【1】高考阅读理解专题指导-词义猜测（公开课课件）

ReadingComprehension阅读理解

命题分析命题分析

广东高考的阅读理解题呈现出以下特点：

(1)体裁多样，选材新颖，话题广泛。体裁的多样化是最显著的特点，涉及记叙文、说明文、和议论文。

(2)语言地道，题型合理。材料都是选取原汁原味的英语文章，所选的材料均来源于实际生活，涉及的内容也是实际生活内容，强调语篇选材的真实性。在题型设计上，包括词义猜测题、细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、和意图态度题等几大题型。123456主旨大意猜测词义意图态度篇章结构推理判断事实细节阅读理解阅读理解短文常见的题型:阅读技能训练HowtoGuesstheMeaningofWordsTheunderlinedword“__”inthepassagemeans__.Whatdoes“___”inthethirdparagraphstandfor?Theword/phrase“____”

mostnearlymeans____.Theword/phrase“__”

couldbestbereplacedby__.Theword/phrase“__”inLine…,Para…refersto__.Whichofthefollowing

isclosestinmeaningto

thephrase/word/sentence“____”?What’s

themeaningof

“____”inLine…,Para…?Theunderlinedsentenceinthefirst(second...)paragraphprobablymeansthat________.Questionform(常见提问方式）Theunderlinedword“__”inthepassagemeans__.Whatdoes“___”inthethirdparagraph

standfor?Ifyoucomeacrossthenewwordswhilereading,Whatwillyoudo?下面的单词你认识吗？猜猜看！

mismanagementladybirdbigpotato

detrimental【解词】mismanagement

=mis(否定前缀，表示坏地、错误地)

+manage(管理)

+ment(构成名词的后缀)

汉语意义为“管理不善”【呼应语】failedtogainprofits(没能盈利)hadbadoperation(运转不周)dealwithourcompanybetter(更好地管理公司)Doyoulikealadybird?Itisnotakindofbird.Itisaninsect.Itcanfly.itswingsarered.Itisverysmall.aladybird瓢虫abigpotatoTomisagreatman.Tomistreatedas

abigpotato.大人物

Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimental

topeople'shealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.有害的

also…RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear,equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.(2012肇庆一模）41.Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans“———”passingonB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～猜测词义技巧ExemplifyinginSkills构词法与语境法派生法(Derivation)合成法(Compounding)转化法(Conversion)利用释义词(句)、举例或同位语利用对比、类比或转折词利用因果关系利用上下文(结合生活常识、背景知识）构词法语境法ExemplifyinginSkills派生法(Derivation)派生法就是借助前缀或后缀派生出新词的构词方法。后缀往往起改变词性的作用，派生出的新词主要有_____、______和_____三种；前缀主要起改变______的作用，包括各种否定前缀、时间前缀等。名词形容词动词词义构词法【例1】通过分析派生词，猜测划线单词的意思。Napoleon,asacharacterinTolstoy’sWarandPeace,ismorethanoncedescribedashaving“fatlittlehands”.Nordoeshe“sitwellorfirmlyonthehorse”.Heissaidtobe“undersized”with“shortlegs”anda“roundstomach”.undersized=under(低于)+size(尺寸、大小)+d，通过构词法可知以ed结尾的派生词可作形容词(如three-legged三只脚的)，再结合后面的shortlegs(短腿)，可猜出undersized意为“身材矮小的”。ExemplifyinginSkills合成法(Compounding)合成法是指由两个或两个以上单词组合成一个新词。通常情况下，合成词的词义为组成词的词义之和。构词法【例2】通过分析合成词，猜测划线单词的意思。

Heneverworeready-madeclothes.ready-made由ready和made加连字符合成一个词，该词在clothes前，可知其词性为形容词，结合各个词的本意：ready“准备就绪的”，made“做好的”，可知句中的ready-made是“现成的、做好的”的意思。ExemplifyinginSkills转化法(Conversion)转化法是指单词的词形不改变，只通过词性的改变来使单词具有新的意义和作用。而这种单词叫转化词。构词法【例3】通过分析转换词，猜测划线单词的意思。

Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.say一般作动词，意为“说、表达”。观察句子，say前面带a，表示say在此转化为名词，意为“发言权、决定权”。ExemplifyinginSkills利用释义词(句)、举例或同位语,定语从句等表示释义或举例词语的信息词有_____________________________________________________________________________________等，符号则有e.g.(举例)、i.e.(也就是)。forexample,forinstance,suchas,inotherwords,thatistosay,namely,or,alsoknownas,toputitdifferently,referto语境法【例4】通过释义或举例词语，猜测划线单词的意思。Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today.利用生词后面的同位语anendangeredwildcat，可知ocelot是一种猫。技巧1技巧5ExemplifyinginSkills语境法利用对比、类比或转折词表示对比、类比或转折的常见信息词有______________________________________________________________________________________________________等，有时也用破折号或冒号等符号。but,yet,however,while,unlike,incontrast,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,despite,inspiteof,instead,ratherthan,though【例5】Theunderlinedword“descendants”meansaperson’s_____.A.latergenerationsB.friendsandrelativesC.colleaguesandpartnersD.latersponsors文段开头提到英文姓氏可能由父亲的名字加上s或son构成，于是可以推断John是Johnsons的父亲，即Johnsons是John的子女。因此A项latergenerations(后代)最为接近。技巧2技巧6

Exemplifying

inSkills语境法利用因果关系表示因果关系的信息词有_______________________________________________________________等。

because,as,

since,

for,thus,so,so\such…that,hence,therefore,asaresult【例6】Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolours____.A.attractedthecustomersstronglyB.hadweakeffectsonthecustomersC.trickedthecustomersintoshoppingD.causedthecustomerstoloseinterest划线部分的意思可以从because后面的原因推断出来。文段第一句的意思是：当最近一些止痛药出现在市面上时，研究人员发现它们的颜色让顾客丧失兴趣，因为这些颜色使产品看起来无效。第二句则指出使用蓝色和白色的原因。技巧2技巧7ExemplifyinginSkills语境法利用上下文猜测词义题在考查熟词新义以及代词指代内容时往往需要综合考虑上下文，有时也需要结合常识和背景知识。【例7】Theunderlinedphrase“turnhisbackon”mostprobablymeans_____.A.leaveforB.returntoC.giveupD.relyon文段一开始便提到作者认识的一个人放弃了一份体面的高薪工作，然后表示对他这种举动很惊讶：一个人怎么会放弃伦敦市中心，而甘愿去往一个小地方呢？因此，“turnhisbackon”实际上与上文的“gaveup”相呼应，所以答案选C。猜你没商量Areyouready?Go!!！能力提升实战演练根据因果关系猜测词义1.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossed

inherreading.全神贯注2.Ifyouagree,write“Yes”;ifyoudissent,write“No”.3.In

many

nations

there

are

two

financial

extremes,from

penury

to

great

wealth．不同意非常贫穷根据对比、类比或转折词（同义词、反义词）猜测词义BorninChicagoin1902，broughtupandschooledinNebraska，the19-year-oldcollegegraduateRalphTylerbecamehookedonteachingwhileteachingasascienceteacherinSouthDakotaandchangedhismajorfrommedicinetoeducation．

●Thewords“hookedonteaching”underlinedin

Paragraph2probablymean—————————一．

A.attractedtoteachingB．tiredofteaching

CsatisfiedwithteachingD.unhappyaboutteaching

根据上下文情景确定词义ShopkeepersinModbury，population1500，agreedtostophandingoutdisposableplasticbagstocustomersonSaturday．Theysaidpapersacksandclothcarrierbagswouldbeofferedinstead．

●Theunderlinedword“disposable’’inthepassageprobablymeans…

A.acceptableB．valuable

C.throw-awayD．long-lasting

～～～～～～～～～～

…Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.…Whatdoestheword“shoplifter”mean?

Athief B.AguideinashopC.theownerofashopD.Aporter(搬运工)

shop+liftershoplifterliftern.小偷

AtfirstKatethoughttheRomanian(罗马尼亚人）girlcouldnotspeakandunderstandEnglish.NadiawouldnotreplytoanythingKatesaid….KatecouldnotfigureoutwhytheschoolhadputNadiainaclasswhereshecouldnotunderstandwhatpeopleweresaying.Nadia’svoicewasawhisper（轻声）.“IunderstandEnglish.Iwilllearn.”Nadia’sEnglishwasperfect.Katewasperplexed.Shecouldn’tunderstandwhyNadiadidnotliketospeak.Theunderlinedword“perplexed”probablymeans_______.A．puzzled

B．angry

C．shocked

D．seriousThroughoutthehistoryofthearts，thenatureofcreativityhasremainedconstanttoartists．Nomatterwhatobjectstheyselect，artistsaretobringforthnewforcesandformsthatcausechange-tofindpoetrywherenoonehaseverseenorexperienceditbefore．

●Theunderlinedword“poetry’’mostprobablymeans…

A.anobjectforartisticcreationB.acollectionofpoemsC.anunusualqualityD.anaturalscene

～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～

Ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig“todo”overtheyoungeronebecausesheistheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt．Wedoitwiththebestofintentions．

●Theunderlinedexpressionmakeabig“todo”overmeans…

A.showmuchconcernaboutB.haveaspecialeffecton

C.listjobstobedoneforD．dogoodthingsfor

～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～BorninChicagoin1902，broughtupandschooledinNebraska，the19-year-oldcollegegraduateRalphTylerbecamehookedonteachingwhileteachingasascienceteacherinSouthDakotaandchangedhismajorfrommedicinetoeducation．

●Thewords“hookedonteaching”underlinedinParagraph2

probablymean——————．

A.attractedtoteaching

B．tiredofteaching

C．satisfiedwithteaching

D．unhappyaboutteaching～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～

Thereasonsforavisittoalighthousearenotallsobackward-lookingintime.Itistruethatlighthouseswerebuiltinout-of-the-wayplaces.Butonapleasantsunnysummerday,thisveryisolation(远离尘世)hasanaturalbeautythatmanypeoplewilllovetoexperience.Therefore,withthegentlewavestouchingallroundthelighthouse,thevisitorislikelytothinkitisaworldpreferabletothebusyandnoisymodemlife.

●Theunderlinedphrase“out-of-the-way”inParagraph4means…

A.far-awayB.dangerousC．ancientD．secret

★Westudiedtheboardcritically.Someofuslookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard,rockingthesheetstotherightorleftwhileweconjuredupourdesigns.Otherstwistedtheirhairaroundtheirfingersorchewedtheireraserswhiledeepinthought.（09广东卷）47.Theunderlinedphraseinparagraph3mostprobablymeans_____________.A.formedanideafor

B.madeanoutlineforC.madesomespaceforD.chosesomecolorsforYouhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation.However,youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation.Thisisthewinner’skeytosuccess.（10广东卷）47.TheunderlinedwordremedyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto

.A.avoidB.acceptC.improveD.consider【2011·福建卷】．..Togetridofalcoholfromthebodyisaveryslowprocessanditisnotpossibletospeeditupwithanymeasuresliketakingashowerorhavingacupofteaorcoffee....Theunderlinedword“it”inthesecondparagraphrefersto“________”．A．alcoholB．absorption

C．bloodD．processThescientistsuseddetailedgeneticanalysistoprovethattheAfricansavannaelephantandtheAfricanforestelephanthavebeendistinctspeciesfo