北京市朝阳区2024-2025学年高三英语上学期期中质量检测含解析

北京市朝阳区2024~2025学年度第一学期期中质量检测

高三英语

（考试时间90分钟满分100分）

本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分学问运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，驾驭其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项

涂黑。

Lastnightwasthelastgameformyson*ssoccerteam.Everyoneintheteamhadtrainedvery

hardforitandthusconfidentlyexpectedabigwin.

Itwasthefinalquarter.Thescorewastwotoone,myson,steaminthe1Parents

encircledthefield,offeringencouragement.Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballrolled

infrontofmyson'steammate,Mickey0*Donne11.Withshoutsof"2it!"acrossthefield,

Mickeytookthechanceandgaveiteverythinghehad.Al1roundmethecrowderupted.Hehad3!

However,everyonerealizedimmediatelythatMickeydidit,butinthe4goal,endingthe

gaireinadraw.Foramomenttherewastotal5Theairseemedtobeatastandstill.You

see,MickeyhasDown*ssyndrome,aconditioninwhichapersonisbornwithlearningdifficulties,

andforhimallgoalsshouldbecelebrated.Hehad6beenknowntohugtheopposingplayers

whentheywonapoint.

Notknowingwhatwashappening,Mickeyranovertomysonexcitedly,“Imadeit!Imadeit!

Everybodywon!”ForamomentIheldmybreath,notsurehowmysonwould7Ineednothave

worried.Iwatched,throughtears,myson8hishandintheclassichigh-fivegestureand

startedshouting,“WaytogcMickey!WaytogoMickey!rWithinmomentsbothteamssurrounded

Mickey,joiningmysonto9himonhisgoal.

Laterthatnight,whenmydaughteraskedwhohadvon,IsmiledasIreplied,“Itwas

a1（）_____.Everybody1Aon.”

1.A.wayB.positionC.leadD.back

2.A.LeaveB.PickC.ThrowD.Kick

3.A.missedB.scoredC.performedD.slipped

4.A.clearB.wrongC.specificD.decisive

5.A.silenceB.angerC.whisperD.laughter

6.A.ratherB.hardlyC.almostD.even

7.A.admiIB.reactC.guessD.defend

8.A.drewbackB.putdownC.lookedatD.threwup

9.A.congratulateB.comfortC.consultD.instruct

10.A.reliefB.keyC.tieD.pity

【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.B5.A6.D7.B8.D9.A10.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了一个患有唐氏综合症的男孩米奇在足球竞赛中踢进了乌龙

球，虽然竞赛打平，但全部人都认为米奇赢了的故事。

【1题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：比分是二比一，我儿子的队领先。A.way方法；B.position位置；C.lead榜

样；领先地位；D.back后背。依据“Thescorewastwotoone,”及下文可知，作者儿子所在的足球队

短暂领先。故选C。

【2题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：高喊着“踢它！"A.Leave离开；B.Pick捡起；C.Throw扔；I).Kick踢。依

据"Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballrolledinfrontofmyson,steammate,Mickey

O'Donnell."可知，球到了米奇•奥唐纳的脚下，所以全部人都喊他踢球。故选D。

【3题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：他进球了！A.missed错过；B.scored得分；C.performed表演；D.slipped

滑倒。依据“However,everyonerealizedimmediatelythatMickeydidit,butinthe__4__goal,

endingthegameinadraw.”可知，米奇•奥唐纳进球得分了。故选B。

【4题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，每个人都立刻意识到，米奇做到了，但是错误的进球，以平局结束竞

赛。A.clear清楚的；B.wrong错误的：C.specific明确的：D.decisive确定性的。依据“endingthe

gaireinadraw.”可知，米奇把球踢进错误的球门了。故选B。

【5题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：一时间，全场万籁俱寂。A.silence缄默；B.anger生气；C.whisper低语；

D.laughter笑声。依据“Theairseemedtobeatastandstill.w可知，全场都很惊异,所以缄默的

万籁俱寂。故选A。

【6题详解】

2

考查副词词义辨析。句意：当对,方球员赢得一分时，他甚至会拥抱对方球员。A.rather相当；B.hardly

几乎不;C.almost儿乎；D.even甚至。依据“Yousee,MickeyhasDown'ssyndrome,aconditionin

whichapersonisbornwithlearningdifficulties,andforhimal1goalsshouldbecelebrated.n

可知，因为米奇患唐氏综合症，所以他甚至在对方进球时也会拥抱对方球员。选D。

【7题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：有那么一会儿，我屏住了呼吸，不知道儿子会有什么反应。A.admit承认；B.react

反应；C.guess猜；D.defend防守。依据"ForamomentIheldmybreath,”可知，作者不确定儿子

对这种状况的反应，故选B。

【8题详解】

考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我泪流满面地看着儿子举起手，做了一个经典的击掌动作，起先大喊：“干

得好，米奇!干得好，米奇！"A.drewback撒回：B.putdown登记；C.lookedat看；D.threwup扬

起。依据"hishandintheclassichigh-fivegestureandstartedshouting,w可知,作者儿子扬起

手欢呼。故选D。

【9题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：一会儿，两支球队都围住了米奇，和我儿子一起庆贺他进球。A.congratulate

庆贺；B.comfort劝慰；C.consult请教；【).instruct教化。依据“Iwatched,throughtears,my

son___8___hishandintheclassichigh-fivegestureandstartedshouting,“WaytogoMickey!

WaytogoMickey!””可知，两支队伍都加入儿子的欢呼，庆贺米奇进球。故选A。

【10题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上晚些时候，女儿问我谁赢了，我笑着回答：“平局。大家都赢了。”A.

relief欣慰;B.key关键;C.tie平局;D.pity怜悯;怜悯。依据However,everyonerealizedimmediately

thatMickeydidit,butinthe___4___goal,endingthegameinadraw.w可知，竞赛结果以平局告

终。故选C。

其次节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)

A

阅读下面短文，依据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

InmyearlyyearsatschoolIhadtroublewithsomesubjects.SometimesIwouldgetan"F”

andthatwouldmakeme11(real)scared.WhatIusedtodowasturnthe"F"intoa"B"

12(please)myparents.However,itdidn,tworkoutandfinallyIwascaughtdoingthat.

3

【14题详解】

考查名词性从句。句意：约上几个挚友，在街上悠然地闲逛一一这是很多年轻人在访问一个新城市时宠爱

做的事情。分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句。从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词*hat引导。故填

whcito

【15题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：参与者可以沿着独特的城市路途，以自己的节奏探究城市。句中已有谓语动词，

所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语Participants与。xplore之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故

填exploringo

【16题详解】

考查名词的数。句意：与闻名景点和拥挤的人群相比，他们更宠爱在他们参观的地方获得更全面的体验。

名词spot为可数名词，泛指很多景点，用复数形式。故填spots。

C

阅读下面短文，依据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Technologyisconstantlyadvancing.17weimaginedityearsagocannotkeepupwith

itspaceofdevelopment.Inthepast,autonomousvehicleswerejustapartofmovies,18

thesetechnologiesarenowsuccessfullycomingintobeing.Anautonomouscar,also19(know)

asaself-drivingcar,canperformallfunctionsrelatedtoeverydaydrivingandparking.Itis

atechnologythatsensestheenvironmentand,uponenteringthedestination,20(find)

itswaywithouthumanintervention.

【答案】17.How

18.but19.known

20.finds

【解析】

【导语】木文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车技术的快速发展和功能的强大。

【17题详解」

考查主语从句。句意：我们多年前的想象已经跟不上它的发展步伐。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句

作主句的主语，从句中缺少方式状语，因此应用连接副词how作引导词，且空处位于句首，how的首字母需

大写。故填How。

【18题详解】

考查连词。句意：在过去，无人驾驶汽车只是电影的一部分，但这些技术现在正在胜利地成为现实。前面

5

说明过去无人驾驶汽车仍属于电影中的场景，还不是现实，后面说明现在这些技术已成为现实，因此前后

语义构成转折，空处应用意为“但是”的并列连词but。故填but。

【19题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：无人驾驶汽车，也被称为自动驾驶汽主，可以执行日常驾驶和停车相关的全部功

能。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作Anautonomouscar的非限制性后置定语，know和An

autonomouscar逻辑上是被动关系，且动作已完成，因此应用know的过去分词形式。故填known。

【20题详解】

考查时态和主谓一样。句意：这是一种可以感知环境的技术，一旦进入目的地，就可以在没有人为干预的

状况下找到自己的路。分析句子可知，空处和senses并列，作that引导的定语从句的谓语，时态为一般

现在时，find也应用笫三人称单数形式。故填finds。

其次部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题：每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Ahearingaidisasmallelectronicdeviceyouwearincrbehindyoureartomakesoundslouder.

Ahearingaidhasthreebasicparts:amicrophoneanamp1ifierandaspeaker.Thehearingaid

receivessoundthroughamicrophone,whichchangesthesoundwavestoelectricalsignalsandsends

themtoanamplifier.Theamplifierincreasesthepowerofthesignalsandsendsthemtotheear

throughaspeaker.Iherearethreestylesofhearingaids.

,Behind-the-ear(BTE)aidsareusedbypeopleofallages.“Mini"BTEisanewkind.These

smallandopen-fitaidsfitbehindtheearcompletely,withanarrowtubeintotheearcanal,

enablingthecanaltoremainepen.Thus,somepeoplepreferitbecausetheirownvoicedoesnot

sound“pluggedup”.

,In-the-ear(ITE)aidsfitcompletelyinsidetheouterear.SomeITEaidsmayhaveadded

features,suchasatelecoi1thata11owsuserstoreceivesoundthroughthecircuitryofthehearing

aid,ratherthanthroughitsmicrophone.

•Canalaidsfitintotheearcanalandareavailableintwostyles.In-the-canal(ITC)aids

aremadetofitthesizeandshapeoftheearcanal.Completely-in-canal(CIC)aidsarehidden

intheearcanal.

Thehearingaidthatwillworkbestforyoudependsonyourhearingneedsandlifestyle.Price

6

isalsoakeyconsideration.However,justbecauseonehearingaidismoreexpensivethananother

doesnotnecessarilymeanthatitwi11bettersuityourneeds.Otherfeaturestoconsiderinclude

partsorservicescoveredbytheguarantee,estimatedcostsforrepair,andthehearingaid

coirpanyJsreputationforqualityandservice.

Formoreinformation,contact:nidedinfo^nided.nih.gov.

21.Whathelpsstrengthenthepowerofelectricalsignalsinahearingaid?

A.Themicrophone.B.Theamplifier.

C.Thespeaker.D.Thetelecoil.

22.Ifpreferringahearingaidthatkeepstheearcanalopen,youcanchoose.

A."Mini”BTEB.In-the-earaids

C.In-the-canalaidsD.Completely-in-canalaids

23.Tobuyasuitablehearingaid,youshould______.

A.increaseyourestimatedcostsB.findtheonewithmorefeatures

C.giveintotheafter-saleservicesD.consideryourneedsandlifestyle

【答案】21.B22.A23.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了助听器的基本构成和三种基本类型（BTE、ITE、Canalaids）以

及适用人群、运用场景和价格等方面的信息。

[21题详解】

微小环节理解题。依据第一段"Thehearingaidreceivessoundthroughamicrophone,whichchanges

thesoundwavestoelectricalsignalsandsendsthorntoanamplifier.Theamplifierincreases

thepowerofthesignalsandsendsthemtotheearthroughaspeaker.（助听器通过麦克风接收声

音，麦克风将声波转换为电信号并将其发送到放大器。放大器增加信号的功率，并通过扬声器将它们送到

耳朵）”可知，放大器有助于增加助听器内电信号的强度。故选B项。

【22题详解】

微小环节理解题。依据其次段“"Mini"BTEisanewkind.Thesesmallandopen-fitaidsfitbehind

theearcompletely,withanarrowtubeintotheearcanal,enablingthecanaltoremainopen.

Thus,somepeoplepreferitbecausetheirownvoicedocsnotsoundpluggedup".（“迷你”BTE

是一种新型BTE。这些小而开放的帮助设备完全适合耳后，有一个狭窄的管进入耳道，使耳道保持开放。因

此，有些人宠爱它，因为他们自己的声音听起来不“堵塞”）”可知，假如更宠爱保持耳道开放的助听器，

你可以选择“Mini”BTE。故选A项。

7

【23题详解】

微小环节理解题。依据倒数其次段“Thehearingaidthatwillivorkbestforyoudependsonyourhearing

needsand1ifeslyle.（最适合你的助听器取决于你的听力需求知生活方式）”可知，要购买合适的助听器，

你应当考虑你的需求和生活方式。故选D项。

B

BrianPetersonhadjustmovedtoCalifornia.Outsidehisapartment,ahomelessmanwasoften

shoutingonthestreetcorner,sometimeskeepinghimawakeatnight.Petersonwouldpasstheguy

onhiswaytowork,buttheyneverspoke.

Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbedbythehomelessman.

Inspiredbythebook'scompassionate（有怜悯心的）message,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:

Hewasgoingtogooutsideandintroducehimself.ThehomelessmanwasMattFaris.He'dmoved

toCaliforniatopursueacareerinmusic,butheendeduplivingonthestreet.

“Itwasthestrangestthingtome,“Petersonrecalled."Isawbeautyonthefaceofaman

whchacln*tshavedortakenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstoryinspiredme."Andeven

thoughPeterson,anartschoolgraduate,hadn,tpaintedinabouteightyears,heaskedifhe

couldpaintFaris'sportrait（肖像）.Farissaidyes.

ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,anon-profitorganizationfocused

onbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.Petersonsellstheportraits,putting

theincomeintowhathecallsa“loveaccountwforhismodel.Hethenhelpspeopleusethemoney

togetbackontheirfeet.

ManyofPeterson,snewfriendsusethedonationstosecureinunediatenecessities—medical

carehotelrooms,andfood.Farisusedthefundsfromhisportraittorecordanalbum（专辑），

realizinghismusicaldreams.Anothersubject,Sondoval,whohadneverbeenabletofinancially

supportherdaughter,usedthemoneytopayherdaughter*srent.

SinceFacesofSantaAnawasestab1ished,Petersonhaspainted41ofal1theportraits.But

there'smoretothefinishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho'sdownandout.

He'sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,finding

siirilai'itiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwisestereotyped（持固有

观念）oroverlooked.uPeopleoftentellme,'Iwastheonethatwouldcrossthestreet.But

Iseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,'"Petersonsays."Idicin'tknowthatwouldhappen.”

8

24.HowdidPetersonfeciaboutthehomelessmanafterreadingthebook?

A.Annoyed.B.Amazed.C.Concerned.D.Confused.

25.AftertalkingwithFaris,Petersondecidedto.

A.payforhisrentB.recordanalbum

C.gotoanartschoolD.painthisportrait

26.HowdidPetersonhelpthehomeless?

A.Hefoundedanon-profitorganization.B.Heboughtimmediatenecessitiesforthem.

C.Hedonatedmoneytorelatedorganizations.D.Hetaughtthemhowtorealizetheirdreams.

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Prejudiceblocksdreams.B.Wealthcanmakepeoplewise.

C.Sympathycanbreakstereotypes.D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲解并描述了艺术家BrianPeterson如何通过肖像画帮助无家可

归的人并变更他们的生活的感人故事。

【24题详解】

推理推断题。依据文章其次段“Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbed

bythehomelessman.Inspiredbythebook,scompassionate（有怜悯心的）message,Petersonmade

anunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoingtogooutsideandintroducehimself.（一天，Peterson正在

读《爱的力气》，这时他被一个流浪汉打搅了。受到书中富有怜惘心的信息的启发，Peterson做了一个意想

不到的确定：他要出去介绍自己）”可知，Peterson之前始终对流浪汉的存在感到困扰，而读完这本书，他

受到了书中怜悯心理念的影响，确定走出去向流浪汉介绍自己，户最终帮助了流浪汉。由此可知，当Peterson

读完书后，他对流浪汉充溢担忧。故选C。

【25题详解】

微小环节理解题。依据文章第三段“"Itwasthestrangestthingtome,"Petersonrecalled."Isaw

beautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn,tshavedortakenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstory

inspiredme."AndeventhoughPeterson,anartschoolgraduate,hadn'tpaintedinabouteight

years,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris'sportrait（肖像）.Farissaidyes（"这对我来说是最惊

异的事情，"Peterson|可忆说。“我在一个或许一年都没刮胡子、没洗澡的男人脸上看到了美。但他的故

事激励了我」尽管毕业于艺术学院的Peterson已经有八年没有画过画了，但他还是问能不能画一下Earis

的肖像。Faris答应了）”可知，Peterson和Faris沟通之后，确定为他画一幅肖像画。故选

9

【26题详解】

微小环节理解题。依据文章第四段“ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,a

non-profitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.（这

段阅历促使Peterson成立了"FacesofSantaAna"，这是一个非营利组织,致力于帮助无家可归的人,

并为他们画肖像）”可知，为了帮助无家可归的人，Peterson成立了一个非营利组织。故选A。

【27题详解】

推理推断题。依据文章最终一段"He，sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryof

thepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymight

haveotherwisestereotyped（持固有观念）oroverlooked.（他发觉,买家倾向于与画中人物的故事联系

起来，找到相像之处，往往与他们原本可能刻板印象或忽视的人建立友情）”以及全文内容可知，通过画肖

像，Peterson帮助无家可归的人打破了人们的固有观念，让他们感到被敬重和观赏。由此推知，这全部的

•切都是源于Peterson最初对流浪汉的怜悯心。故选C。

C

“WhenIstoppedinatourlocaltourismofficeinMontrealtoaskwheretheywouldrecommend

visitorstogotosmell,taste,andlistentothecity,Ijustreceivedblankstares.Theyonly

knewaboutthingstosee,notaboutthecily'sothersensoryattractions,itssoundmarksand

smellmarks,nsaysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,agrowingfieldoftenreferredtoas

Msensoryurbanism”.

Aroundtheworld,researcherslikeHowesareinvestigatinghownon-visualinformationdefines

thecharacterofacityandaffectsitslivability.Usingmethodsrangingfromlow-techsound

walkstodatacollecting,wearables（clothingorglassesthatcontaincomputertechnology）,and

virtualreality,they,refightingwhattheyseeasalimitingvisualpreferenceinurbanplanning.

“Justbeingabletocloseyoureyesfor10minutesgivesyouatotal1ydifferentfeeling

abcutaplace,wsaysOguzOner,anacademicandmusician.Hehasspentyearsorganizingsound

walksinIstanbulwhereparticipantsdescribewhattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyes

covered.Hisresearchhasidentifiedlocationswhereawaveorgancouldbeconstructedto

strengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedtorealizepeoplecouldhardlyhear,

evenalongthewaterfront.

Althoughhisfindingshavenotbeenconsideredintolocalurbanplansyettniskindof

individualfeedback（反馈）aboutthesensoryenvironmentisalreadybeingputtouseinBerlin,

10

wherequietareasidentifiedbycitizensusingafreemobi1eapphavebeenincludedinthecityts

latestnoiseactionplan.

Thebestwaytodeterminehowpeoplereacttodifferentsensoryenvironmentsisasubject

ofsomedebatewithinthefield.Howesandhiscolleaguesareusingobservationandinterviews

todevelopasetofbestpracticesforgoodsensorydesigninpublicspaces.Otherresearchers

aregoingmorehigh-tech,usingwearablestotrackbiologicaldatalikeheart-ratevariability

torevealdifferentsensoryexperiences.

Asdatacollectionaboutpeople,ssensoryexperiencesbecomesmorewidespread,manyofthese

expertswarnthatconcernsaboutprivacyandsurvei1lance（监视）needtobetakenintoaccount.

Issuesoffairnessandinclusionalsocomeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiences

arefactoredintoplanning.wSensoryawarenessisnotindependentorsimplybiological;whether

wefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyandsocially,saysMonicaDegen,

anurbanculturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.

DegencitestheexampleofaLondonneighborhoodwhereinexpensiverestaurantsforlocalyouth

werereplacedbytrendycafes."Itusedtosmolllikefriedchicken,wshesays,butnewer

residentsfoundthatsmel1annoyingratherthanwelcoming."Nowilsine11s1ikethepopularItalian

coffee,cappuccinos.M

28.Theunderlinedphraseublankstares“inParagraph1impliesthat.

A.Montrealislackinginvisualappeal

B.MontrealJsnon-visualinformationisignored

C.thetourismofficersobjecttosensoryurbanism

D.therearetoomanytouristattractionstorecommend

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthspassage?

A.Manymethodsareusedtolimitthevisualpreference.

B.Potentialconcernsaboutcollectingdatacanberelieved.

C.Peoplemayfailtonoticesoundattractionseveninbetterlocations.

D.Individualfeedbackrestrictsthedevelopmentofsensoryenvironment.

30.Whatcanboinferredfromthepassage?

A.People'sperceptionsoftheirsensorysurroundingsaresubjective.

B.Sensoryurbanismneedstofocusondevelopingsensoryfacilities.

C.Sensoryexperienceisdominantinshapingthecharacterofacity.

11

D.Choicesofsensoryattractionsinurbanplanningdependontourists.

【答案】28.B29.C30.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章通过介绍探讨者们如何考虑城市中的感官体验来探讨城市规划中的一

些新趋势和挑战。同时，文中也引用了多位专家的观点和案例来支持作者的立论。

【28题详解】

词句揣测题。依据划线词组下文“Theyonlyknowaboutthingstosee,notaboutthecity,sother

sensoryattractions,itssoundmarksandsmellmarks,vsaysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,

agrowingfieldoftenreferredtoas"sensoryurbanism".（"他们只知道看的东西,不知道城市的

其他感官景点，它的声音和气味，”感官探讨主任豪斯说。感官探讨是一个不断发展的领域，通常被称为

“感官城市主义“）”可知，很多人忽视了城市的其他感官景点，它的声音和气味，因此当我在蒙特利尔当

地的旅游办公室停下来，询问他们会举荐游客去哪里闻、尝、火这座城市的声音时，我得到的只是茫然的

目光。由此可知，划线词组blankstares是“茫然的目光”之意，意味着“蒙特利尔的非视觉信息被忽视

了”。故选B项。

【29题详解】

推理推断题。依据第三段“Hehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalksinistanbulwhereparticipants

describewhattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyescovered.Hisresearchhasidentified

loccitionswhereawaveorgancouldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,something

hewassurprisedtorealizepsoplecouldhardlyhear,evenalongthewaterfront.（多年来，他始

终在伊斯坦布尔组织“声音闲逛”活动，参与者蒙着眼睛描述他们在不同地点听到的声音。他的探讨己经

确定了可以建立波浪风琴的地点，以增加海浪的声音，他惊异地发觉，即使在海滨，人们也几乎听不到海

浪的声音）”可推知，即使在更好的地方，人们也可能不会留意到声音的吸引力。故选C项。

【30题详解】

推理推断题。依据倒数其次段“Issuesoffciirnessandinclusionalsocomeintoplaywhendetermining

whesesensoryexperiencesarefactoredintoplanning.uSensoryawarenessisnotindependentor

siirplybiological;whetherwefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyand

socially,wsaysMonicaDegen,anurbanculturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.（公

允性和包涵性的问题也在确定谁的感官体验被纳入规划时发挥了作用。“感官意识不是独立的，也不是简

洁的生物；我们是否觉得某件事令人欢乐，是由文化和社会塑造的，”伦敦布鲁内尔高校（BrunelUniversity

London）的城市文化社会学家莫妮卡・德根（MonicaDegen）说）”可推知，人们对感官环境的感知是主观的。

故选A项。

12

D

Inthe1770s,anEnglishdoctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisgardenerJssoncowpox（牛

痘）andthendeliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox（天花）totesthisassumptionthatpeople

whcwerefrequentlyexposedtocowpox,asimilarbutlessseverevirus,wouldavoidcatching

smallpox.Itworkedandcowpoxasthevaccine（疫苗）washighlyeffective."Vaccination"，from

theLatinwordforcow,soonbecamecommonplace.

Challengetrialsarcfornsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnatural

infections,weintentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessof

avaccineortreatment.ThingshavechangedalotsinceJenner,stime,ofcourse,whenitwas

notuncommonfordoctorstoconductthiskindofresearch.Evenso,there*sthecontinuoussense

thatthere,ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpurpose.

Butthisshouldn,tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofchallengetrials.Theycouldbecome

increasinglyimportantweaponsinthemedicalresearch,inasituationwherevaccinetechnology

isadvancingandthethreatofdiseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsisincreasing.

Muchhasbeendonetoreducetherisksofchallengetrials.Likerespiratorysyncytialvirus

（RSV）,researchershaveinvolvedadultswhoareatalowriskofseverei1Iness.Theseactshave

alreadycutdownamassiverangeofvaccinecandidates.Withtheirhelp,theworldwillsoonhave

thefirstvaccinesagainstRSV,whichkillstensofthousandsofnewbornbabieseachyear.But

notalldiseasesareliketheseones.Wedon,talwaysknowthedangersvolunteersmightface:

wedon,talwayshavetreatmentsready.Whatthen?

Wocould,ofcourse,justavoidthesequestionsentirely,and