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必修

第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters

L基础知识排查

■知识速记词汇句型

[单元词汇要记牢1

I.认阅读单词

1.tornadon.(/?/.-oesor-os)龙卷风;旋风

2.droughtn.旱灾;久旱

3.landsliden.(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌;滑坡

4.tsunamin.海啸

5.volcaniceruption火山喷发

6.magnitude几.(地)震级;重大

7.evacuate疏散;撤出况.撤离

8.helicoptern.直升机

9.crackn.裂纹;裂缝沅.&".(使)破裂

10.brickn.石专;石专块

11.metaln.金属

12.revive况.复活;(使)苏醒

13.revivaln,振兴;复苏

14.unify5.&统一;(使)成一体

15.volcanon.(pZ.-oesor-os)火山

16.typhoonn.台风

17.hurricane".(尤指西大西洋的)飓风

18.whistle况.吹口哨;发出笛声”.吹口哨n.哨子(声);呼啸声

II.记重点单词

1.disastern.灾难;灾害

2.slide九&".(slid,slid)(使)滑行;滑动

3.flood机洪水;大量区淹没;大量涌入”.使灌满水;淹没

4.rescuen.&”.营救;救援

5.damage”.损害;破坏机损坏;损失

6.destroy”.摧毁;毁灭

7.shelters.避难处;居所;庇护”.保护;掩蔽九躲避(风雨或危险)

8.gasn.汽油;气体;燃气

9.ruinn.&。力破坏;毁坏

10.percentn.百分之...adj.&adv.每一百中

11.trap”.使落入险境;使陷入圈套".险境;陷阱

12.burya.埋葬;安葬

13.effortn.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力

14.contextn.上下文;语境;背景

15.supplyn.供应(量);补给;[p/.]补给品”.供应;供给

16.tap式.&a.轻叩;轻敲;轻拍机水龙头;轻叩;轻敲

17.pipen.管子;管道

18.calm。的•.镇静的;沉着的”.使平静;使镇静

19.aidn.援助;帮助;救援物资方.&".伪rm。/)帮助;援助

20.crash".&式.碰撞;撞击n.撞车;碰撞

21.sweepvt.&况.(swept,swept)打扫;清扫

22.waven.海浪;波浪式.&。力挥手;招手

23.strike沅.&".(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭;突击;击打n.罢工;罢课;袭击

in.知拓展单词

1.deathn.死;死亡-dead皿/.死的一deadly4力’.致命的一dieo.死亡

2.affect”.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动feffect效果;结果;影响feffective〃力•.有效的

3.shockn.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克”.(使)震惊fshocking〃0•.令人震惊的fshocked4力;

感到震惊的

4.electricityn.电;电能一electricadj.电的;用电的felectronicadj.电子的

5.breathevi.&vt.呼吸-breathn.呼吸fbreathless时.气喘吁吁的

6.wisdomn.智慧;才智fwise〃力•.明智的funwise〃分不明智的

7.suffer遭受;蒙受(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦fsuffering机受难;苦楚

8.erupt况火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出feruption机喷发

9.survive况.生存;存活”.幸存;艰难度过-survival〃.幸存;生还-survivor机幸存者;

生还者

10.powern.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力一powerful〃矽:强大的;强壮的fpowerless〃的.

无力的

11.emergencyn.突发事件;紧急情况femergent时;紧急的femerge况.浮现;出现

12.deliver”&式.递送;传达”.发表一delivery〃.投递;送交

13.summaryn,总结;概括;概要fsummariz(s)e况.总结;概括

14.lengthn.长;长度flong〃力•.长的flengtheno.(使)变长

W.背核心短语

1.asif似乎;好像;仿佛

2.inruins严重受损;破败不堪

3.inshock震惊;吃惊

4.intheopenair露天;在户夕卜

5.firstaidkit急救箱

6.onhand现有(尤指帮助)

7.sweepaway消灭;彻底消除

8.refusetodosth.拒绝做某事

9.thenumberof.........的数量

[增加词汇来助力1

1.ambulancen,救护车

2.ancientadj.古代的

3.anniversaryn.周年纪念日

4.annuala方.每年的

5.antiquen.古董,古玩

6.apartmentn,公寓

7.apparent。的.表面上的;明显的

[经典句式需悟通1

1.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat,anddogsrefusedtogoinside

buildings.(too...to...)

鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西,狗也不愿意进屋里去。

2.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend.(asif引导的虚拟语气)

仿佛世界末日即将来临。

3.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.(主语+be+〃4/.+todo)

很难得到水、食物和电。

4.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhowere

trappedandtoburythedead.(thosewho...)

地震刚刚过去,部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中挖出,并掩埋死者。

5.Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlines

acrossAsiayesterday,killingmorethan6,500peopleinIndonesia»India,Thailand»Malaysia>

andatleastfourothercountries.(现在分词短语作结果状语)

过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸,造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、

马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6,500多人死亡。

6.Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.(be

doing...when...正在做...突然....)

我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭,突然海水开始灌到我家。

■语境填词

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文,然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

death,suffer,breathe,deliver,damage,strike,bury,shock

Disasterssuchastornadoes,droughts,floods,landslidesvolcaniceruptions,typhoons,

hurricanesandearthquakeshavecomeoneafteranother,causinggreat1.damagetomany

countries.Insummary,theearthquakehastheworsteffects.The1976Tangshanearthquakecaused

morethan240,0002.deaths.90percentofhomeslayinruinsandpeople3.sufferedalot.Food,

waterandelectricitywerehardtoget.Everywherethe4.shockedsurvivorssawdestroyedbricks,

deepcracksinvillagewellsanduselessmetalsasiftheworldwereatanend.Rescueteamsdug

outthetrapped,5.buriedthedead,andbuiltsheltersintheopenair.Withunifiedeffortsand

wisdomofallpeople,thecityreviveditselfandbeganto6.breatheagain.Earthquakesunderthe

seacanalsocausetsunamis.Thetsunamithat7.struckAsiain2004crashedintocoastlines.Huge

wavessweptawaymanypeople.Foreigncountriesaidedtheseareasby8.deliveringfoodand

suppliesbyhelicopters.(Tipsforemergency:KeepcalmTaponapipeorwhistlefor

helpXStayawayfrompowerlinesXSurviveonwhatyouhaveonhandXKeepfirstaidkitsat

home)

L核心考点突破

提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇

11affectv.影响;感动;(疾病)侵袭;使感染(effect机影响;结果;效果effectiveadj.^

效的)

•beaffectedby受...的影响;被....感动

beaffectedwith感染...疾病

•haveaneffect/influenceon/upon对...产生影响

(l)Wemusttakeeffective(affect)measurestopreventnaturaldisastersinadvance.

(2)Unluckily,hewasaffected(affect)withaseriousillnessandpassedaway,makingusdepressed.

(3)总的来说,英文报比"仍对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。

(2021・新高考全国I,应用文写作)

Insummary,theEnglishnewspaperYouthaffectsmagreatly/hasagreateffectonme.Iamoften

deeplyaffectedbycountlessmovingstoriesinthenewspaper.

0shock此(使)震惊n.休克;震惊;令人震惊的事(shocked.感到震惊的shockingadj.

令人震惊的)

•beashockto...对...而言是一^牛震惊的事

inshock吃惊地,震惊地

•beshockedatsth./that...对...感到震惊

beshockedtodosth.因做某事而感到震惊

(l)Lookingatthehousewhichlayinruinsinshock,hecalled911immediatelytorescuethe

injuredpeoplewhoweretrapped.

(2)A11ofuswereshockedattheshockingnewsthatmanydeathshadbeencausedbythemountain

fire.(shock)

(3)1wasshockedtohear(hear)thenewsthathiscargotcrashedtheotherdayseriously.Thenews

wasashocktous.

(4)Thebeartoreaholeinthefenceandputhisheadin.ElliandIwereshocked.

(2020•浙江,读后续写)

fThebeartoreaholeinthefenceandputhisheadin,whichshockedElliandme/whichmadeElli

andmeshocked.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)

fWhatshockedElliandmewasthatthebeartoreaholeinthefenceandputhisheadin.(用what

引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句改写)

同回与以埋葬;安葬;掩埋;隐藏

burysth.in…把某物埋在...

buryoneselfin=beburiedin埋头于,专心于

(l)Heweptsadlyandheburiedhisfaceinhishands.(读后续写之动作描写)

_Heweptsadly,buryinghisfaceinhishands.(用doing作状语改写)

一Heweptsadly,withhisfaceburiedinhishands.(用with的复合结构改写)

fHeweptsadly,hisfaceburiedinhishands.(用独立主格改写)

(2)我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。(2021•新高考全国I,应用文写作)

①Iburymyselfin/amburiedinreadingtheEnglishnewspapereverydayandIhavegainedlotsof

colorfulknowledge.

②BuriedinreadingtheEnglishnewspapereveryday,Ihavegainedlotsofcolorfulknowledge.(用

过去分词短语作状语改写)

Elsuffer比・遭受;蒙受近•(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(suffering〃.受苦,遭难;苦楚,苦

难sufferern.受害者;患者)

sufferfrom遭受……折磨;患…

(l)Peopleofthedisasterareasufferedalotfromthetyphoon,andwatersuppliesandelectricity

werehardtoget.

(2)生活中总有一些起起伏伏,但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(读后续写之升华句X强调句)

Therearealwayssomeupsanddownsinourlives,butitisthesufferingthatmakesusstronger.

司survive试生存;存活幸免;幸存;艰难度过;生还;比...活得长(survivor〃・幸存

者survivaln.幸存;生还)

surviveon靠...存活下来

survivesth.幸免于;从...中活过来

AsurviveB(by+时间)A比B活得长(....)

(l)Wewilldoeverythinginourpowertohelpthosesurvivors(survive)inthetornado.

(2)BaptisteDubanchetisbikingacrossEurope,survivingentirelyondiscarded(丢弃的)

food.(2019•浙江)

(3)Althoughtheoldladysufferedfromaseriousillness,shestillsurvivedherhusbandby5years.

(4)生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存,而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之升华句)

Lifeisn'tabouthowtosurvivethestorm;it'saboutlearningtodanceintherain.

得strikevt.&vi.(struck,struck/stricken)击打;罢工;(时钟等)敲响;擦(火柴);撞击;侵袭;

给(某人以……)印象;突然想起m罢工;罢课;袭击

•bestruckwith/by被...所袭击(感动)

Itstrikessb.that…某人觉得...;某人突然想起....

sth.strikesb.某人想到...

•beonstrike在罢工

goonstrike举行罢工

•表示“突然想到”的单词还有hit,occuro

(1)Theworkersarecomingoutonstrikeforhigherwages,whichisashocktothegovernment.

(2)被他为我所做的事情所感动,我不能自己,感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。(读后续写之心理

描写)

①BecauseIwasstruckbywhathehaddoneforme,Icouldn,tcontainmyself,tearsofgratitude

flowingdownmycheeks.

②Struckbywhathehaddoneforme,Icouldn'tcontainmyself,tearsofgratitudeflowingdown

mycheeks.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

⑶我突然想到我可以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第一名。(20214月浙江,读后续写)

Itsuddenlystruck/hit/occurredtomethatIcouldwinthefirstplacebyforcingmyheadinsidethe

pumpkin.

Hinmins严重受损;破败不堪(niin/i.废墟;毁灭作毁灭;使破产)

be/lieinruins成为废墟:毁灭

fall/comeintoruin成为废墟;毁灭

ruinone'shope/health毁掉某人的希望/健康

(1)90percentofhouseslayinruinsafterthelandslideandhelicopterswereusedtoevacuatepeople

livingthere.

(2)ThedoctorIrespectmostburiedhimselfinfightingagainstCOVID-19dayandnightandit

nearlyruinedhishealth.(2020•全国I,书面表达)

—ThedoctorIrespectmostburiedhimselfinfightingagainstCOVID-19dayandnight,which

nearlyruinedhishealth.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)

—ThedoctorIrespectmostburiedhimselfinfightingagainstCOVID-19dayandnight,nearly

ruininghishealth.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)

Hasif/though似乎;仿佛;好像

•asif相当于asthough,意为“似乎,好像“,用在seem,look等系动词之后引导表语从句。

asif/though还可引导方式状语从句。

•若asif/though从句描述非现实情况,则用虚拟语气。

①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were);

②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用过去完成时(had+过去分词);

③当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形。

(l)Listen,thewhistleofanambulance!Itseemsasifthereis(be)anemergency.

(2)Whenapencilispartlyputintowater,itlooksasifitwere(be)broken.

⑶似乎Mac的生命结束了。

ItseemedasifMac'slifehadcometoanend.

⑷树林里很黑,似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。(读后续

写之心理描写)

Itisdarkinthewoods.ltseemsasiftherewereafiercebeastbehindeverybush.Themoreshe

thinksofthis,themorefrightenedsheis.

(5)看起来好像他们可能会给我们一百万美元。但我知道这是不可能的。

Itseemsasiftheymight/wouldgiveusamilliondollars.ButIknowitisimpossible.

用法点拨若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大,则不用虚拟语气。

bedoing...when...

IwithmythreechildrenKhmwater

startedfillingmyhome.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭,突然海水开始灌到我家。

句中when用作并列连词,意为“这时突然“。when表示“这时突然”之意,还用于以下三

种句型:

•beabouttodo...when…正要估攵.突然....

•beonthepointofdoing...when…正要做..突然....

•had(just)done...when…刚做完.这时突然....

(1)我们正要离开时,隔壁房间突然发出了巨大的响声。

Wewereabouttoleave/wereonthepointofleavingwhenabignoisecamefromthenextroom.

(2)我正在上网搜索相关信息,这时我的手机突然响了。

IwassearchingtheInternetfortherelevantinformationwhenmycellphonerang.

⑶我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来,这时房子塌了。

Ihadjustescapedfromtheburninghousewhenitfelltotheground.

■巩固落实

提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇

I.一词多义练/熟词生义练—清除阅读障碍

1.strike

A.a打BM使突然想起C.儿罢工

Do.(灾难、疾病等)袭击E々.划(火柴)FM(钟)敲)

(l)WhenIenteredtheroom,theclockhadjuststruck10.F

(2)Asanoldsayinggoes,“Striketheironwhileit'shot."You'dbettergooverwhatyou

havelearnedassoonaspossible.A

(3)Thegirlstruckamatchandthewarmlightfilledtheroomimmediately.E

(4)Theyhavebeenonstrikeforseveraldaystogetahigherpay.C

(5)Abigearthquakestruckthearealastweek,whichthencausedaterribletsunami.D

(6)Itstrikesusthatwecanfollowthestreambacktothefarmhouse.B

2.deliver

A.递送B.生(小孩);接生C.发表(演说等)

(l)Theprincesshasbeendeliveredofahealthybabyboy.B

(2)rmhavingsomeflowersdeliveredforherbirthday.A

(3)1feelgreatlyhonouredtodeliveralectureongeneticengineeringhere.C

3.affect

A.影响B.感动C.(疾病)侵袭;使感染

(l)Deeplyaffectedbythefilm,wecouldn'tholdbacktears.B

(2)Honestlyspeaking,thecoming-of-ageceremonyaffectsmegreatly.(2020•天津,书面表达)

A

(3)Thefloodaffectedtheareagreatly,destroyinghousesandcausingmanydeaths.C

4.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思

(l)Shewasrushedtothehospitalaftersufferingfromshock.休克

(2)Whenwevisitedtheoldfamilyhome,pastsweetmemoriescamefloodingback.大量涌入

II.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识

1.Hemadeagreatefforttosavethegirltrapped(trap)intheburninghouse.

2.Workingouteitherindoorsoroutdoorsregularlywillaffectfeffect)yourfitnesspositively.

3.Thenewsthattheathletefailedinthemarathonduetoaseriousinjurymadeusshocked(shock).

4.Buned(bury)inreadingthelegendofamasterinbasketball,hedidn'tmakeittoschoolon

time.

5.Howcanyousurviveonsuchapoordiet?Keepingslimdoesn'tmakesenseifyou'renot

healthy.

6.Comparedwiththosewhoareengagedinmanuallabor,teachersexperiencemoremental

sufferings(suffer).

7.ItstruckmethatIwascheatingmyselfbypretendingtounderstandwhatIdidn't.

8.Thestadiumandthegymlayinruinsafterthebigfirecausedbycarelesssmoking.

9.Theschoolboyscompetefiercelyinthesoccermatchasiftheywerecompeting(compete)ina

nationalchampionship.

10.Towinanhonourforhiscountry,hedidn'tgiveupevenifhegotinjuredintherace,

setting(set)agoodexampletoothers.

L写作能力提升

i.单句写作—应用文增分练

(2021・全国乙)——在线学习

1.我觉得在线学习对我们学生有重大影响。(Itstrikessb.that;effect)

Itstrikesmethatonlinelearninghasagreateffectonusstudents.

2.许多学生专心学习有益的在线课程,这既扩大了他们的视野也提高了他们的学习兴趣。(be

buriedin;现在分词短语作结果状语)

Manystudentsareburiedinlearningbeneficialonlinecourses,broadeningtheirhorizonsand

enhancingtheirlearninginterest.

3.然而,使我们震惊的是许多学生沉溺于在线游戏。(shock)

However,whatshocksus/whatmakesusshockedisthatmanystudentsareaddictedtoonline

games.

4.这从长远看一定会毁掉他们的健康和希望。(ruin)

Itwilldefinitelyruintheirhealthandhopei

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