高中英语 单元语法专练(动词短语)

单元语法专练(动词短语)(分值：97分)授课提示：对应学生用书79页Ⅰ.短语填空(每空1.5分，满分15分)holdon,leadto,leaveout,runout,takeup,getin,breakout,carryon,comeabout,comedown1．Iwasstillsleepingwhenthefire____________，andthenitspreadquickly.答案：brokeout解析：breakout爆发；突然发生。句意：火灾发生时，我还在睡觉，而且火势很快蔓延开来。2．—I'mstillworkingonmyproject.—Oh,you'llmissthedeadline.Timeis__________．答案：runningout解析：runout用完；用光。句意：“我还在忙着做我的项目。”“噢，你要错过最后期限了，时间快用完了。”3．—IsPeterthere?—____________，please.I'llseeifIcanfindhimforyou.答案：Holdon解析：holdon(电话用语)别挂断。句意：“彼得在那里吗？”“请别挂断。我看看能不能帮您找到他。”4．It'sgoingtorain,XiaoFeng.Willyoupleasehelpme____________theclothesontheline?答案：getin解析：getin收拢；收集。句意：天要下雨了，肖凤。你能帮我收绳子上的衣服吗？5．Wefirmlybelievethatwarneversettlesanything.Itonly____________violence.答案：leadsto解析：leadto导致。句意：我们坚定地认为战争永远解决不了任何问题，它只会导致暴力。6．It'salready10o'clock.Iwonderhowit____________thatshewastwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.答案：cameabout解析：comeabout发生。句意：已经10点了，我想知道这么短的路程，她怎么会晚了两个小时。7．Theteacherstressedagainthatthestudentsshouldnot____________anyimportantdetailswhileretellingthestory.答案：leaveout解析：leaveout遗漏。句意：老师再次强调，学生在复述故事时不应该遗漏任何重要的细节。8．Afterstudyinginamedicalcollegeforfiveyears,Jane____________herjobasadoctorinthecountryside.答案：tookup解析：takeup从事；开始做。句意：在医学院学习了五年后，简在乡村当了一名医生。9．Themealover,themanagerswentbacktothemeetingroomto____________theirdiscussion.答案：carryon解析：carryon继续进行。句意：吃完饭后，经理们回到会议室继续他们的讨论。10．—Fourdollarsapair?Ithinkit'sabittoomuch.—Ifyoubuythreepairs,thepriceforeachpairwill____________tothreefifty.答案：comedown解析：comedown下降；崩塌。句意：如果你买三双，每双的价格将降到三美元五十美分。Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每空1分，满分10分)在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1．Listeningisanactive,notapassive________(behave),consistingofhearing,understandingandmemories.答案：behaviour解析：句意：倾听是一种主动的，而不是被动的行为，它由听、理解和记忆组成。空格处用形容词修饰，故用其名词形式。2．Theracewassoattractivethatitattractedover100contestants________(represent)18differentcountries.答案：representing解析：contestants和represent存在逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用动词-ing形式作后置定语。句意：这次比赛非常吸引人，它吸引了代表18个不同国家的100多名参赛者。3．Ialwaysrememberthemerrytime________Ispentwithmychildren.答案：that/which解析：句意：我一直记得和孩子们度过的快乐时光。考查定语从句关系词，先行词是themerrytime，所填关系词在从句中作spent的宾语，故用that或which。4．________(fortunate),manywarm-heartedvolunteerscametoheraid.答案：Fortunately解析：句意：幸运的是，许多热心的志愿者帮助了她。放在句首作状语，故用副词形式。5．Theirgoalistoconvincelawmakers________(extend)unemploymentbenefits.答案：toextend解析：convincesb.todosth.说服某人做某事。6．Dress________(appropriate)andaskformalquestions.答案：appropriately解析：修饰动词dress，用副词。7．Afterdrinkingsomewater,thecyclistfelt________(slight)betterandsettleddown.答案：slightly解析：句意：喝了一些水后，那个自行车手感觉稍微好些了，平静了下来。修饰形容词better，用副词形式。8．Peoplehavethe________(patient)tofacethechallengingreform.答案：patience解析：句意：人们有耐心面对富有挑战性的改革。havethepatiencetodosth.有耐心做某事。9．Theysaidthe________(stuff)animaltoyswoulddefinitelyliftchildren'sspirits.答案：stuffed解析：句意：他们说填充动物玩具肯定会让孩子们精神振奋。stuff与animaltoys之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动词-ed形式作定语。10．Youshouldtrytolookatwhatyouhavedoneandmake________efforttochangewhatyouknowisn'tworking.答案：an解析：makeanefforttodosth.努力做……。Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子(每空2分，满分12分)1．他们正在拓宽大桥，以加快车流速度。Theyarebroadeningthebridgeto____________theflowoftraffic.答案：speedup2．令人吃惊的是你弟弟这么快就学会了俄语——他并没有在那里住很久。It'ssurprisingthatyourbrother________________Russiansoquickly—hehasn'tlivedthereverylong.答案：pickedup3．美洲印第安人大约构成了美国人口的2%。AmericanIndians________________abouttwopercentoftheU．S.population.答案：makeup4．我试着打电话到她的办公室，但我打不通。Itriedphoningheroffice,butIcouldn't________________．答案：getthrough5．据报道，警方很快就会调查两名失踪儿童的案件。Itisreportedthatthepolicewillsoon________________thecaseoftwomissingchildren.答案：lookinto6．为了提醒学生演讲时间的变更，张贴了一则通知。Anoticewas________________inordertoremindthestudentsofthechangedlecturetime.答案：putupⅠ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)Iwaswaitingformyfriendatthebusstation.Therecameamansellingcultureshoesandstarted__1__themofftomesothatIcouldbuyapair.Ijust__2__andsaidthankyou.Idon'tknowifitwasbecauseofthesmilethattheyoungmanstepped__3__andstoodbesidemeandstartedtalkingtome.“YouknowIdidn'tjustendupsellingshoes.Ihadalife...hadafamilybutonedaymylifewasjust__4__upsidedownandallwas__5__，”hesaid.Thosewerehiswords.In__6__，helostallhismoney,hiscarandhishouse.Andthenhe__7__makingcultureshoesandsellingthemtoearnaliving.AsIstoodtherelisteningtohimpourouthis__8__，Iwasstill__9__howintheworldsomeonecanbesoopentoa(n)__10__strangerlikethat.Alotoftimeswemeetpeopleandmostofthemhave__11__intheirhearts,andsomeofthemdon'tevenhaveapersonto__12__them,soI'vetriedto__13__peoplemytimetolistentowhattheyhavetosay.Bydoingthisitwillnotonly__14__thatparticularpersonbutalsotheonelistening__15__yougettolearnsomethingfromthemandseetheothersideoflife.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者在公共汽车站等朋友，这时来了一个推销文化鞋子的人，他向作者讲述了自己的经历。作者惊讶于一位陌生人会向自己讲这么多。同时作者也领悟到，应该学会倾听别人倾吐心事，这是一件对双方都有利的事情。1．()A.takingB．showingC．puttingD．keeping答案：B解析：根据该空后的“tomesothatIcouldbuyapair”可知，销售员向作者推销鞋子，向作者炫耀(showoff)他的鞋子。takeoff脱掉；putoff推迟；keepoff不接近，避开。2．()A.sighedB．staredC．noddedD．smiled答案：D解析：根据下文的“itwasbecauseofthesmile”可知，作者只是笑了笑(smile)并说了声谢谢。sigh叹气；stare凝视，注视；nod点头。3．()A.awayB．closerC．fartherD．back答案：B解析：根据该空后的“andstoodbesidemeandstartedtalkingtome”可知，这个年轻人走得更近(closer)了，站在作者身边开始和作者说话。away离开；farther更远；back向后。4．()A.turnedB．hungC．brokenD．rolled答案：A解析：该空前的“Ihadalife...hadafamilybutoneday...(我有自己的生活……有一个家庭，但是有一天……)”表示转折，turnupsidedown是固定搭配，意为“(某人生活)发生大的变化”。有一天那个年轻人的生活完全颠倒(turn)了过来。hang悬挂，垂落；break破坏；roll(使)滚动。5．()A.quietB．abandonedC．goneD．disabled答案：C解析：由下文的“...helostallhismoney,hiscarandhishouse.(……他失去了所有的钱、车和房子)”可知，他所拥有的都没有(gone)了。quiet安静的；abandoned被抛弃的，被离弃的；disabled残疾的，有缺陷的。6．()A.vainB．shortC．additionD．turn答案：B解析：根据该空前的“Thosewerehiswords.(那些是他的话)”可知，此处句意为“总之(inshort)，他失去了所有的钱、车和房子”。invain徒然，无效；inaddition另外，此外；inturn轮流，依次。7．()A.startedB．enjoyedC．imaginedD．risked答案：A解析：根据该空后的“makingcultureshoesandsellingthemtoearnaliving”可知，此处表示他开始(start)制作文化鞋，靠卖它们来谋生。enjoy喜欢；imagine想象；risk冒……的风险。8．()A.gratitudeB．lonelinessC．angerD．heart答案：D解析：根据下文的“mostofthemhave________intheirhearts”可知，很多人心里有事情，所以作者站在那里听他倾诉他的心(heart)事。gratitude感谢，感激；loneliness孤独；anger愤怒。9．()A.uncertainB．uneasyC．uncomfortableD．surprised答案：D解析：根据该空后的“howintheworldsomeonecanbesoopen”可知，作者很惊讶(surprised)是什么让一个人对陌生人如此倾诉心事。uncertain不确定的；uneasy不安的；uncomfortable不舒服的。10．()A.kindB．totalC．impatientD．curious答案：B解析：根据该空后的“strangerlikethat”可知，该句强调陌生人之间的陌生程度，指“完全(total)”陌生的。kind友善的；impatient没有耐心的；curious好奇的。11．()A.happinessB．questionsC．secretsD．burdens答案：D解析：很多时候我们遇到的很多人心里都有负担(burden)，并且无人倾诉。happiness幸福；question问题；secret秘密。12．()A.relyonB．sponsorC．listentoD．reward答案：C解析：根据该空前的“someofthemdon'tevenhaveapersonto”可知，这些人有负担，需要一个人去倾听(listento)。此空格与下文中的“mytimetolistentowhattheyhavetosay”相呼应。relyon依靠；sponsor赞助；reward奖励，奖赏。13．()A.introduceB．oweC．giveD．send答案：C解析：根据该空后的“mytimetolistentowhattheyhavetosay”可知，因此“我”把“我”的时间给(give)他们来倾听他们想说的事情。givesb.sth.意为“把……给某人”。introduce介绍；owe欠，归功于；send发送。14．()A.freeB．helpC．amazeD．save答案：B解析：根据该空后的“thatparticularperson”可知，这样做不仅能帮助(help)那个特别的人，而且能帮助倾听的人。free使自由，解放；amaze使惊奇；save节省，保存。故选B。15．()A.ifB．thoughC．untilD．since答案：D解析：根据该空后的“yougettolearnsomethingfromthemandseetheothersideoflife”可知，这是一个原因状语从句，解释倾听者受益的原因，因为(since)你可以从他们身上学到东西并看到生活的另一面。if如果；though虽然，尽管；until直到……为止。Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheAgriculturalFeast1.________(fall)aftertheIndependenceDay.Itisnotaworldwidecelebration.OnlyChristiansinMexicolookforwardtoitsarrivalforits2.________(religion)origin.Longago,man'sancestorswerebad.Theyfooledandplayedtricksoneachotherandneverkepttheirword.SoannoyedwasGod3.________heturnedupanddrownedalltheircrops.Consequently,manypeoplestarvedto4.________(die).InordertogainGod'sforgiveness,awomanpoetsetoff5.________(see)God,andmadeapologies,whichmovedGod.WithGod'spermission,humanbeingsfinallyhadgoodharvestsagain.Thustowipesadnessandremind6.________ofthebeliefinGod,peoplecelebratethefestival.Onthefestival,peoplegatherintheopenair,suchasplaygroundsandparkinglots,andhavefunwitheachotherenergeticallyallnightlong,asthoughtheywerenevertired.Whenabeauty7.________(dress)inlovelyclothingreadspoemsinmemoryof8.________poet,everyoneholdshisbreath.Then,itisthecustomthattheboneofaroosterheadisgiventoher9.________anaward.Obviously,thestorymaynotbetrue,10.________thefestivalisinteresting.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了墨西哥农业盛宴节的由来、庆祝方式以及特点。1．答案：falls解析：考查时态。句意：农业盛宴节在独立日之后到来。节日的来临属于客观事实，应用一般现在时，又因主语为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填falls。2．答案：religious解析：考查词性转换。origin是名词，其前用形容词修饰。句意：因宗教起源问题，只有墨西哥的基督教徒才盼望着这个节日的到来，故填religious。3．答案：that解析：考查so...that。句意：上帝是如此生气，以至于显灵淹没了他们所有的庄稼，故填that。4．答案：death解析：考查固定短语。starvetodeath意为“饿死”。句意：结果很多人饿死了，故填death。5．答案：tosee解析：考查动词不定式。setofftodosth.意为“动身去做某事”。句意：为了得到上帝的宽恕，一位女诗人启程去见上帝并道歉，这感动了上帝，故填tosee。6．答案：themselves解析：考查反身代词。本句主语是people,remind是及物动词，后面需要跟宾语。句意：为消除悲伤，并提醒自己对上帝的信仰，人们庆祝这一节日，故填themselves。7．答案：dressed解析：考查过去分词。在when引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词是reads，故dress需要用非谓语动词形式，又因为dress是及物动词，其后跟人作宾语，abeauty和dress之间是被动关系，故填dressed。8．答案：the解析：考查冠词。再次提及这位诗人用定冠词the。9．答案：as解析：考查介词。givesb.sth.as...意为“送给某人某物作为……”。句意：然后，按照习俗，人们会把公鸡头骨作为奖品送给她。10．答案：but解析：考查连词。前后句是转折关系，故填but。句意：很明显，这个故事可能不真实，但是这个节日很有趣。Ⅲ.阅读理解(共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分)ATheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO)meetseachyeartochoosethelatestadditionstoitsWorldHeritageList(世界遗产名录).Thefollowingaresomeoftheadditions.ChurchesofthePskovSchoolofArchitecture(Russia)ThestructuresinthehistoriccityofPskov,manyofwhicharechurches,werealldesignedbythePskovSchoolofArchitecture.Itwasaleadingschoolofbuildingdesigninthecountry,especiallyinthe15thand16thcenturies.SomeelementscommontoPskovarchitecturedatebacktothe12thcentury.Babylon(Iraq)TheancientcityofBabylonhasgainedWorldHeritageSitestatus.ThecitywasonceamaintouristsitebeforeIraqsufferedseveralwars.Thecitywiththehistoryofthousandsofyearsiswheredynastieshaverisenandfallensincetheearliestdaysofsettledhumancivilisation.UNESCOsaysthesite“offersalookintooneofthemostinfluentialempiresoftheancientworld”．Writing-on-Stone(Canada)Canada'sWriting-on-Stonemonumenthasalargenumberofprotectedrockpaintingsandrockcarvings.Someofthemare2，000yearsold.ThemarkingswereleftbyBlackfootNativeAmericans,wholivedinpartsofWesternCanadaandthefarnorthernUnitedStates.ThelandthatmakesupWriting-on-Stoneisfilledwithrockpoststhathavebeenformedintospectacularshapesbyerosion(侵蚀).ParatyandIlhaGrande(Brazil)ThehistoriccoastaltownofParatyandtheislandIlhaGrandearealreadypopularplacesforvisitorstoBrazil'sRiodeJaneirostate.ParatywasthefinalstopoftheGoldRoute,alongwhichgoldwasshippedtoEuropeinthe1600s.Theareaisalsohometoahugenumberofanimals,someofwhichareindangernow.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个加入世界遗产名录的名胜。1．WhatdoweknowaboutthebuildingsinPskov？()A．Theirdesignscamefromthesameschool.B．Theyaremerelychurches.C．Theyareagroupofancientschools.D．Theirpaintingsareabout2，000yearsold.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据ChurchesofthePskovSchoolofArchitecture(Russia)部分中的“Thestructures...werealldesignedbythePskovSchoolofArchitecture.”以及“Itwasaleadingschoolofbuildingdesigninthecountry”可知，普斯科夫的建筑设计都来自同一流派。故选A项。2．WhatcanwelearnfromtheWriting-on-Stonemonument？()A．Itisthebest-preservedmonumentinCanada.B．Itenjoysgreatpopularitywithvisitors.C．Itreflectsthecultureofthenatives.D．Itwasformedbynature.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据Writing-on-Stone(Canada)部分中的“ThemarkingswereleftbyBlackfootNativeAmericans,wholivedinpartsofWesternCanadaandthefarnorthernUnitedStates.”可知，这些图案都是居住在加拿大西部和美国北边的黑脚族人留下的。所以该石刻是原住民文化的反映。故选C项。3．WhatcanvisitorsseeinParatyandIlhaGrande？()A．Shippingactivities.B．Coastalscenery.C．Goldminingequipment.D．Oldarchitecture.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据ParatyandIlhaGrande(Brazil)部分中的“ThehistoriccoastaltownofParatyandtheislandIlhaGrande”可知，帕拉蒂镇和格兰德岛都位于海岸附近。所以旅游者在帕拉蒂镇和格兰德岛能看到海岸风景。故选B项。BHalloweenusedtobeatimeforkids.Inthepast,thefestivalmeanthousesdecoratedwithjack-o'-lanterns,coolcostumes(化装服)madebymums,andgoingdoortodooraskingforcandy,saying“trickortreat”．However,youwouldn'thaveseenanyoftheseifyouwereatthisyear'sHalloweeneventsinShibuya,Tokyo,fromOct27to30.HalloweeninJapanhasbecomeabigpartyforadults,whodressupincostumesandhangaroundhavingfuntakingpictures.Inotherwords,thisfestivalisnolongerjustatimeforkids.AsUSATodayeditorBruceHorovitzwrote,“AdultshaveslowlybeenstealingHalloweenfromkids.”But“steal”isnotquitetheexactword,sincetheadultsoftodayallusedtobekidsthemselves.Thesegrown-upsstillmanagetokeepthetraditionofdressingupalive,however,evenifthey'retoooldtoknockonstrangers'doorsforcandynow.Somecompaniesevenencouragetheiremployeestowearcostumestoworksothattheycanrelaxandenjoytheirshareofthefestivalfun.“Youcanwearwhateveryouwantandnotbejudged，”DeniseDelahorneofDDBWorldwide,anadvertisingcompany,toldForbeswhenaskedwhyadultsaresointoHalloweencomparedtootherholidays.“There'snopressureofit.Youdon'thavetotravelordealwithrelatives.There'snoholidaypressuretofindadateifyouaresingle.”Butherecomestheinterestingpart:Asthe“adultHalloween”industrygetsbiggerandbigger,movietheatres,drinksellersandhauntedhousesarestartingtoaimatadultcustomersonly.There'sevenanHalloweentradeshowintheUSeveryyearthatyoucan'tevenenterifyou'reunder16.Thatisn'tgoodnewsforkids,butonthebrightside,atleastyoungpeoplecanstillgetfreecandy.Andwhatcouldbebetterthanthat?语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。万圣节在过去是孩子们的节日：用南瓜灯装饰房屋，穿上母亲手缝的化装服去邻里间串门，讨要大包小包的糖果。但是这个节日现在在日本和美国却成了成人的节日，这使得成人万圣节行业兴盛起来。4．WhyareadultssofondofHalloween？()A．Theywouldbetreatedlikekids.B．Theydon'tneedtocarefortheirrelatives.C．TheyfeelhappyandrelaxedduringHalloween.D．Theycangetfreegoodsfromthe“adultHalloween”industry.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“There'snopressureofit.Youdon'thavetotravelordealwithrelatives.There'snoholidaypressuretofindadateifyouaresingle.”可知，成人喜欢万圣节是因为在节日期间他们感到很放松和高兴。故选C项。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4referto？()A．Work.B．Halloween.C．Beingsingle.D．Anotherholiday.答案：B解析：词义猜测题。根据原文画线处语境可知，在万圣节这天没有任何压力，人们不需要远行或者应付亲戚，所以it指的是万圣节。故选B项。6．WhatdosomecompaniesencouragetheirworkerstododuringHalloween？()A．Wearcoolcostumestowork.B．JointheHalloweentradeshow.C．Knockonstrangers'doorsforcandy.D．Decoratetheirhouseswithjack-o'-lanterns.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Somecompaniesevenencouragetheiremployeestowearcostumestoworksothattheycanrelax”可知，为了让员工放松，有些公司鼓励员工穿万圣节化装服去公司。故选A项。7．What'sthebesttitleforthetext？()A．DifferentActivitiestoCelebrateHalloweenB．HowtoSpendHalloweeninJapanC．HalloweenCustomsandTraditionsD．AdultHalloweenLoversTakeOver答案：D解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，万圣节在过去是孩子们的节日，他们用南瓜灯装饰房屋，穿上母亲手缝的奇怪的化装服去邻里间串门，讨要大包小包的糖果。但是万圣节现在在日本和美国却成了成人的节日，这使得成人万圣节行业兴盛起来。由此可知，文章主要介绍了成年人庆祝万圣节这一现状，文章的最佳标题要与adult有关。故选D项。Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialpartytobeheldwhensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.Thepersonwhoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrowstheparty.Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.1(____)Anditisagoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefullypresents.2(____)Somepeopleregisteralistofthingstheywantorneedfortheirnewhomeatalocalstoreorstores.Somecommonthingspeoplewillputonagiftregistryincludekitchentoolslikeknivesandthingslikecurtains.Evenifthereisn'taregistry,agoodhousewarminggiftissomethingtodecoratethenewhousewith,likeapieceofartoraplant.3(___