主从复合句（讲义）-中考英语一轮复习（学生版）

专题十三：主从复合句专题十三：主从复合句第一部分、宾语从句考点：宾语从句的用法1、宾语从句：就是从句在整个句子中充当宾语的复合句式等。2、宾语从句的引导词：引导词用法例句易错点That从句表事实/陈述，that可省略Ithink(that)sheisright.（我认为她是对的。）2.Hetoldme(that)helikedmusic.（他告诉我他喜欢音乐。）动词（think/say/tell）后接陈述句，that省略不影响句意一般疑问句→if/whether 从句表“是否”，if/whether可互换；whether可接ornot，if不可 Sheasksif/whetheritwillrain.（她问是否会下雨。）2.Doyouknowwhetherhewilleornot?（你知道他是否会来吗？）if...orif...ornot”，要用“whether...ornot”特殊疑问句→疑问词用原疑问词（what/who/where等）作引导词，不可省略Doyouknowwhathebought?（你知道他买了什么吗？）2.Idon’tknowwhereshelives..（我不知道她住在哪。） 疑问词在从句中需充当成分（主语/宾语/状语等）3、宾语从句的语序由whether/if和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序，原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。例句：Wheredoesyourfatherwork?Canyoutellus?→Canyoutelluswhereyourfatherworks?你能告诉我们你爸爸在哪里工作吗？例句：Didyougethomeverylate?Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIgothomeverylate.他问我是否到家很晚。4、宾语从句的时态分类用法例句易错点主句现→从句任意时主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际语境选时态 Shesayssheisreadingnow.（现进行时）2.Hetellsmehewillgotomorrow.（一般将来时） 不受主句限制，看从句动作发生的时间主句过→从句过时态主句是一般过去时，从句用过去类时态（过现/过进/过将等） 1.Hesaidhewasastudent.（一般过去时）2.Shetoldmeshewouldesoon.（过去将来时）注意“will→would”“is→was”等时态转换从句是客观真理→现单三无论主句时态，从句用一般现在时 1.Theteachersaidthemoongoesaroundtheearth.（月亮绕地球转）2.Hetolduslighttravelsfast.（光传播得快）客观真理/科学事实永用一般现在时，不受主句过去时影响5、宾语从句的否定转移主句如果是Ithink/believe/imagine/suppose/guess/expect等，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。例例句：例句：Idon’tthinkthey’llwaittothelastminute，willthey？我认为他们不会等到最后一分钟，他们会吗？例句：Idon’tbelievehedidthis,didhe?我相信他不会做这样的事，他会吗？【基础练习】一、单项选择1．—DoyouthinkJackcangetgoodmarks?—Ineverdoubt________hewillwintherace.A．if B．that C．how D．whether2．—Ibegyourpardon,Ididn’tcatchyou.—Ijustasked_____________.A．thatyouenjoyedyourbirthdaypartylastnight B．wheredoyourclassmatesbuythebirthdaygiftsC．ifyouinvitedyourclassmatestoyourbirthdayparty D．whetheryoulikethebirthdaygiftsfromyourclassmates3．—Doyouknow________we’llgetthereat3:00thisafternoon?—I’mafraidwe’llbelate.A．that B．how C．why D．if4．—Couldyoutellme________?I’mgoingtopickyouupattheairport.—AtfivefortyfivethisFriday.A．whereyoumetme B．whoyouareingwith C．whattimeyouarearriving5．—Couldyoupleasetellme________?—TheWrightBrothers.A．whentheplanewasinventedB．whotheplanewasinventedbyC．howtheplanewasinvented6．—Couldyoutellme________?—Goalongthestreetandturnleftatthesecondcrossing.A．whichisthewaytothelibraryB．howcanIgettothelibraryC．whereIcouldbuysomestamps7．Alicecouldn’tfindout________,soshehandedittotheteacher.A．whosebookwasit B．who’sthebook C．whosebookmayit D．whosebookitwas8．Youcaneat________youlike.Helpyourself.A．whatever B．when C．however9．—Doyouknow_________thebookstoreclosestoday?Ineedtobuyadictionary.—I’mnotsureifitclosesat6p.m.,butyou’dbettergoquickly.A．what B．when C．where D．why10．—I’mlookingforwardtoChina’s15thNationalGames.Doyouknow________?—Yes,inGuangzhou,HongKongandMacao.A．whenwillitbeheld B．whenitwillbeheld C．wherewillitbeheld D．whereitwillbeheld11．—Intoday’safterschoolserviceclass,wetalkedabout________.—That’sagoodtopicforteenagers’mental(心理)health.A．howwecouldkeepagoodfeeling B．howwecangetbettergradesC．howcanwemanageourtime D．howcouldwebehelpful12．—Fionaplannedtojoinourdanceclub.Doyouknow________?—Maybeshedidn’thaveenoughtimeforit.A．whyshesuddenlychangeshermindB．whydidshesuddenlychangehermindC．whyshesuddenlychangedhermind13．Davidwilldo_________hismotheraskshim.A．however B．whatever C．whoever14．Father’sDayising.I’mthinkingabout________.A．whatpresentIgavehim B．howIwillgivehimasurpriseC．ifIplannedapartyforhim D．wherewehadabigmeal15．—Whatdidyoulearninphysicsclass?—Theteachertoldusthelight________fasterthanthesound.A．travelling B．travelled C．travel D．travels16．—Lilydidn’tappearattheschoolpartyyesterday.Doyouknow________?—Oh,shehadabadcold.A．Whatwaswrongwithher B．whatwrongshewasC．whatshehappened D．whathappenedshewas17．I________tointerruptotherswhiletheyaretalking.A．thinkitisnotpolite B．don’tthinkitispoliteC．thinkit’spolite D．don’tthinkit’snotpolite第二部分、定语从句考点：定语从句的定义和用法初中定语从句核心：用句子修饰名词/代词，本质是“加长版的形容词”，分两类核心考点。2、基本结构：先行词+引导词+定语从句（1）

先行词：放在引导词前面被从句修饰的名词/代词（比例句：thebook,thegirl）。（2）关系词：连接主句和从句的词，分两类：关系代词：在从句中作主语/宾语（who,whom,which,that,whose）关系副词：在从句中作状语（when时间,where地点,why原因）（3）定语从句：紧跟先行词，用关系词引导的句子。3、核心关系词用法分类关系词指代对象从句中作用例句关系代词who人（主格）主语TheboywhoissmilingisTom.（微笑的男孩是汤姆）whom人（宾格）宾语（可省）Thegirlwhomyoumetismysister.（你见的女孩是我姐）which物/事主语/宾语ThisisthepenwhichIlost.（这是我丢的笔）that人/物主语/宾语（可省）Thebookthathegavemeisfun.（他给我的书很有趣）whose人/物的“……的”定语（表所属）ThegirlwhosehairislongisLucy.（长发女孩是露西）关系副词where地点地点状语Thisistheparkwhereweplayed.（这是我们玩过的公园）Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。考点：定语从句易错点1.

关系词“that/which/who”混淆错误：先行词既有人又有物时，误用which/who正解：必须用that（唯一选项）例句：TheteacherandherclassthatIvisitedweregreat.（√）2.

介词提前时的关系词错误错误：介词在关系词前，用了that/who正解：只能用“介词+whom（人）/which（物）”，且不可省例句：ThepenwithwhichIwriteisnew.（√）；ThepenwiththatIwriteisnew.（×）3.

“关系代词省略”的过度使用错误：关系词作主语时，误省略that/which/who正解：关系词作主语时绝对不能省，作宾语时才可以省例句：ThegirlwhosingswellisLucy.（who不可省，作主语）；Thebook(that)Ireadisfun.（that可省，作宾语）4.

“where”和“which”的误用错误：看到“地点”就用where，忽略从句是否缺宾语正解：从句缺宾语用which，不缺宾语用where例句：Thisisthecitywhichwevisited.（缺宾语，visited后没名词）；Thisisthecitywherewelived.（不缺宾语，lived后有in的含义）5.

whose的所属关系混淆错误：表“物的所属”时，不会用whose或ofwhich正解：whose可代人/物，=“ofwhich（物）/ofwhom（人）”例句：Thehousewhosewindowisbroken=Thehouseofwhichthewindowisbroken.（√）【随堂练习】一、单项选择1．Tommysaidhewastheonlyperson________Icouldtrustinthistown.A．which B．that C．whose D．how2．—Haveyouheardofthemostbeautifulplace________hevisitedlastwinter?—Yes,itisthebeautifulplacein________LuXunwasborn.A．/,which B．that,that C．which,/3．Thisistheplace________heoftenmentioned,butIhaveno________aboutit.A．/;sense B．which;idea C．where;humour D．that;doubt4．Theyoungman__________isleavingforJapannextSaturday.A．thegirlistalkingtohim B．whothegirlistalkingtoC．whichthegirlistalkingto D．whothegirlistalking5．Successalwaysbelongstothose________trytheirbesttomaketheirdreametrue.A．whose B．whom C．who6．That’sthenewinstrument________partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A．that B．which C．whose7．Doyouknowtheyear________theChinesemunistPartywasfounded?A．which B．that C．when D．onwhich8．Thefamousactorinvitedthejournalisttothesmalltheater________hiscareerbegan.There,hesharedtheway________heimprovedhisactingskills.A．where;where B．which;where C．where;/ D．which:/9．Shanghaiisexperiencinganotherextremeheatwave,________hasbeemorefrequentinrecentyearsduetoclimatechange.A．that B．which C．who D．when10．_______,differentcultureshavedifferentwaysofcelebratingfestivals.A．Itisknownthat B．Asisknowntoall C．Whatisknown D．Whichisknownthat11．IntheUSA,conversationislesslivelythaninmanyothercultures,____everyonetalksatthesametime.A．which B．that C．where D．what12．Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.________youcandohelps.A．However B．Whoever C．Whatever第三部分、状语从句考点：状语从句的定义和用法1、状语从句：状语从句是句子的状语由一个从句充当，它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。状语从句都由从属连词引导，与主句连接，放在句末时，一般不在前面加逗号。2、例句：Whereveryougo,Iwillberighther注意：because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显已为人们所知，就用as或since。例句：Ididn'tgo,becauseIwasafraid.我没有去因为我害怕。Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.因为天气不好，我们得推迟我们的旅行。【基础练习】一、单项选择1．—Pleasetellhimthenews.—OK.I’lltellhim________Iseehim.A．assoonas B．since C．because D．before2．MrGreenwastalkingonthephone________Iarrivedathisoffice.A．while B．when C．assoonas D．before3．Mydadwascookinginthekitchen________mymumwascleaningthehouse.A．because B．while C．until D．but4．________Helen’sknowledgeandvocabularyincreased,sheaskedmoreandmorequestions.A．Unless B．While C．As D．Before5．Hehasbeenquitedifferent________heachievedhisdreamin2024.A．when B．since C．sothat D．after6．Pleasemakesuretoclosethewindows________youleavetheclassroom.A．until B．because C．before D．if7．We________abletosingthisEnglishsongperfectlyafterwepracticeitseveraltimes.A．are B．were C．willbe D．havebeen8．Ididn’trealizetheimportanceofhealth________Ilostit.A．while B．until C．when D．if9．BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,we________inEuropefortwoweeks.A．willstay B．willhavestayed C．havestayed D．havebeenstaying10．________youfinishyourhomework,youcan’twatchTV.A．If B．Unless C．When D．Because11．________heis38yearsold,heisstillthebestte