《储能技术概论双语课程》课件-化石能源制氢

化石能源制氢Hydrogenproductionfromfossilenergysources《储能技术概论》《EnergyStorageTechnology》主讲教师：Instructor:

化石能源制氢HydrogenproductionfromfossilenergysourcesCONTENTS煤气化制氢Hydrogenproductionfromcoalgas01PART天然气水蒸气制氢Hydrogenproductionfromnaturalgaswatervapor02PART目录重油制氢Hydrogenproductionfromheavyoil03PART煤气化制氢HydrogenproductionfromcoalgasPART01一、煤气化制氢Hydrogenproductionfromcoalgas（一）煤气化制氢Coalgasificationhydrogenproduction指利用煤作为原料，通过化学反应得到合成气和氢气的过程。该过程主要包括煤气化和气体变换两个核心环节。referstotheprocessofusingcoalasrawmaterialtoobtainsyngasandhydrogenthroughchemicalreaction.Thisprocessmainlyincludestwocorelinks:coalgasificationandgastransformation.煤气化Coalgasification煤在一定条件下（通常为高温和高压）与氧气或蒸汽进行反应，产生含有可燃气体的化学反应过程。C+O2→CO+CO2。Achemicalreactionprocessinwhichcoalreactswithoxygenorsteamundercertainconditions(usuallyhightemperatureandhighpressure)toproducecombustiblegas.C+O2→CO+CO2水蒸气转化反应Watervaporconversionreaction

水煤气变换反应Watergasconversionreaction

一、煤气化制氢Hydrogenproductionfromcoalgas（二）煤气化制氢技术的工艺过程Theprocessofcoalgasificationhydrogenproductiontechnology煤气化、煤气净化、CO变换以及H2提纯等主要生产环节。coalgasification,gaspurification,COconversionandH2purificationandothermainproductionlinks.01.煤气化Coalgasification经过预处理的煤送入气化炉中，在高温高压条件下与氧气或蒸汽进行反应，生成以H2和CO为主要成分的气态混合物，这就是合成气。ThepretreatedcoalissentintothegasifierandreactswithoxygenorsteamunderhightemperatureandhighpressuretoproduceagaseousmixturewithH2andCOasthemaincomponents,whichiscalledsyngas.02.煤气净化Gaspurification合成气中含有硫化物、尘埃等杂质，需要进行净化处理。通过脱硫、除尘等工艺，将合成气中的杂质去除，以保证后续反应的顺利进行和产品的纯度。Thesyngascontainsimpuritiessuchassulfideanddust,whichneedtobepurified.Throughdesulfurizationanddustremovalprocesses,theimpuritiesinthesyngasareremovedtoensurethesmoothprogressofsubsequentreactionsandproductpurity.一、煤气化制氢Hydrogenproductionfromcoalgas（二）煤气化制氢技术的工艺过程Theprocessofcoalgasificationhydrogenproductiontechnology03.CO变换COconversion净化后的合成气送入变换炉中，在催化剂的作用下，CO与水蒸气发生变换反应，生成CO2和H2。通过调整水煤比和反应温度，可以控制变换反应的进行程度，从而得到所需比例的H2和CO2。Thepurifiedsyngasissenttothereformingfurnace.Undertheactionofcatalyst,COreactswithwatervaportoproduceCO2andH2.Byadjustingthewater-coalratioandreactiontemperature,thedegreeofreformingreactioncanbecontrolledtoobtaintherequiredproportionofH2andCO2.04.H2提纯H2purification经过变换反应后的气体中仍含有一定量的CO2和其他杂质，需要进行提纯处理。通过压力变换、吸附分离等工艺，将H2从混合气体中分离出来，得到一定纯度的H2产品。Afterthetransformationreaction,acertainamountofCO2andotherimpuritiesarestillcontainedinthegas,whichneedtobepurified.Throughpressuretransformation,adsorptionseparationandotherprocesses,H2isseparatedfromthemixedgastoobtainH2productswithcertainpurity.天然气水蒸气制氢HydrogenproductionfromnaturalgaswatervaporPART02二、天然气水蒸气制氢Hydrogenproductionfromnaturalgaswatervapor（一）天然气制氢的原理Theprincipleofhydrogenproductionfromnaturalgas基于甲烷蒸汽重整反应，CH4+H2O(g)→H2+CO2，具体的化学反应可以分为两个阶段：isbasedonthesteamreformingreactionofmethane,CH4+H2O(g)→H2+CO2,Thespecificchemicalreactioncanbedividedintotwostages:01.甲烷与水蒸气的初步反应TheinitialreactionbetweenmethaneandwatervaporCH4+H2O(g)→CO+H2(800~900℃，NiO作催化剂）CH4+H2O(g)→CO+H2(800-900℃,NiOcatalyst)02.一氧化碳的进一步变换FurthertransformationofcarbonmonoxideCO+H2O(g)→H2+CO2（300~400℃，Fe2O3作催化剂）CO+H2O(g)→H2+CO2(300~400℃,Fe2O3ascatalyst)二、天然气水蒸气制氢Hydrogenproductionfromnaturalgaswatervapor（一）天然气制氢的原理Theprincipleofhydrogenproductionfromnaturalgas基于甲烷蒸汽重整反应，CH4+H2O(g)→H2+CO2，具体的化学反应可以分为两个阶段：isbasedonthesteamreformingreactionofmethane,CH4+H2O(g)→H2+CO2,Thespecificchemicalreactioncanbedividedintotwostages:二、天然气水蒸气制氢Hydrogenproductionfromnaturalgaswatervapor（二）天然气制氢的工艺流程Theprocessofhydrogenproductionfromnaturalgas原料准备、重整反应、气体分离和氢气纯化。israwmaterialpreparation,reformingreaction,gasseparationandhydrogenpurification.01.原料准备Rawmaterialpreparation天然气含有90%以上的甲烷。在工业生产中，天然气需要经过脱硫、脱水等预处理工艺，以去除其中的硫化氢、二氧化碳等杂质。Naturalgascontainsmorethan90%methane.Inindustrialproduction,naturalgasneedstogothroughpretreatmentprocessessuchasdesulfurizationanddehydrationtoremoveimpuritiessuchashydrogensulfideandcarbondioxide.02.重整反应Reformingreaction经过预处理的天然气进入重整反应器，与水蒸气在催化剂的作用下进行重整反应,生成一氧化碳、氢气和少量的二氧化碳。Thepretreatednaturalgasentersthereformingreactorandcarriesoutthereformingreactionwithwatervaporundertheactionofcatalyst,resultingincarbonmonoxide,hydrogenandasmallamountofcarbondioxide.二、天然气水蒸气制氢Hydrogenproductionfromnaturalgaswatervapor（二）天然气制氢的工艺流程Theprocessofhydrogenproductionfromnaturalgas03.气体分离Gasseparation重整反应后的气体混合物中含有大量的CO、CO2和H2，需要进行气体分离以获取高纯度的氢气，气体分离通常采用吸附分离或膜分离技术。ThegasmixtureafterreformingreactioncontainsalargeamountofCO,CO2andH2,whichneedstobeseparatedtoobtainhighpurityhydrogen.Gasseparationisusuallycarriedoutbyadsorptionseparationormembraneseparationtechnology.04.氢气纯化Hydrogenpurification经过气体分离后的氢气仍含有微量的杂质，需要进一步纯化。常见的氢气纯化方法包括变压吸附（PSA）、膜分离、液体吸附等技术，提高氢气的纯度至99%以上。Thehydrogenaftergasseparationstillcontainstraceimpurities,whichneedtobefurtherpurified.Commonhydrogenpurificationmethodsincludepressureswingadsorption(PSA),membraneseparation,liquidadsorptionandothertechnologiestoimprovethepurityofhydrogentomorethan99%.重油制氢HydrogenproductionfromheavyoilPART03三、重油制氢Hydrogenproductionfromheavyoil重油制氢HeavyOilHydrogenProduction利用重油中的碳氢化合物与水蒸气和氧气在高温、高压条件下发生化学反应，生成含氢的气体产物。这些气体产物中主要包含H2、CO和CO2等成分。其中，氢气是通过水蒸气与重油中的碳反应生成的，这一反应过程称为水蒸气重整反应。同时，部分重油燃烧提供转化吸热反应所需热量及一定的反应温度。Thisprocessutilizeshydrocarbonsinheavyoiltoreactwithsteamandoxygenunderhigh-temperature,high-pressureconditions,generatinghydrogen-containinggasproducts.ThemaincomponentsofthesegasesincludeH₂,CO,andCO₂.Hydrogenisproducedthroughthereactionbetweensteamandcarboninheavyoil,aprocessknownassteamreforming.Additionally,partialcombustionofheavyoilprovidestheheatrequiredfortheendothermicconversionreactionandmaintainsnecessaryreactiontemperatures.三、重油制氢Hydrogenproductionfromheavyoil具体来说，重油制氢过程中的主要化学反应包括：Specifically,themainchemicalreactionsintheprocessofhydrogenproductionfromheavyoilinclude:水蒸气重整反应Watervaporreformingreaction

部分氧化反应Partialoxidationreaction

一氧化碳变换反应Carbonmonoxideshiftreaction

三、重油制氢Hydrogenproductionfromheavyoil重油制氢的工艺流程Hydrogenproductionprocessfromheavyoil01.原料准备Rawmaterialpreparation选择合适的重油作为原料，确保其质量符合制氢工艺的要求。Selectappropriateheavyoilasrawmaterialtoensurethatitsqualitymeetstherequirementsofhydrogenproductionprocess.02.制氧Oxygenproduction通过空气分离等方法制取高纯度的氧气。highpurityoxygenisproducedbyairseparationandothermethods.03.油气化生成合成气Gasificationofoilandgastoproducesyngas将重油、水蒸气和氧气送入气化炉中，在高温、高压条件下发生部分氧化和水蒸气重整反应，生成富含H2和CO的合成气。Heavyoil,steamandoxygenaresentintothegasifier,andpartialoxidationandsteamreformingreactionsoccurunderhightemperatureandhighpressureconditionstoproducesyngasrichinH2andCO.三、重油制氢Hydrogenproductionfromheavyoil重油制氢的工艺流程Hydrogenproductionprocessfromheavyoil04.CO变换COconversion将合成气中的CO与水蒸气进一步反应，生成CO2和H2。TheCOinsyngasisfurtherreactedwithwatervaportoproduceCO2andH2.05.气体净化Gaspurification合成气中除了H2和CO2外，还可能含有硫化物、氮化物等杂质。InadditiontoH2andCO2,syngasmayalsocontainimpuritiessuchassulfideandnitrogen.06.氢气提纯Hydrogenpurification经过净化后的合成气中仍含有一定比例的CO2和其他杂质，需要通过变压吸附等技术进行氢气提纯。ThepurifiedsyngasstillcontainsacertainproportionofCO2andotherimpurities,whichneedtobepurifiedbypressureswingadsorptionandothertechnologies.07.副产品处理By-producttreatment在重油制氢过程中，还会产生一些副产品如