专题16阅读理解（议论文）（复习讲义）

专题16阅读理解议论文目录TOC\o"12"\h\u考情分析与命题趋势 1知识体系构建 2考点精析与突破 3考点一：论点识别与主旨大意题（重点） 3考点二：论据分析与细节理解题（常考点） 4考点三：论证方法识别与作用题（难点） 6考点四：作者态度题（重点） 7考点五：推理判断题（常考点） 9考点六：词义猜测题（难点） 10实战精练与提升 11一、考试要求阅读理解议论文是江苏春季高考英语的核心体裁之一，占阅读理解分值的30%左右，涵盖社会热点、文化教育、科学伦理、人生哲理等题材。其核心考查识别论点、分析论据、培养论证逻辑能力，具有观点鲜明、逻辑严谨、论据充分的特点。二轮复习需突破论点定位模糊、论据与论点关联不清、论证逻辑混乱、作者态度误判等痛点，通过语篇特征拆解+解题技巧落地+针对性训练的模式，实现解题精度与效率的双重提升，助力学生在该题型中稳拿基础分、冲刺高分。考生需做到：1.能快速识别议论文的中心论点（明确论点/隐含论点）及分论点；2.能分析论据的类型（事实论据/道理论据）及其对论点的支撑作用；3.能梳理论证结构（总分、递进、对照、驳论）及论证逻辑；4.能识别常见论证方法（举例论证、道理论证、对比论证、比喻论证、因果论证）及其作用；5.能精准定位细节信息（论据细节、观点表述、逻辑关系）；6.能结合语境猜测陌生词汇、抽象词汇的含义；7.能判断作者的态度、观点及写作意图；8.能概括文章主旨大意，提炼核心观点。二、命题分析考点考频（近5年）考查内容命题趋势主旨大意题5年8考概括中心论点、分论点、提炼标题、归纳主旨2026年仍为考查重点，侧重隐含论点的提炼推理判断题5年7考推断论据作用、论证逻辑、作者意图、观点倾向2026年可能考查论证方法作用推断类题目细节理解题5年6考论据细节、观点表述、逻辑关系词、结论细节2026年侧重论据与论点的关联分析作者态度题5年5考作者对话题的态度2026年可能结合社会热点话题考查态度判断词义猜测题5年4考抽象词汇、逻辑连接词、态度类词汇、指代关系2026年可能结合论证逻辑词考查词义论证方法题5年3考识别论证方法、分析方法作用2026年可能在语篇分析题中渗透方法判断指代判断题5年2考代词指代论点/论据2026年可能结合长难句考查指代关系考点一：论点识别与主旨大意题解题策略定位中心论点：首段首句或尾句（开门见山式）；转折词后（however、but、yet后，驳斥旧观点后提出新观点）；总结词后（therefore、inconclusion、thus后，归纳得出观点）；尾段（总结升华式，前文铺垫后收尾提出观点）；区分论点与论据：论点是观点性语句，论据是事实/道理支撑（如forexample、accordingtostudies后为论据）；概括主旨：中心论点+核心论据关键词，排除仅涉及单一论据的选项。一、核心解读论点是议论文的灵魂，主旨大意题本质是中心论点的同义替换。解题关键是去论据、留观点，避免被具体案例、数据等细节干扰。二、典型例句①开门见山式论点Handwritingisessentialtobrainhealthanddevelopment,havingmultiplecognitivebenefits.中心论点：手写对大脑健康和发展至关重要，具有多种认知益处。②转折引出论点Manypeoplethinkhandwritingisoutdated.However,recentresearchsuggestsithassignificantcognitivebenefits.中心论点：很多人认为手写过时了，但最近研究表明它有显著的认知益处。③总结得出论点Thus,itisclearthathandwritingisnotapastentertainmentbutavaluableactivitythatenhancesbrainhealthandlearning.中心论点：因此，手写显然不是过时的娱乐，而是提升大脑健康和学习能力的宝贵活动。④分论点支撑Handwritingbenefitsbrainhealth.Additionally,itimproveslearningandmemory.Moreover,itstrengthenscognitivedevelopment.中心论点：手写有益大脑健康；此外，它提升学习和记忆；而且，它强化认知发展。例题Inaneraofdigitaltechnology,theartofwritingbyhandhasslowlybeendowngradedtoapastentertainment.However,recentresearchsuggeststhatthisphysicalactisessentialtobrainhealthanddevelopment,havingmultiplecognitive(认知的)benefits.Itistimeweshouldreevaluatethepotentialbenefitsitmayhaveonourmentalcapacities.connections...umerousstudies,writingbyhandstimulatesmoreplexanddiversebrainconnections...Handwritingisn’tjustgoodforourbrains'benefits...decline...lear,practicalbenefits...Despiteitsclearbenefits,handwritinghasbeenonthedecline...Itisclearthathandwritingisavaluableactivitythathasthepotentialtoenhanceourbrainhealth,learning,memory,andproblemsolvingskills.1.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toillustrateafindingonhandwriting.B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofhandwriting.C.Toshowthewideapplicationofhandwriting.D.Tointroducetheartisticvalueofhandwriting.【答案】B【解析】第一步，定位中心论点：首段转折词however后“thisphysicalactisessentialtobrainhealthanddevelopment”（手写对大脑健康和发展至关重要）；第二步，整合分论点：大脑健康、实际价值（学习记忆）、认知发展；第三步，匹配选项：A（说明发现）仅为论据，C（广泛应用）未提及，D（艺术价值）偏离核心，B（强调手写的重要性）符合中心论点，故选B。考点二：论据分析与细节理解题解题技巧解题策略提取题干关键词：优先抓论点词（如handwriting,AI）、论据关键词（数据、案例、研究名称）、逻辑词（because、forexample、accordingto）；定位论据位置：论据通常紧跟论点后，或为分论点的支撑材料（forexample、studiesshow、researchindicates后为论据）；分析论据作用：对比原文论据细节与选项，重点核对数据、案例对象、逻辑关系，排除与论点无关的干扰项。一、核心解读细节理解题在议论文中多考查论据细节，解题关键是找到论据并关联论点，避免孤立看待细节，需明确该细节支撑的核心观点。二、典型例句①事实论据Geothermalelectricityaccountsforaround1%ofglobalgeneration,whichissettotripleby2050.数据支撑地热发电前景广阔的论点。②事实论据Studentswhotakehandwrittennotesscoresignificantlyhigheronquizzes.案例支撑手写提升学习效果的分论点。③道理论据RalphEmersononcesaidthatthepurposeoflifeisnottobehappy,buttobeuseful.名言支撑人生的意义在于有用的中心论点。④事实论据Astudyfoundthatbrainconnectivitypatternswerefarmoreplicatedforparticipantswhowrotebyhand.实验支撑手写刺激大脑连接的分论点。例题Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliteratesocietiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnonliteratehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.1.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A.Hisreportwasscientific. B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay. D.Hisrecordwasonesided.【答案】D第一步，定位论点：首段“不能仅通过文本讲述世界历史，大多数地区没有文本，还需借助实物”；第二步，分析论据：CaptainCook的案例是“有文字社会与无文字社会的冲突”，有文字的英国有报告，无文字的澳大利亚土著只有盾牌；第三步，关联论点与论据：该案例支撑“仅靠文本的历史记录是片面的”，故选D；A（科学报告）、B（代表当地人）、C（统治该地区）均与论点无关。考点三：论证方法识别与作用题解题技巧解题策略识别常见论证方法及特征：举例论证：forexample、forinstance、suchas、具体案例或数据；道理论证：引用名言、公理、研究结论；对比论证：incontrast、ontheotherhand、while、paredwith；比喻论证：like、as、beparedto；因果论证：because、so、therefore、asaresult；分析论证方法作用：举例论证：使论点更具体、更有说服力；道理论证：增强论点的权威性和可信度；对比论证：突出论点的正确性或优越性；比喻论证：使论点更生动、更易懂；因果论证：明确论点与论据的逻辑关系，增强说服力。一、核心解读论证方法是连接论点与论据的桥梁，识别方法的关键是抓特征词，分析作用的核心是该方法如何支撑论点。二、典型例句①举例论证Handwritingimproveslearning.Forexample,studentswhotakehandwrittennotesscoresignificantlyhigheronquizzes.作用：用学生的案例使手写提升学习的论点更具体可信。②对比论证Digitalreadingisconvenient,butpaperreadinghelpswithdeeperunderstanding.Incontrast,ebookreadersoftenskippages,whilepaperbookreaderstendtotakenotes.作用：通过对比突出纸质阅读更利于深度理解的论点。③比喻论证Attitudeislikeasteeringwheel.Itsdirectiondetermineswhereyougoinlife.作用：将态度比作方向盘，使态度决定人生方向的论点更生动易懂。④道理论证AsConfuciussaid,“Learningwithoutthoughtislaborlost.”Thisprovesthatcriticalthinkingisessentialforeffectivelearning.作用：引用孔子的名言增强批判性思维对学习至关重要的论点权威性。例题Whatthen,isthesecretofagoodlife?Agoodlifeisaprocess,notastateofbeing:adirection,notadestination.Wehavetoearnagoodlifebyfirstservingotherswithoutanyexpectationinreturnbecausetheirhappinessistheverysourceofourownhappiness.However,lovealoneisinsufficienttoleadagoodlife.Lovesometimesblindsustothereality.Consequently,ourgoodintentionsmaynotleadtogoodresults.Toachievethedesiredoute,thosewhowanttodogoodtoothersalsoneedtoequipthemselveswithaccurateworldknowledge.Falseknowledgeismoredangerousthanignorance.Ifloveistheengineofacar,knowledgeisthesteeringwheel(方向盘).1.Howdoestheauthorexpresshisargumentsinthelastparagraph?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Byreasoning.C．Byusingmetaphors.D．Bymakingparisons.【答案】C第一步，识别特征词：“Ifloveistheengineofacar,knowledgeisthesteeringwheel”（如果爱是汽车的发动机，知识就是方向盘）；第二步，匹配方法：将“爱”和“知识”比作“发动机”和“方向盘”，属于比喻论证；第三步，分析作用：使“爱与知识对美好生活都至关重要”的论点更生动易懂，故选C。考点四：作者态度题解题技巧解题策略抓态度词：褒义：supportive（支持的）、appreciative（赞赏的）、positive（积极的）、optimistic（乐观的）、valuable（有价值的）；贬义：critical（批判的）、negative（消极的）、opposed（反对的）、doubtful（怀疑的）、harmful（有害的）；中性：neutral（中立的）、objective（客观的）、informative（提供信息的）、analytical（分析性的）；分析论证倾向：支持：论据多为正面案例、积极数据，逻辑词多用therefore、thus表肯定；反对：论据多为负面案例、问题数据，逻辑词多用however、but表转折批判；中立：既呈现正面论据，也呈现负面论据，无明显倾向词；整合观点表述：重点关注首段观点句、尾段总结句、转折词后的观点，综合判断态度。一、核心解读作者态度题的关键是通过态度词和论证倾向判断，避免仅凭个别词汇下结论，需结合全文论据和观点综合分析。二、典型例句①支持态度Handwritingisavaluableactivitythatenhancesbrainhealthandlearning.Itistimewereevaluateitsimportance.态度词valuable、reevaluateitsimportance→支持②批判态度TheoveruseofAIineducationisharmful.Itreducesstudents’criticalthinkingandcreativity,whichareessentialfortheirdevelopment.态度词harmful、reduces→批判③中立态度Onlineeducationhasadvantagessuchasflexibility,butitalsolacksfacetofaceinteraction.Itisuptoustouseitwisely.既提优势也提劣势，无倾向词→中立④乐观态度Despitecurrentchallenges,renewableenergyissettoplayakeyroleinthelowcarbonfuture.Withtechnologicalprogress,itspotentialwillbefullyexplored.态度词settoplayakeyrole、potentialwillbefullyexplored→乐观例题Isprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften‘no’.Whenreadingtextsofsefinding...redwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding...Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsprintreading?A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Doubtful.【答案】B【解析】第一步，抓态度词：“learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaper”（纸质阅读的学习更成功）、“maximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor”（需要专注和反思时，纸质阅读能最大化学习效果）；第二步，分析论证倾向：引用研究证实纸质阅读的优势，仅提及数字媒体的补充作用；第三步，判断态度：支持纸质阅读，故选B。考点五：推理判断题解题技巧解题策略定位推理依据：优先找论点、论据细节、逻辑词（because、so、however、thus）；分析逻辑关系：论据→论点：根据论据推断其支撑的观点；论点→结论：根据中心论点推断合理结论；因果推理：根据因推断果或根据果推断因；避免过度解读：推理需基于文本信息，不添加个人主观观点，确保“有据可依”；匹配选项验证：排除与论点矛盾、无文本支撑、过度绝对的选项。一、核心解读议论文的推理判断题多围绕论证逻辑展开，解题关键是理清论点与论据的关系，推断隐含的观点、结论或论证意图。二、典型例句①论据→论点推理Astudyfoundthat80%ofstudentswhousedpaperbooksscoredhigher.推理：Paperbooksaremoreeffectiveforstudents’academicperformance.②论点→结论推理Environmentalprotectioniseveryone’sresponsibility.推理：Weshouldtakeactiontoreducepollutionindailylife.③因果推理Handwritingstimulatesbrainconnections.Studentswhowritebyhandhavebettermemory.推理：Handwritingimprovesmemorybystimulatingbrainconnections.例题That’swhythisissueofWriter’sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingforwhateverkindofwritingyou’redoing.Ifit’sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucantrytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelstoseewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.1.WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?A.TogiveexamplesofgreatnovelistsB.Tostressthethemeofthisissue.C.Toencouragewritingforthemagazine.D.Toremendtheirnewbooks.【答案】B第一步，定位论点：前句“thisissueaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestending”（本期杂志旨在帮助读者写出最佳结局）；第二步，分析论据作用：提及Peter和Elizabeth的做法（分解技巧、分析小说结局）是为了支撑“杂志帮助读者写结局”的主题；第三步，推理意图：强调本期杂志的主题，故选B；A（伟大小说家）、C（鼓励为杂志写作）、D（推荐新书）均无文本支撑。考点六：词义猜测题解题技巧解题策略逻辑线索：转折关系（but、however）：词义与前文相反；因果关系（because、so）：词义与因果逻辑一致；并列关系（and、or）：词义与前文相近；论点论据关联：词汇含义需符合其所在论点或论据的核心；指代线索：代词（it/they/this）多指代前文的论点、论据核心词；构词法线索：拆分词根、前缀、后缀。一、核心解读议论文的词义猜测多与论点、论据相关，解题需结合逻辑关系和语篇主旨，避免孤立猜测词汇含义。二、典型例句①逻辑线索（转折）SomepeoplethinkAIisdangerous;however,othersbelieveitisbeneficial.beneficial与dangerous词义相反，beneficial意为有益的。②论点论据关联Handwritingisacognitiveactivitythatenhancesbraindevelopment.论点是手写有益大脑，cognitive意为认知的。③指代线索Thepolicyaimstoreducepollution.Itwillbeimplementednextyear.it指代前文论点，意为该政策。④构词法线索Theauthorisoptimisticaboutthefutureofrenewableenergy.optim（最佳）+istic，optimistic意为乐观的。例题Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage,toonesthatrequirementalabstraction,suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseshinethroughmean?A．Seemunlikelytolast. B．Seemhardtoexplain.C．Beereadytouse. D．Beeeasytonotice.【答案】D【解析】第一步，定位逻辑关系：前文“learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaper”（纸质阅读更成功），后文对比简单任务与复杂任务；第二步，分析词汇语境：纸质阅读的优势在复杂任务中“更突出”；第三步，匹配选项：D（变得容易被注意到）符合语境，故选D；A（不可能持久）、B（难以解释）、C（准备好使用）均不符合。一、模拟基础练Passage1Mostparentsareworriedthefirsttimetheycatchtheirkidsoutinalie.AccordingtochildandteenpsychiatristGayaniDeSilva,lyingcanactuallybeasignofhealthydevelopmentinyoungchildren.“Kidslieformanyreasons,andmuchofitisnormal,”DeSilvasays.“Peoplearenotbornwiththeknowledgeofmunicatingwithothersandgettingtheirneedsmet.They’llexperimentwithdifferentmunicationstylesandtechniquesuntiltheyfindtheonesthatworkbestforthem.Lyingisoneofthosetechniques.”Askidsgetolder,theybeemoreawareofhowtheiractionsaffectothers,andmanywilllielessfrequently.Inspiteofthis,parentsstillneedtoleadtheirkidstoformahabitofnotlying.AccordingtoDeSilva,whenchildrenlie,lookatthemdirectlyandaskwhattheyneed.Aftertheytellyou,gentlyremindthemthattellingyoudirectlywillbemoreeffectivethanlying.It’salsoagoodideatomodelthebehavioryouwanttoseeinyourkids.Inotherwords,don’tlietoyourchildren.Thiswillsetyouandyourchildrenonacourseofopenmunicationandtrust.Insomecases,lyingisasignofadeeperissue.Achildwhoisneglectedwillliemorethanachildwhohasattentiveandresponsiveparents.He’snotsurewhetherhe’sloved.Hemaylietopleaseothers.Thesamegoesforachildwhohasexperiencedsomethingunpleasant.Hemaylietotrytohidehisshame,avoidadmittinghisneeds,ortocontrolhissurroundingstoensurehissafety.Bypayingattentiontothereasonsbehindalie,parentscanfigureoutwhatneedstobedone.Forexample,whileJackmightlieaboutpletinghishomeworkinordertoplayvideogames,healsomightbetryingtoavoidnegativefeelingsconnectedwithschoolwork,andthisisjustwhereparentsshouldstart,saystherapistGideonJavna.1．WhatcanbeinferredaboutlyingfromDeSilva’swords?A．Ithascertainbenefitsforthehealthygrowthofkids.B．Itshowstheunderstandingbetweenkidsandparents.C．Itcanbeaneffectivemeansofmunicationforkids.D．Itissomonforkidsthatparentscanpletelyignoreit.2．Howcanparentsgettheirchildrentotellthetruth?A．Bypretendingtotrustthematfirst.B．Byencouragingthemtoadmittheirneeds.C．Bytellingthemdirectlytheharmoflying.D．Bypunishingthemfortheirlyinginasafeway.3．TheauthormentionedthetwokidsinParagraph4toshow_____________.A．It’smonforchildrentolieB．It’simportanttobeagenerousparentC．LyingcandamagefamilyrelationshipsD．lyingisareflectionofone’smentaltrouble4．WhatshouldJack’sparentsdoaccordingtoJavna?A．Askhimtoavoidplayingvideogames.B．Turnhisattentiontootherpositivethings.C．Givehimasecondchancetofinishhomework.D．Listentoandhelpsolvehisproblemrelatedtoschoolwork.【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．D【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要探讨了家长应该如何看待并处理孩子的撒谎问题。1．推理判断题。根据第一段中DeSilva说的话““Kidslieformanyreasons,andmuchofitisnormal,”DeSilvasays.“Peoplearenotbornwiththeknowledgeofmunicatingwithothersandgettingtheirneedsmet.They’llexperimentwithdifferentmunicationstylesandtechniquesuntiltheyfindtheonesthatworkbestforthem.Lyingisoneofthosetechniques.”(“孩子撒谎有很多原因，其中大部分是正常的，”DeSilva说：“人们并非生来就具有与他人沟通和满足自己需求的知识。他们会尝试不同的交流方式和技巧直到他们找到最适合自己的。撒谎就是其中的一项技能”)”可知，孩子们不是一出生就懂得交流的技巧，撒谎只不过是他们在经过尝试后，认为比较有效的一种沟通方法。故选C。2．推理判断题。根据第二段“AccordingtoDeSilva,whenchildrenlie,lookatthemdirectlyandaskwhattheyneed.Aftertheytellyou,gentlyremindthemthattellingyoudirectlywillbemoreeffectivethanlying.(根据DeSilva的话，当孩子撒谎时，直接看着他们并问他们需要什么。在他们告诉你后，温柔地告诉他们，直接讲实话比撒谎更有效)”可知，家长要鼓励孩子承认自己的需求。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Insomecases,lyingisasignofadeeperissue.(某些情况里，撒谎是更深层次问题的标志)”，接着举了两个小孩的例子，可知，举这两个小孩的例子是为了说明撒谎反映了更深层次的问题——人们在精神上的问题。故选D。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bypayingattentiontothereasonsbehindalie,parentscanfigureoutwhatneedstobedone.Forexample,whileJackmightlieaboutpletinghishomeworkinordertoplayvideogames,healsomightbetryingtoavoidnegativefeelingsconnectedwithschoolwork,andthisisjustwhereparentsshouldstart,saystherapistGideonJavna.(通过关注撒谎背后的原因，父母可以弄明白需要做些什么。例如，当杰克撒谎说完成了作业是为了玩游戏时，其实他也可能试图避免与学业有关的负面情绪，这正是家长应该介入的地方，治疗师GideonJavna说)”可知，根据GideonJavna的说法，杰克的父母应该先倾听孩子的问题，并帮助解决作业方面的问题。故选D。Passage2Attitudeactuallyismentalenergyandfromthemomentyouareawakeinthemorninguntilyoufallasleepatnight,youarecontinuouslyproducingthismentalenergy,orattitude.Thereisneveratimewhenyoucanhaveaneutralattitude.Yourattituderightnowiseitherpositiveornegative.Yourattitudedeterminesyouraltitude.Forexample,asaplaneisintheair,ithasanaltitudeindicator.Theindicatortellsthepilotinwhichdirectiontheplaneisgoing,upordown.Justliketheplane,youtoohaveanaltitudeindicatorandyou’rethepilotofyourplane.Thefeelingthatyougainwhensomethingiswrongorwhatyouaredoingisnotrightservesasyouraltitudeindicator.Weallhaveanattitudetoourthinkingwhichdeterminesourdestiny.Infact,attitudeisamatterofchoice.Itdeterminesthesizeofourdreamsandinfluencesourdeterminationwhenwefacenewchallengesandthethingis,noonecancontrolyourattitudebutyou.Noonecanmakeusangry.Wemakeourselvesangrywhenwegiveintothatcontrolofourattitudeandwhenpeopledothingstoangerus.Allitdoesisputourattitudetothetest.Wehavethatchoiceeverymorningofwhatkindofattitudewearegoingtohavefortherestoftheday.Attitudeiseverything.Tobeginwitheveryproblemisanadventure.Tofall,riseandtryagainiswhatwecalladventureandthat’stherealfunoflife.Failureisnotabadthingbutanotherchanceforsuccess.Dreamingofbeingsuccessfulisnotenough.There’llbealotofthingsyouhatedoing,butyouhavetodothemallandthat’sasuccess.Withapositiveattitude,you’llhavetheabilitytobehappiereveryday,makeothersaroundyouhappier,andliveagoodlife.5．WhatdoestheauthorwanttostresswiththeexampleinParagraph2?A．Attitude’sroleinpeople’sfuturedevelopment.B．Theimportanceofpilots‘feelingsinflight.C．People’scorrectjudgementoftheirlifedirection.D．Theapplicationofaltitudeindicatorsinvariousfields.6．Whatarepeopledoingwhentheytrytoangerusaccordingtotheauthor?A．They’retryingtocontrolourfeelings. B．They’retestingourattitude.C．They’rechallengingourbottomline. D．They’reremindingusofpossiblefailure.7．Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheadventureinlife?A．Dangerousandtiring. B．Annoyingandunderstandable.C．Difficultbutmeaningful. D．Excitingandnecessary.8．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Howtoachieveapositiveattitude? B．Howisattitudeformed?C．Whatisattitude? D．What’sthepowerofapositiveattitude?【答案】5．A6．B7．D8．C【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了什么是“态度”以及态度对我们的影响。5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Yourattitudedeterminesyouraltitude.Forexample,asaplaneisintheair,ithasanaltitudeindicator.Theindicatortellsthepilotinwhichdirectiontheplaneisgoing,upordown.Justliketheplane,youtoohaveanaltitudeindicatorandyou’rethepilotofyourplane.Thefeelingthatyougainwhensomethingiswrongorwhatyouaredoingisnotrightservesasyouraltitudeindicator.Weallhaveanattitudetoourthinkingwhichdeterminesourdestiny.(你的态度决定你的高度。例如，当一架飞机在空中时，它有一个高度指示器。指示灯告诉飞行员飞机的飞行方向，是上升还是下降。就像飞机一样，你也有一个高度指示器，你是飞机的飞行员。当你做错了事情时，你会有一种感觉，这种感觉就是你的高度指示器。我们都有一种态度来决定我们的命运)”可推知，作者想用第二段中的例子强调态度在人们未来发展中的作用。故选A。6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Itdeterminesthesizeofourdreamsandinfluencesourdeterminationwhenwefacenewchallengesandthethingis,noonecancontrolyourattitudebutyou.Noonecanmakeusangry.Wemakeourselvesangrywhenwegiveintothatcontrolofourattitudeandwhenpeopledothingstoangerus.Allitdoesisputourattitudetothetest.(它决定了我们梦想的大小，影响了我们面对新挑战时的决心，问题是，没有人能控制你的态度，除了你自己。没有人能让我们生气。当我们屈服于对自己态度的控制时，当别人做了让我们生气的事情时，我们会让自己生气。它所做的只是让我们的态度接受考验)”可知，根据作者的说法，当人们试图激怒我们时，他们在考验我们的态度。故选B。7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Attitudeiseverything.Tobeginwitheveryproblemisanadventure.Tofall,riseandtryagainiswhatwecalladventureandthat’stherealfunoflife.Failureisnotabadthingbutanotherchanceforsuccess.Dreamingofbeingsuccessfulisnotenough.There’llbealotofthingsyouhatedoing,butyouhavetodothemallandthat’sasuccess.(态度就是一切。每一个问题的开始都是一次冒险。跌倒，爬起来，再试一次，这就是我们所说的冒险，这才是生活的真正乐趣。失败不是坏事，而是成功的另一个机会。梦想成功是不够的。你会有很多讨厌做的事情，但你必须把它们都做完，这就是成功)”可推知，作者认为生活中的冒险是令人兴奋和必要的。故选D。8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Attitudeactuallyismentalenergyandfromthemomentyouawakeinthemorninguntilyoufallasleepatnight,youarecontinuouslyproducingthismentalenergy,orattitude.Thereisneveratimewhenyoucanhaveaneutralattitude.Yourattituderightnowiseitherpositiveornegative.(态度实际上是一种精神能量，从你早上醒来的那一刻直到你晚上入睡，你都在不断地产生这种精神能量或态度。你永远不可能保持中立的态度。你现在的态度不是积极就是消极)”结合文章主要解释了什么是“态度”以及态度对我们的影响。可知，C选项“态度是什么？”最符合文章标题。故选C。Passage3rules.Peterlhasitsrules.Therulesaredifferent.Heresomestudentsaretalkingabouttheirschoolrules.PeterOurschoolasksstudentstowearuniforms,forexample,sportsclothesorskirts.Studentsmusttelltheirschoolswhentheygotothemoviesorleavehomeintheevening.ZhangHuaStudentsinourschoolcan’teatgum,becauseit’shardtoclean.Andwecan’teatlunchatschool.AndwemustspeakPutonghuaatschool.Studentsinourschoolcan’thavelonghair.Wecan’tgetintoschoolwithotherschool’sstudents.MikeStudentsinourschoolmustwearsportsshoesatschooleveryday.Andwecan’twearslippers(拖鞋)toschoolbecausetheyarenotsafe.Weeasilyfalldown.9．Thestudentscan’tleavehomeintheeveningin____school,iftheydon’ttelltheirschools.A．Peter’s B．ZhangHua’sC．Mike’s D．PeterandMike’s10．Whycan’tthestudentseatguminZhangHua’sschool?A．Itisnotterrible. B．It’shardtoclean.C．Theyhavenotime. D．Theyhavenomoney.11．ZhangHuamust

____atschool.A．havelonghair B．takeotherschools’studentstoschoolC．speakPutonghua D．eatlunch12．Whycan’tstudentsinMike’sschoolwearslippers?A．Theyaresafe. B．Theyarenotsafe.C．Theyaregood. D．Theyareright.【答案】9．A10．B11．C12．B【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了不同学校的学生谈论他们学校的校规。9．细节理解题。根据Peter部分中“Studentsmusttelltheirschoolswhentheygotothemoviesorleavehomeintheevening.(学生们去看电影或晚上离开家时必须告诉学校)”可知，如果学生们晚上不告诉学校就离开家，在Peter的学校是不被允许的。故选A项。10．细节理解题。根据ZhangHua部分中“Studentsinourschoolcan’teatgum,becauseit’shardtoclean.(我们学校的学生不能吃口香糖，因为它很难清洁)”可知，在ZhangHua的学校，学生们不能吃口香糖是因为很难清洁。故选B项。11．细节理解题。根据ZhangHua部分中“AndwemustspeakPutonghuaatschool.(我们在学校必须说普通话)”可知，张华在学校必须说普通话。故选C项。12．细节理解题。根据Mike部分中“Andwecan’twearslippers(拖鞋)toschoolbecausetheyarenotsafe.Weeasilyfalldown.(我们不能穿拖鞋上学，因为它们不安全。我们很容易摔倒)”可知，在迈克的学校，学生们不能穿拖鞋是因为它们不安全。故选B项。Passage4Shouldhighschoolstudentsberequiredtotakeacourseinfinancialliteracy?Somepeoplethinkitisextremelynecessary.Theyarguethatintoday’ssociety,studentsneedtounderstandbasicfinancialconceptssuchasbudgeting,saving,andmanagingdebt.Thisknowledgewillhelpthemmakebetterfinancialdecisionsinthefuture,whetherit’saboutcollegeloans,buyingacar,orstartingacareer.Ontheotherhand,someopponentsbelievethathighschoolstudentsalreadyhaveaheavyworkloadwithcoreacademicsubjects.Addingafinancialliteracycoursemightoverwhelmthemandtakeawaytimefromotherimportantstudies.Theyalsothinkthatfinancialknowledgecanbelearnedlaterinlifethroughpersonalexperiencesorothermeans.Inmyopinion,whilehighschoolstudentsdohaveabusyschedule,theimportanceoffinancialliteracycannotbeoverlooked.Awelldesignedfinancialliteracycoursecanbeintegratedintothecurriculumwithoutoverburdeningstudentsandwillequipthemwithessentiallifeskills.13．Whatisthemaintopicofthisarticle?A．Theimportanceofcoreacademicsubjects.B．Thedebateaboutafinancialliteracycourseforhighschoolstudents.C．Howtomanagepersonalfinances.D．Thefuturecareerchoicesofhighschoolstudents.14．Whydosomepeoplesupportafinancialliteracycourseforhighschoolstudents?A．Itwillmakestudentsrich.B．Ithelpsstudentsunderstandbasicfinancialconceptsforfuturedecisions.C．Itisaneasycourse.D．Itreplacesotherunnecessarycourses.15．Whatisanargumentagainstthecourseaccordingtoopponents?A．Itistooexpensivetoteach.B．Itisnotrelevanttostudents'lives.C．Itwilladdtostudents’workloadandcanbelearnedlater.D．Therearenoqualifiedteachers.16．Whatistheauthor‘sview?A．Againstthecourse.B．Fullysupportthecoursewithoutanyconditions.C．Believeitcanbeintegratedintothecurriculumwithbenefits.D．Thinkitshouldbeanelectivecourse.【答案】13．B14．B15．C16．C【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讨论了高中生是否应该被要求学习金融素养课程，并介绍了正反两方的观点。13．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Shouldhighschoolstudentsberequiredtotakeacourseinfinancialliteracy?Somepeoplethinkitisextremelynecessary.(高中生是否应该被要求学习金融素养课程？有些人认为这是非常必要的。)”和第二段“Ontheotherhand,someopponentsbelievethathighschoolstudentsalreadyhaveaheavyworkloadwithcoreacademicsubjects.(另一方面，一些反对者认为，高中生在核心学术科目上已经有了繁重的工作量。)”可知，这篇文章主要讨论了高中生是否应该被要求学习金融素养课程，并介绍了正反两方的观点，由此可知，这篇文章的主题是关于高中生金融素养课程的辩论。故选B项。14．细节理解题。根据第一段“Somepeoplethinkitisextremelynecessary.Theyarguethatintoday’ssociety,studentsneedtounderstandbasicfinancialconceptssuchasbudgeting,saving,andmanagingdebt.Thisknowledgewillhelpthemmakebetterfinancialdecisionsinthefuture,whetherit’saboutcollegeloans,buyingacar,orstartingacareer.(有些人认为这是非常必要的。他们认为，在当今社会，学生需要了解基本的财务概念，如预算、储蓄和债务管理。这些知识将帮助他们在未来做出更好的财务决策，无论是大学贷款、买车还是创业。)”可知，有些人支持高中生的金融素养课程，认为这有助于学生了解基本的财务概念，帮助他们在未来做出更好的财务决策，由此可知，有些人支持高中生的金融素养课程，因为它有助于学生理解未来决策的基本财务概念。故选B项。15．细节理解题。根据第二段“Ontheotherhand,someopponentsbelievethathighschoolstudentsalreadyhaveaheavyworkloadwithcoreacademicsubjects.Addingafinancialliteracycoursemightoverwhelmthemandtakeawaytimefromotherimportantstudies.Theyalsothinkthatfinancialknowledgecanbelearnedlaterinlifethroughpersonalexperiencesorothermeans.(另一方面，一些反对者认为，高中生在核心学术科目上已经有了繁重的工作量。增加一门金融素养课程可能会让他们不堪重负，并占用其他重要研究的时间。他们还认为，金融知识可以在以后的生活中通过个人经历或其他方式学习。)”可知，一些反对者认为金融素养课程可能会让高中生不堪重负，金融知识可以在以后的生活中通过个人经历或其他方式学习，由此可知，反对者认为这门课程会增加学生的工作量，以后可以学习。故选C项。16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Awelldesignedfinancialliteracycoursecanbeintegratedintothecurriculumwithoutoverburdeningstudentsandwillequipthemwithessentiallifeskills.(精心设计的金融素养课程可以融入课程，而不会给学生带来过重的负担，并将为他们提供基本的生活技能。)”可知，作者认为精心设计的金融素养课程可以融入课程，能为学生提供基本的生活技能，由此可知，作者的观点是相信金融素养课程可以融入课程并带来好处。故选C项。Passage5TheoaktreehasbeeninsouthernEnglandcontinuouslyfor12,000years.Butdoesithaveafuture?By2050,London’sweathercould