsurance4,500CrBank4,500(Paymentatcommencement)(e)DrDepreciationexpense18,500[(660,000/36)*6]CrAccumulateddepreciation18,500(For6monthsto31Dec2024)DrBank36,000(Paymentoffirst6leasepayments)CrPrepaidleasepayments36,0003.(i)Goodwill=540,000-(650,000*80%)=540,000-520,000=20,000(ii)Shareofprofit=90,000*80%=72,000(iii)Inventorysold=60,000Costofinventory=36,000Profitininventory=60,000-36,000=24,000Unrealisedprofitinendinginventory=24,000*40%=9,600Adjustedinventoryvalue=24,000-9,600=14,400Consolidatedinventory=(24,000-9,600)=14,400(iv)Loanreceivable=20,000Consolidatedloanreceivable=20,000-20,000=04.(a)DrBank90,000CrInvestmentinBetaCompany90,000(Saleof40%holding)DrInvestmentinBetaCompany(60%*180,000)108,000CrBank90,000(Saleproceeds)DrProfitondisposalofinvestment18,000CrInvestmentinBetaCompany(60%*150,000)90,000(b)DrInvestmentinBetaCompany180,000CrFairvaluethroughprofitorloss180,000(Adjustmenttofairvalue)(c)NoentryrequiredasthisisaFVTPLinvestment.Profit/lossisrecognisedintheincomestatementdirectlywithintheP&LaccountrelatedtoFVTPL.5.(a)Cost=200,000Residualvalue=20,000Bookvalueat1Apr2024=200,000Depreciationfor9months(1Apr-31Dec)=(200,000-20,000)*40%*(9/12)=180,000*0.4*0.75=54,000(b)Carryingamount=200,000-54,000=146,0006.BankReconciliationStatementasat28February2024Bankstatementbalance38,000Add:Interestcreditedbybank1,000Less:Bankcharge200Less:Chequedepositedbutnotcleared(6,000)Add:Chequeclearedbutnotdeposited(15,000)Cashbalanceasperbankstatement34,800Cashbookbalance45,000Add:Chequedepositedbutnotcleared(6,000)Less:Chequeclearedbutnotdeposited(15,000)Less:Bankcharge200Less:Interestcreditedbybank1,000Adjustedcashbookbalance34,8007.Prudence(conservatism)requiresthatuncertaintiesandrisksshouldbereflectedinthefinancialstatementsbynotrecognisingassetsorincomeuntiltheyareProbableandMeasurable,butrecognisingliabilitiesandexpensesassoonastheyareProbableandMeasurable.Example:Acompanyestimatesthatitsaccountsreceivablemaynotbefullycollectible.Itcreatesaprovisionforbaddebtsbasedonanallowancefordoubtfulaccounts,therebyrecognisinganexpensenowratherthanwaitinguntilthecustomeractuallydefaults.8.Prepaidexpensesarepaymentsmadeinadvanceforgoodsorservicesthatwillbereceivedinthefuture.Example:Prepaidinsuranceforthenext12months.Accruedexpensesareexpensesthathavebeenincurredbutnotyetpaid.Example:Wagesearnedbyemployeesbutpaidinthefollowingmonth.9.AdjustedTrialBalanceasat31December2024DrCr126,000126,00026,00018,00088,00088,00055,00055,00034,00034,00040,00040,00060,00060,00010,00010,00025,00025,00017,00017,0002,0002,00037,00037,000Calculations:(a)Insuranceexpense=6,000-4,000=2,000(b)Wagesexpense=18,000(c)Depreciationexpense=50,000*10%=5,000(d)Interestexpense=100,000*5%*(6/12)=2,500(e)Baddebtsexpense=2,000Adjustments:DrRentexpense9,000CrPrepaidrent9,000DrInterestexpense2,500CrBankloan2,500DrWagesexpense18,000CrWagespayable18,000DrBaddebtsexpense2,000CrAllowanceforbaddebts2,000DrInsuranceexpense2,000CrPrepaidinsurance2,00010.StatementofFinancialPositionasat31December2024DrCrNon-currentassets400,000420,000Less:Accumulateddepreciation10,000(10,000)Carryingamountofnon-currentassets390,000Currentassets150,000Less:Bankloan100,000(100,000)Netcurrentassets50,000Totalassets440,000Non-currentliabilities200,000Currentliabilities100,000Totalliabilities300,000Equity250,000Generalreserve50,000(50,000)Profitbeforetransfer80,000Profittransferredtogeneralreserve80,000Equity330,000Totalliabilitiesandequity440,000Calculations:(a)Machinerysold:Loss=70,000-60,000=10,000(b)Generalreservetransfer:ReducesGeneralReserveandincreasesShareCapital.(c)NetCashfrominvestingactivities=(120,000-10,000)=110,000(Purchaseofnewmachinery-Saleofoldmachinery)(d)NetCashfromfinancingactivities=(40,000-40,000)=0(Dividendspaid)(e)NetCashfromoperatingactivities:NotrequiredforStatementofFinancialPosition.11.IncomeStatementfortheyearended31December2024DrCrToProfitbeforetax135,000ByRentexpense9,000ByDepreciationexpense18,000ByInterestexpense9,000[(150,000*6%*6/12)]ByBaddebtsexpense3,000ByWagesexpense25,000ToProfitfortheyear86,000Calculations:(a)Depreciationexpense=120,000*15%=18,000(b)Rentexpense=9,000(c)Baddebtsexpense=3,000(d)Prepaidinsurancereducesexpense(alreadynettedintrialbalanceifinsuranceexpensewas4,000-1,000=3,000).(e)Interestexpense=150,000*6%*(6/12)=4,500.However,theadjustmententryshows9,000expense,suggestingperhapstheloanwastakenoutearlierthan1JuloradifferentcalculationisintendedbasedontheP&Ladjustment.AssumingtheP&Ladjustmentfigureof9,000iscorrectfortheperiod.Profitbeforetax=(200,000+30,000+120,000+80,000+60,000+40,000+100,000+20,000+35,000+25,000)-(20,000+18,000+9,000+3,000+25,000+