最后十课 语法填空【进阶篇】 知识清单

最后十课语法填空【进阶篇】知识清单一、动词①谓语长啥样be动词：am,is,are,was,were,hadbeen..实义动词：loves,hated,arerunning,waseating,haddone,havebeenworking…情态动词+动原:cando,canbedone,willbe,havetodo…助动词+动原：doesn’tlike,didn’tknow…❎flying,toeat,eaten,tobeheld,havingfinished,havingbeentold…②当动词的过去式变形为AAA，ABB结构，需要分辨动词作谓语or非谓语eg:Thebridgerepairedlastmonthconnectedthetwovillages.___________________________________________________________________________作谓语，三步走先语态①不要忘②bedone结构不能错送分信号情态动词+bedone后时态①一过：在过去结束了的动作Sb.wasdoingsth.when...did...Sb.wasabouttodosth.when...did...Itishightimethatsb.did/shoulddosth.②一现：客观事实、真理永一现③现完：自从曾经到现在，刚刚已经有几年since/ever/never/uptonowjust/already/for3years/weeks...Itisthe序数词timethatsb.have/hasdonesth.④过完：过去的过去bythetime/betheendof+过去时间Itwasthe序数词timethatsb.haddonesth.HardlyhadAdonesth.whenBdid...NosoonerhadAdonesth.thanBdid...主谓一致别忘记①语法一致由语法决定②意义一致由意义决定③就近一致“就远415"4个和:with/alongwith/togetherwith/aswellas1个不是—ratherthan1个包括—including5个除了—besides/except/but/apartfrom/inadditionto警惕！上下句时态不一定一致词性转换①名词加en变动词strength-strengthen,length-lengthen②形容词加en变动词enrich,sharpen③名词加ify/ize变动词classify,emphasize④形容词加ify/ize变动词simplify,civilize部分倒装&全部倒装(NAOSHI)eg:Herecomesthesun!①here,there,now,then等副词eg:High

ona

hill

was

a

lonely

goatherd…（stand,lie…）②表示地点的介词短语eg:Incamethestudents.③out,in,up,down,away等副词eg:Suchwasthesongshesangtome.④such置于句首的两种倒装：当“such”表示“如此”“这样”，用来指代前面提到的情况时，句子采用“Such+be+主语+其他”结构的部分倒装。当“such”修饰名词且位于句首时，句子采用“Such+名词+谓语+主语”结构的完全倒装。作非谓语，三步走找特殊①有固搭tendtodo/riskdoing;prep.+doing;chance/courage/plan...todo;whattodo/howtodoit②不定式表目的/意外的结果（only）todo/tobedone(不要忘)③表情绪的adj.后I’mgladtomeetyou!主被动主动doing被动done①设空在主句里，名词后（少数情况在名词前）→由前后名词决定主被动②设空在主句外，与主句用逗号隔开→由主句主语决定主被动先后序明显需要强调非谓语动作先于谓语动作发生Havingstudiedhard,hepassedtheexameasily.Havingbeenpraisedbytheteacher,thegirlbecamemoreconfident.明显表达对将来某个动作的期望、要求Theteacherorderedthehomeworktobehandedinbeforeclass.Shewishesherbooktobepublishedsoon.送分信号featuring,datingbacktoaccustomedto,basedon,lostincomparedwith,comparing难点动词活用接doing‌考虑建议盼原谅‌：consider（考虑）suggest（建议）advocate（提倡）lookforwardto（盼望）forgive（原谅）pardon（原谅）‌承认推迟没得想‌：acknowledge（承认）admit（承认）postpone（延迟）、delay（延迟）recall（回想）fancy（幻想、爱好）‌避免错过继续练‌：avoid（避免）miss（错过）keep（保持）practise（练习、实践）‌否定完成停欣赏‌：deny（否认）complete（完成）finish（完成）cease（停止）quit（放弃停止）appreciate（感激欣赏）‌禁止想象才冒险‌：forbid（禁止）prevent（阻止）imagine（设想）risk（冒险）‌不禁介意弃逃亡‌：can‘thelp（不禁）mind（介意）escape（逃跑、逃避）接todo‌三个希望两答应‌：hope（希望）wish（希望）want（想要）agree（同意）promise（承诺）‌两个要求莫拒绝‌：demand（要求）ask（请求）refuse（拒绝）‌设法学会做决定‌：manage（设法）learn（学习）decide（决定）‌不要假装在选择‌：pretend（假装）choose（选择）二、连词并列连词从属连词*可以连接句子，也可以连接相等成分表并列、顺承and，表转折but/yet表因果so/for，表对比while表选择or（表警告、解释）,nor那些年我们嗑过的CPeither…or,neither…nor,not…but…notonly…butalso,both…and…*定从＞名从＞状从①定从：去掉从句，主句完整限制性定从：对主句里的一个名词起修饰、限定的作用非限定从：对主句起补充作用，其中which一般翻译成“这...”，as翻译成“正如…”②名从：去掉从句，主句不完整(除同从)谓语动词前的主从；谓语动词后的宾从系动词后的表从；解释前面名词具体内容的同从同从vs定从——划等号检验③状从：去掉从句，主句完整提供“时间/条件/原因/目的/结果，让步/比较/地点/方式”等信息送分信号“祈连陈”so形副that...；such名词that...not…until；whether...ornotItwillbe段时间beforeitis段时间sinceItis…that…(强调句)空后还有谓语动词，填连词！先看主干1）缺：名从2）不缺：定从、同从、状从再看从句①不缺，连接词that不缺，需补“是否”-连接词whether/if不缺，需补时间/方式、程度/原因…-连接副词when/how/why…缺，依句意-连接代词what/who/which…②定从缺，关系代词定从不缺，关系副词和whose同从不缺看名词，连接词that状从依句意，从属连词(时条原目结，让比地方)定从vs名从（同从）vs状从Theknowledgethatwelearnfrom77isveryuseful.（that关系代词）Weallholdthebeliefthatlearningcontinuouslycanbroadenourhorizons.Ibelievethatlearningisalifelongprocess.（that连接词）Westudysohardthatwehavemadegreatprogressinlearning.（that从属连词）数词小贴士序数词别拼错！first,second,third,ninth,twelfth,twe