巧用状语从句 高中英语写作从零开始

高中英语写作

从零开始专题06巧用状语从句核心概念：什么是状语从句？核心概念：

一个句子在另一个句子中充当状语成分，这个句子就是状语从句。它通常由一个从属连词（如when,because,if等）引导。-简单句：Ifinishedmyhomework.（我完成了作业。）-简单句：Iwenttobed.（我去睡觉了。）-含状语从句的复合句：WhenIfinishedmyhomework,Iwenttobed.（“WhenIfinishedmyhomework”整个句子作为时间状语，修饰主句“Iwenttobed”）何为状语从句？状语时地原目结程条方伴比让从句充当状语用一个从句（引导词+句子）去修饰动词。Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmymomcameback.主句的动词状语从句的定义我在妈妈出去的时候吃榴莲。主语时间状语从句时间状语谓语主语whenmymotherwasout.句子Iatedurianyesterday.我昨天吃榴莲。Iate谓语宾语宾语durian时间状语状语从句的定义我在(我)买榴莲的地方吃榴莲。主语地点状语从句地点状语谓语主语whereIboughtit.句子Iatedurianathome.我在家里吃榴莲。Iate谓语宾语宾语durian地点状语状语从句Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmymomcameback.完整的句子完整的句子联系逻辑并列句（4）状语从句（9）and、but、or、sowhen、where、because、if、sothat(目的)、so....that(结果)、although、than、asIhavefinishedmyhomeworksomymotherallowedmetoplayoutside.状语从句常见从属连词

类型常见从属连词时间状语从句when(当)，while(在……期间)，as(随着，一边……一边……)，before在..之前，after在..之后，since自从，until/till直到..为止，not...until直到..才，assoonas，immediately，directly，instantly，nosooner....than，theminute/moment/instant，hardly/scarely/barely...when一...就every/eachtime每次,next/lasttime下次，上次,thefirsttime第一次,bythetime到...时候，theday/year/morning这一天/年/早上...原因状语从句

because(因为)，as(由于)，since(既然)，nowthat既然，由于，inthat因为，given/consideringthat鉴于,考虑到状语从句常见从属连词

条件状语从句

if如果，unless除非，once一旦，as/solongas只要，provided只要，onlyif只要，onconditionthat条件是，incase万一目的状语从句sothat，inorderthat为了，incase以防，forfearthat以防，lest以免结果状语从句sothat(这样，结果)，so/such...that如此...以至于地点状语从句where(在……地方)，在哪里，anywhere在任何地方，everywhere到处....状语从句常见从属连词

比较状语从句(as...)as和...一样，(notas/so...)as不如，比较级+

than比

方式状语从句as(按照，像……那样)，asif或asthough(好像)让步状语从句（疑问词

+

ever可引导让步状语从句，还可引导名词性从句）although（不倒装），though（倒不倒都可以），as（需要倒装），while(虽然，句首)，

whenever(=nomatterwhen无论何时)，wherever(=nomatterwhere无论哪里)，whatever(=nomatterwhat无论什么)，however(=nomatterhow无论如何)，whether...or...(无论……还是……)evenif/though(即使)1.时间状语从句-功能：

说明主句动作发生的时间。-常用连接词：when,while,as,before,after,since,until,assoonas-例句：·Whentheteachercamein,allthestudentsstoodup.（当老师进来时，所有学生都站了起来。）·IhavebeenlearningEnglishsinceIwastenyearsold.（我从十岁起就开始学英语。）·PleasewaithereuntilIcomeback.（请在这里等到我回来。）whenwhileasbeforeaftertill/untilsinceassoonas普通连词特殊连词themomenttheminutethesecondtheinstantevery/eachtimenexttimeanytimebythetimethefirsttimeimmediatelydirectlyinstantly时间状语从句连接词：时间状语从句till,until,not...until做不做不做做Shelivedwithherparents

shewas18.Shedidn’tlivewithherparents

shewas18.till/untiluntil

shewas18

withherparents.(倒装形式)（till/until）(not...until)她和父母一起生活到十八岁。她直到十八岁才和父母生活在一起Notuntildidshelive“直到......为止”强调的是动作或状态的持续，直到某个时间点结束强调的是动作会在某个时间点开始“直到......才”注意：当Notuntil置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装before、after、since①______theygottothebusstop,thebushadgone.②Wehaven'tseeneachother______weparted.③Iwillgotoplaybasketball______Ifinishmyhomework.(1)before“________”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前;(2)after“________”表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后;(3)since“______”主句常用________时,

从句常用_________时。Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句表示“______________________________”

自从.......以来，已经有多久时间了在...之前在...之后自从...现在完成一般过去Beforesinceafter“一...就...”的表达方式①IwillcallyouassoonasIarrive.②TheminuteIsawher,Ifellinlove.③Hestartedtoworkimmediatelyhegottotheoffice.⑥HardlyhadIsteppedintothehousewhenthephonerang.⑤NosoonerhadIreachedthestationthanthetrainleft.④IwillcallyoudirectlyIarriveatthedestination.hardly/scarcely...when...;nosooner...than...一...就...*固定搭配的词要牢记*时态要注意*倒装要能认出来原句：Ihadhardlysteppedintothehousewhenthephonerang.主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时否定词置于句首用部分倒装，只倒装主句。倒装：HardlyhadIsteppedintothehousewhenthephonerang.原句：I

had

nosoonerreachedthestationthanthetrainleft.倒装：NosoonerhadIreachedthestationthanthetrainleft.Nosooner+had+sb.+done.......+than+sb.+didHardly/Scarcely+had+sb.+done.........+when+sb.+did名词短语连接的时间状语从句2.eachtime(每当);everytime(每次)等名词性短语（time还可与first,second,third,last等序数词连用）；Theminuteyoudothis,youwilllosecontrol.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyourcomposition.Ilostinmemorythedayyouwentaway.1.the+表示瞬间的名词，如:themoment,theinstant,theminute,thesecond等；3.themorning(afternoon,evening,night,day,month,year,spring,summer,autumn,winter)等表示早晚年月季节的名词短语。2.原因状语从句-功能：说明主句动作发生的原因。-常用连接词：because,since,as,nowthat-例句：·Ididn'tgototheparkbecauseitwasrainingheavily.（我没去公园，因为雨下得很大。）·Sinceeveryoneishere,let'sstartthemeeting.（既然大家都在，我们开始开会吧。）【写作点睛】because语气最强，常用于回答“why”的提问。原因状语从句(1)Ididn'tgooutbecauseitwasraining.(2)Ashewastired,hetookarest.(3)Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.(4)Sheisagreatteacherinthatsheisverypatient.(5)Sinceyouhavedecidedtogo,Iwillsupportyou.(6)Nowthatyouarehere,let'sstartthework.引导词becauseasforinthatsincenowthat

because

直接原因,语气最强as

不谈自明的原因,语气弱,译为“由于”for

连接两个并列句,表示推理或解释,进行附加说明inthat=because

译为“因为”since

对方已知的既成事实，译为“既然”nowthat=since“既然”3.条件状语从句-功能：

说明主句动作发生的条件。“如果……，那么……”。-常用连接词：if,unless(=ifnot),aslongas-例句：·Ifyoudon'tworkhard,youwillfailtheexam.·Youwillnotsucceedunlessyoukeeptrying.【黄金法则】在条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来意义。正：Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.误：Ifitwillraintomorrow,wewillstayathome.条件状语从句引导词if(如果)

/

unless(除非)

unless=ifnotonlyif(只要........)

/

ifonly(要是.......就好了)provided

(that)

(假如);

incase(如果)as/solongas(只要);

onconditionthat(如果)①Ifyouboilwater,itbecomessteam.②Ifyoueattoomuch,youwillputonweight.③You'llnotknowChinaunlessyougoclosertoit.(1)if/unless=ifnotif(假如，如果），注意“主将从现”原则unless(除非；如果不...)(2)ifonly

/onlyif条件状语从句(1)IfonlyIhadstudiedharder,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam.(2)Ifonlyshewouldtryagain.(3)IfonlyIwasn’tgoingtoLondon.(4)Ifonlyyouhadcometomybirthdayparty.①

ifonly

(要是......就好了),

谓语动词用虚拟语气。(1)Iwillcomehomeonlyifyoucomewithme.(2)Youwillpasstheexamonlyifyoustudyhard.→Onlyifyoustudyhard________________________will

youpasstheexam.②onlyif(只要/有.......)

状语从句置于句首主句用部分倒装。*only+状语放句首，句子用部分倒装。(3)provided

(that)

incase

as/solongasonconditionthat条件状语从句①IwillgowithyouprovidedthatIhaveenoughtime.②

Incasehecomes,letmeknow.③Youcanstayhereaslongasyoukeepquiet.④Iwillhelpyouonconditionthatyoupromisetoworkhard.假如，在.......条件下如果，万一只要如果，条件是......4.目的状语从句-功能：

说明主句动作的目的。“为了……”。-常用连接词：sothat,inorderthat-例句：·Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.（他早起是为了能赶上头班车。）·Wespeakloudlyinorderthateveryonecanhearusclearly.（我们大声说话是为了让每个人都听清楚。）目的状语从句(1)Hegetsupearlyeverydayinorderthathecancatchthefirstbus.

(2)IstudyhardsothatIcanpasstheexam.(3)Shetiptoedlestshe(should)

wakeupthebaby.(4)Helockedthedoorforfearthatsomeone(should)breakin.(5)Takeanumbrellaincaseit(should)rain.

引导词inorderthat以便，为了；sothat以便，为了；lest/forfearthat/incase以免，以防

(一般用在虚拟语气中)；虚拟语气表示事情并没有真的发生；should一般没有实际意义,可省略。inorderthat…“为了”；

用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。sothata.较常用，一般于主句后,so有时可省;表示“以便...”

从句中通常要有情态动词,以表示一种可能性或主观愿望：b.

无情态动词则引导结果状语从句。forfearthat/incase/lest(以免)等。e.g.Weallgetupearlyinorderthatwecanstartatseven.e.g.IstudiedItaliansothatIwouldbeabletoreadDanteintheoriginal.e.g.Shelockedallthewindowsforfearthat/incase/lestsomeonemightbreakin.【注意】以下为目的状语

(1)so+形容词/副词+astodosth“为了”

(2)inordertodosth“为了”；“目的是”

(3)incaseof+名词/doingsth“以防；以免”5.结果状语从句-功能：

说明主句动作导致的结果。“如此……以至于……”。-常用连接词：so...that...,such...that...-例句：·TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit.（这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。）·ItwassuchaboringspeechthatIfellasleep.（这个演讲如此无聊，以至于我睡着了。）【辨析】so+形容词/副词+that...；such+(a/an)+形容词+名词+that...结果状语从句引导词so/such...that...如此...以至于...sothat结果是such/so....that...引导结果状语从句，可翻译为“如此......以至于......”such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组:

结构1..

Heissuchacleverboythateverybodylikeshim.such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句结构2..

TheyaresuchinterestingnovelsthatIwanttoreadthemonceagain.such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that从句结构3..

Hehasmadesuchgreatprogressthattheteachersarepleasedwithhim.such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that从句结构3..

结构4..

结构2..

such/so....that...引导结果状语从句，可翻译为“如此......以至于......”so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词：

结构1.

可以和such+a/a+形容词+单数名词+that从句互换

so+many/few+名词复数+that从句so+形容词/副词+that从句so+little/much+不可数名词+that从句Heissuchacleverboythateverybodylikeshim.so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句Hehadsomanyfriendsthatheneverfeltlonely.Hehassolittlemoneythathecan’tbuyanewcar.=

.Heissocleveraboythateverybodylikeshim.TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.结果状语从句so...that.../such...that...1)

Heis_____acleverboy

thatallofuslikehim.2)

Theyare_____niceapples

thatwewouldliketoeatthem.3)

Thefilmis_____

interesting

thatIwanttoseeitagain.4)

Heran_____

fast

thathesooncaughtupwiththeothers.5)

Thereis_____

littletimeleftthatwehavetospeedup.6)

Therewere

_____

fewstudentsregisteredthattheclasswascanceled.suchsuchsosososo口诀名前such，形、副so，that从句跟在后，多多少少必用so，特别注意是little，“小”用such，“少”用so。6.让步状语从句-功能：

表示“虽然、尽管”，语气发生转折。-常用连接词：although,though,eventhough,evenif·Althoughitwaslate,hewasstillworking.·EvenifIfailagain,Iwillnotgiveup.【重要提醒】在英语中，although和but不能在同一句话中连用。二者选其一。正：Althoughheistired,heisstillstudying.误：Althoughheistired,butheisstillstudying.让步状语从句引导词although/though;evenif/eventhough虽然、即使、尽管while虽然，尽管whether...or(not)...不管...还是...as虽然，尽管nomatterwh-

=

wh-ever“无论...”①尽管在下雨，我们还是去散步了。②虽然他年轻，他很有才华。③Although

/

Thoughitisraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.Althoughitwasraining,westillwentforawalk.Thoughheisyoung,heisverytalented.1.although/though(不与but连用，可与yet,still连用)让步状语从句①Eventhoughshewastired,shecontinuedtowork.②EvenifIambusy,Iwillattendthemeeting.2.evenif/eventhough+从句，直接使用，可互换。

③WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican'tagreewithyou3.while引导让步状语从句时，常位于句首，突出主句和从句的对比。④Whetherheishappyornot,henevershowsit.⑤Whetheritissunnyorrainy,Iwillgooutforarun.4.whether...or

(not)不管......还是.......让步状语从句①Workasshedoes,shecan'tfinishthetaskintime.②Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.倒装：___________________________________________________③Althoughtheexamisdifficult,Itrymybest.倒装：___________________________________________________④Thoughsherunsfast,shecan'tcatchupwithhim.倒装：___________________________________________________5.as引导让步状语从句时从句语序要部分倒装结构:

n.(无冠词)/adj./adv./v.+as+主语+谓语+其他.......Childasheis,heknowsalot.Difficultastheexamis,Itrymybest.Fastassheruns,shecan'tcatchupwithhim.注意：as引导让步状语从句必须倒装，though可以倒装，although一定不能到装。让步状语从句①Whatever

/

Nomatterwhatyoudo,Isupportyou.②Whenever

/

NomatterwhenIthinkofyou,Ifeelhappy.③Wherever

/

Nomatterwhereyougo,Iwillfollow.④Whoeverleavetheroomoughttoturnoffthelight.⑤Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.whatever/whenever/wherever/whoever/whichever/however无论什么/无论何时/无论那里/无论谁/无论哪一个/无论怎样6.nomatterwh--=

wh--ever“无论.......”注意：wh--ever类型的词也可引导名词性从句，但是不能与nomatterwh--互换；只有状语从句可以互换。7.地点状语从句-功能：

说明主句动作发生的地点。-常用连接词：where,wherever-例句：·Weshouldgowhereweareneededmost.（我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。）·Whereveryougo,Iwillfollowyou.（无论你去哪里，我都会跟着你。）地点状语从句①Iwillgowhereyougo.

②Youcanfindhelpwhereveryoulookforit.③Youcangoanywhereyoulike.④Everywherehegoes,peoplerespecthim.引导词where在.......地方；anywhere在每个（任何）地方；wherever在任何地方；everywhere在每个地方；8.方式状语从句-功能：

描述主句动作发生的方式。-常用连接词：as,asif,asthough-例句：·Youshoulddoastheteachertoldyou.（你应该按照老师告诉你的那样做。）·Hetalksasifhekneweverything.（他说话的样子好像他什么都知道。）方式状语从句(1)

DoinRomeas

theRomansdo.(2)

Shestoodatthedoorasif(=asthough)

shewerewaitingfor

someone.(3)Mostplantsneedsunlightjustastheyneedwater.(1)as

按照，像(2)asif

/

though好像(3)just

as正如...9.比较状语从句-功能：

将主句动作与从句动作进行比较。-常用连接词：than,as...as...,notas/so...as...-例句：·Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatone(is).（这本书比那本有趣。）·HerunsasfastasI(do).（他跑得和我一样快。）比较状语从句①Myfatherrunsasfast_____Ido.②Sheisnotsoweak_____

shelooks.③Heworksthesame_____

heusedto.④Theyouthoftodayarebetteroff_____weusedtobe.⑤Themorecarefulyouare,the_____(few)mistakesyouwillmake.asasasthanfewer(1)as...as...和...一样

(2)notso(as)...as...和...不一样(3)thesameas...和...一样(4)比较级+than比...更...(5)the+比较级,the+比较级

越...越...引导词同级比较as......as......;notas/so.....as;thesameas.....非同级比较比较级+than固定句型themore........themore.........1.while①时间状语从句：接延续性动词②让步状语从句：位于句首③并列句：表转折2.since①时间状语从句：自从②原因状语从句：既然3.as①时间状语从句：随着②让步状语从句：尽管(倒装)③原因状语从句：因为④比较状语从句：as...as...⑤方式状语从句：按照状语从句易混点辨析写作：

任意一个句子都可以增加状语。比如：我正在看书。Iamreadingthebook.方法一：【加个副词（短语）】Iamreadingthebookdiligently.方法二：【加个时间】Iamreadingthebookatthemoment.方法三：【加个地点】Iamreadingthebookontheplayground.方法四：【加个原因】Iamreadingthebookbecauseitissointerestingandattractive.方法五：【加个让步状语】AlthoughIdon’twanttostudy,Iamreadingthebook.方法六：【加个结果状语】IamreadingthebooksocrazilythatIforgettosleepatnight.方法七：【加个目的状语】Iamreadingthebook

inorderthatIcanimprovemygrammarasquicklyaspossible.方法八：【加个比较状语】Asdiligentlyasabee,Iamreadingthebook.状语和状语从句的应用技巧一：变换句首，丰富句式不要总是把“主句”放在前面。尝试将状语从句置于句首，可以使句式多变，增强可读性。·平淡：IrealizedtheimportanceofhealthafterIgotsick.·出彩：AfterIgotsick,Irealizedtheimportanceofhealth.（在我生病之后，我才意识到健康的重要性。）·平淡：Wemustprotecttheenvironmentbecauseitiscrucialforourfuture.·出彩：Becauseitiscrucialforourfuture,wemustprotecttheenvironment.（因为环境对我们的未来至关重要，我们必须保护它。）技巧二：精确表达逻辑关系使用恰当的连接词，让你的逻辑链条清晰明了。·逻辑混乱的短句：Iwantedtobuythebook.Ididn'thaveenoughmoney.Ifeltsad.·使用状语从句优化：AlthoughIwantedtobuythebook,Icouldn'tbecauseIdidn'thaveenoughmoney,soIfeltsad.

（尽管我想买那本书，但我买不了，因为钱不够，所以我很伤心。）

一句话清晰展现了“愿望-转折-原因-结果”的完整逻辑链。技巧三：使用高级连接词在熟练掌握基本连接词后，尝试使用一些更高级的词汇，提升文采。·用providedthat或onconditionthat替代if，表示“在……条件下”。·用nowthat替代because，表示“既然，由于”。·用whereas或while表示对比，比but更正式。长句翻译1.当我正在公园里散步时，突然听到了一阵呼救声。（when）2.自从我们上次见面以来，已经过去三年了。（since）3.我一收到他的邮件就会回复你。（assoonas）4.由于他努力学习，所以在考试中取得了优异的成绩。（because）5.既然你已经知道了真相，我就不再隐瞒了。（nowthat）6.他之所以缺席会议，是因为他感冒了。（for）7.如果明天不下雨，我们就去海滩。（if）8.除非你付出更多努力，否则你很难实现目标。（unless）9.只要我们团结一心，就能克服任何困难。（aslongas）10.尽管他年纪小，但他懂得很多道理。（though）长句翻译1.译文：WhenIwaswalkinginthepark,Isuddenlyheardacryforhelp.优化思路：用when引导延续性动作（waswalking）与短暂性动作（heard）的对比，符合“过去进行时+一般过去时”的常用结构。2.译文：Ithasbeenthreeyearssincewemetlasttime.优化思路：since后接一般过去时（met），主句用现在完成时，是“从过去到现在”的时间表达固定句型。3.译文：IwillreplytoyouassoonasIreceivehisemail.优化思路：assoonas引导条件性时间从句，遵循“主将从现”，从句用一般现在时（receive）表将来。4.译文：Heachievedexcellentresultsintheexambecausehestudiedhard.优化思路：because侧重直接原因，位置可前可后，此处后置更符合英文表达习惯，避免头重脚轻。5.译文：Nowthatyouhaveknownthetruth,Iwon’thideitanymore.优化思路：nowthat表“既然”，强调已知的原因，比because更具逻辑递进感，适合衔接上下文。长句翻译6.译文：Hewasabsentfromthemeeting,forhehadacold.优化思路：for表补充说明的原因，不可置于句首，且需用逗号与主句隔开，语气比because委婉。7.译文：Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillgotothebeach.优化思路：if引导真实条件句，“主将从现”原则，从句否定式用doesn’train（而非willnotrain）。8.译文：Unlessyouputinmoreeffort,itwillbedifficultforyoutoachieveyourgoal.优化思路：unless=ifnot，比直接用ifnot更简洁，主句用“itwillbe+adj.+forsb.todo”结构，符合英语表达习惯。9.译文：Aslongasweuniteasone,wecanovercomeanydifficulty.优化思路：aslongas表“只要”，强调条件的充分性，比if更具强调意味，“uniteasone”（团结一心）是地道搭配。10.译文：Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalotoftruths.优化思路：though可置于句首或句中，此处句首更突出让步关系，避免“young”与“knowsalot”的逻辑冲突感。长