专题08 定语从句（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义江苏专用）（原卷版及全解全析）

专题08定语从句目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练考点一关系代词引导定语从句关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(=ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)as人或物主语、宾语、表语1.who，whom和whose引导的定语从句。(1)who和whom都指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。(2)whose指人的或物的，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用ofwhich代替，指人时可用ofwhom代替。Anymanwhohasasenseofdutywillbeconcernedaboutthisitem.任何有责任感的人都会关注这个项目。Therescueworker(whom/that/who)youarewaitingforhascome.你正在等的救援人员已经来了。Ifrequentlyvisitascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.我经常拜访一位全国知名的科学家。2.that和which引导的定语从句that代替的先行词可以是人也可以是物，但是which代替的先行词只能是物。使用这两个关系词要注意以下两点：(1)5种只用that引导定语从句的情况。①先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，theone等不定代词时被all，any，few，every，no，little，much，some等修饰时。。②先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。③先行词被theonly，thevery(正是，恰是),thelast修饰时。④先行词既有人又有物时。⑤当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Allthatyoumustkeepinmindisthatyoumustbeburiedinyourresearch.你必须记住的所有的事情是你必须专心于你的研究。Hewasthefirstsurvivorthatwasdugoutfromtheruins.他是从废墟中被挖出的第一个幸存者。Theonlythingthatwecandoisgiveintoourparents’ideas.我们唯一能做的事情就是听从我们父母的意见。IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚地记得我在那个房间见到的人和一些照片。(2)4种只用which引导定语从句的情况。①引导非限制性定语从句时。②先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。③先行词本身是that时。④关系代词后有插入语时。3.as引导的定语从句as引导限制性定语从句主要用于thesame...as...，such...as...和so...as...结构中。as既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。Wehavefoundthesamematerialsasareusedintheirfactory.我们已经找到了和他们工厂里使用的一样的材料。4.引导非限制性定语从句时as/which的区别关系词位置不同表意不同as既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多用see，know，expect，say，mention，report等Asanybodycansee，theelephantislikeasnake.正如每个人所看到的一样，这头大象像一条蛇。Thenumberofsmokers，asisreported，hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.正如报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。which通常放在主句之后意为“这一点”或“这件事”等Shemarriedagain，whichwasunexpected.她再婚了，这是始料未及的。5.定语从句中的主谓一致(1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。Therecorderthathasbeengiventomeishomemade.给我的那台录音机是国产的。(2)“oneof＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the、theonly、thevery等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。Heisoneofthestudentswhohavemadegreatprogress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasmadegreatprogress.他是这些学生中唯一一个取得很大进步的学生。考点二关系副词引导定语从句1.关系副词指代的先行词及其作用。先行词关系副词在从句中的作用与“介词＋关系代词”的关系表示时间的名词：time，day，year等when作时间状语＝at/in/on/duringwhich表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等where作地点状语＝in/at/to/onwhich表示原因的名词：reasonwhy作原因状语＝forwhichButlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.但就像所有的表演一样,总有出错的时候。Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes’walkfromhomewhereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.从家里步行不到10分钟的地方有两个公园,附近的孩子们聚集在那里玩耍。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。2.有时先行词是表示抽象地点的名词，像activity，business，career，case，job，point，position，race，stage，situation等，当从句中缺少状语时，用关系副词where。Self-drivingisanareawhereChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.自动驾驶是中国和世界上其他国家都处于相同起跑线的一个领域。3.先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。Icanrememberveryfewoccasionswhenhehadtocancelameetingbecauseofillhealth.我记得他很少有因为健康不佳而不得不取消会议的情况。Takingherwithmeonofficialoccasionswheremanyimportantfiguresarepresenthasbeenachallenge.在很多大人物到场的正式场合带上她对我而言是一种挑战。4.当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，关系词可用that，inwhich或省略关系词。It’snotwhatyousay；it’stheway(that/inwhich)yousayit.问题不在于你说什么，而在于你怎么说。5.关系副词与关系代词的选择。选用关系代词与关系副词时，首先应明确关系副词不可作主语或宾语。若定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则定语从句需用关系代词引导；从句的谓语是及物动词，而其后无宾语，就必须用关系代词替代先行词充当其宾语；若为不及物动词，则从句中不需要宾语，需要用关系副词。如：考点三介词+关系词引导的定语从句1.若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。Heisthepersononwhomyoucandepend.他是你可以信赖的人。Hewasthemanfromwhoseroomthethiefhadstolenhisbag.他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore，threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.上周日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：即：一先二动三意义(1)依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.我永远不会忘记在乡下度过的童年时光。(2)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定Iboughtagreatmanybooks,onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIhadsaved.我买了很多书，花光了所有的积蓄。(3)根据所表达的意思来确定Thecolourlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.没有它我们就不能生存的无色气体叫氧气。3.whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可以换为“the＋名词＋ofwhich”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋ofwhom”。Thenewlybuiltcafé,thewallsofwhich(＝whosewalls)arepaintedlightgreen，isreallyapeacefulplaceforus，especiallyafterhardwork.这家新建成的咖啡馆，它的墙壁被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句1.(2025年四川省高等职业教育单独考试招生文化素质考试)AIapplicationisoneofthehottesttopics________peopletalkaboutnowadays.A.who B.that C.what D.which2.(2024-2025学年天津市河东区普通高中学业水平模拟考试)Ourclasshassixtystudents,mostof________studyhard.A.them B.whom C.that D.who3.(2025-2026学年四川省大邑县职业高级中学高三上学期职普第一学月英语试卷)Thisisthebestbook________Ihaveeverread.A.which B.that C.what D.who1.ThefunniestthingaboutCharlieChaplinwastheway________hewalkedwhenhewasactingastheTramp.A.which B.how C.what D.that2.Theoldestmuseum________wasbuiltoveracenturyagoisbeingrepairedthisyear.A.who B.that C.which D.where3.Thefather________tellsstoriesbeforebedtimehascreatedmanysweetmemoriesforhischildren.A.what B.which C.whom D.who4.Shehaddifficulty________theexercise________wehadthoughtwaseasytodo.A.tofinish;but B.finishing;andC.finishing;which D.finished;that5.Ishallneverforgetthedays________IspentinBeijingUniversity,________hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;which B.when;whichC.when;that D.that;that考点二：关系副词引导定语从句1.Thisisthesmalllibrary________weoftenreadbooksafterschool.A.which B.what C.that D.where2.October1,1949wasanunforgettableday________thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.A.when B.that C.which D.inwhich3.Thereason________hewaslateforthemeetingwas________hislittlesonfellillthismorning.A.why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;because1.TheStoneAgeisthenamegiventothetimeover2,000,000yearsago,________lifewasverydifferentfromtoday.A.why B.which C.when D.where2.Manystudentslikesurfingtheinternet,________theymayfindalotoffantasticpicturesandusefulvideos.A.which B.where C.when D.that3.ThecouplewillflytoFrancefortheirhoneymoonontheirfirststop,________theyplantostayforthreedays.A.when B.there C.which D.where4.Thereason________hedidn’tcometothemeetingwas________hewasill.A.because;that B.forwhich;because C.why;that D.forthat;that5.She’sgotherselfintoadangeroussituation________she’slikelytoloseherlife.A.which B.that C.when D.where考点三：“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句1.Withinseveralmonths,Danielhelpedraise$20,000,________aclinicwassetupinKenya.A.withwhom B.forwhom C.withwhich D.forwhich2.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,________thesailingtimewas260days.A.fromwhich B.duringwhich C.ofwhich D.forwhich3.It’ssaidthatthisbookhasbeenadaptedfortwofilms,thefirst________willbereleasedinthecinemathisfall.A.ofthem B.ofwhich C.ofwhat D.which1.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%________aresoldabroad.A.which B.ofthat C.whichof D.ofwhich2.Incaseofsuddenafflictionwiththevirus,ourhotelcan________acertifiednursetolookafteryourchildren,________theyoungestapparentlyishavingafeveratthemoment.A.arrange;whose B.arrangefor;whoseC.arrange;ofwhom D.arrangefor;ofwhom3.Withthecomingofbigdataage,datascienceissupposedtobestarvedfor,________canleadtoenhancedcorporatecompetitiveness.A.applicationofwhich B.ofwhomtheapplicationC.towhichtheapplication D.ofwhichtheapplication4.Mr.Smithwasreallyaverygreatteacher,________lectureswebenefitedalotaboutcommunicationskills.A.fromwhom B.ofwhom C.fromwhose D.ofwhose5.ThereisnodoubtthatChineseisalanguage________thebeautyofphilosophyandculturelies.A.withwhich B.inthat C.inwhich D.onwhom一、单项选择1.Despiteallitsancientbuildings,Xi’anisaplace________welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife.A.whom B.where C.that D.whose2.________isknowntoall,theearthgoesaroundthesun.A.It B.As C.That D.What3.Mynewbike,________myfathergavemeasabirthdaygift,wasstolenyesterday.A.which B.that C.where D.how4.ThefunniestthingaboutCharlieChaplinwastheway________hewalkedwhenhewasactingastheTramp.A.which B.how C.what D.that5.Theoldestmuseum________wasbuiltoveracenturyagoisbeingrepairedthisyear.A.who B.that C.which D.where6.________ismostsignificantistheway________peopleworkedtomaketheseterracesandgrowrice.A.What,inwhich B.That,that C.Whether,inthat D.What,how7.Thisisthelibrary________weoftenreadbooksafterschool.A.which B.whom C.where D.whe8.It’ssaidthatthisbookhasbeenadaptedfortwofilms,thefirst________willbereleasedinthecinemathisfall.A.ofthem B.ofwhich C.ofwhat D.which9.Weneedtoprotectthemountain________ecologicalsystemhasbeendamagedbyillegalloggingandover-tourisminrecentyears.A.where B.that C.which D.whose10.Theteamhasreachedthefinalstageofthecompetition,aresult________nooneexpectedatthebeginningoftheseason.A.which B.where C.when D.why二、单句语法填空1.Lastweek,onlytwopeopleclimbedtothetopofthemountain,neitherof________camefromEurope.2.Aseriesofpolicieshasbeenadoptedsofar________benefitsthepoverty-strickenpeoplewillenjoy.3.Theverymuseum________wepaidavisittolastweekhasacollectionofancientcoins.4.Therehavebeencasesinthepast________thegenderofthepandawasmistaken.5.Thepark,________isverybeautiful,liesatthecornerofthestreet.6.Thevolunteer________organizescommunitycharityactivitieseveryweekendismyneighbor.7.Shehastriedeverything________couldhelpheryoungerbrothergetridofthebadhabit.8.________isoftenthecase,theweatherinspringisquitechangeable.9.Hehasacollectionofvintagewatches,mostof________weremadeinSwitzerlandinthe1960s.10.Bogueswasonly1.6metrestall,________madehimtheshortestplayereverintheNBA.三、完成句子1.我们无法解释，为什么这么多人支持这项草案。Wecouldnotgivethereason,________________somanypeoplewereinfavourofthedraft.2.我们班有45名学生，其中只有10人在上一门选修艺术课。Thereare45studentsinourclass,out________________only10aretakinganoptionalartcourse.3.那些想去那里的人请填写表格。Those________________pleasefillouttheform.4.我们大家都知道，地球是圆的。________________,theearthisround.

5.我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。Ihavetwoforeignteachers,________________________arefromAmerica.6.最吸引我的是橄榄球俱乐部。Theone________________theRugbyClub.7.众所周知，熟能生巧。________weallknow,practicemakesperfect.8.凡是昨天没来开会的人必须陈述理由。Anyone________failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.一、阅读理解AEatingOutAreyoulookingforsomewherespecialtogothisweekend?Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew?Checkoutoneofthesehotnewrestaurants.MusicalChairsHaveyounoticedhowmusicmakesthetasteofyourfoodbetter?ThisnewrestauranthasdifferenttypesoflivemusiceverynightexceptSundays,andexcellentfoodtogowithit,Greatfishdishes,beefandpizza.Mondayisclassicrocknight,soseeyouthere.TheChocolateBoxTheownerofthissmallcafeusedtocookallkindsoffood.Butthensherealizedshepreferredsweetstoanythingelse.Ifyouwantmeatorfish,don’tcomehere.Theyonlydodesserts!Loststodifferentkindsofsweets,Chocolateloverswillbeexcitedbytherangeofchocolatecakes.LastDaysoftheRajAcentrally-locatedIndianrestaurant,perfectforeatingbeforeorafterthecinemaorashow.Insummerenjoyyourmealinthebeautifulgarden.Themostpopulardishesarebeefandchickencookedwithmild,mediumorhotspices.Forbravecustomersthereisextrahot!ATastyofTuscanyWhetheryou’dlikeagreatvalue-for-moneylunchorarelaxedeveningmealatafantasticrestaurant,thisistheplaceforyou.ThecookshaveallbeentrainedinItalyandtheymakebothtraditionalandmoderndishes.Werecommendthepastaandseafood.1.What’sspecialaboutMusicChairs?A.Sundayisclassicrocknighteveryweek.B.Thechairtherecanplaywonderfulmusic.C.Therestaurantonlywelcomesmusiclovers.D.Youcanenjoyyourmealwithlivemusicthere.2.WhichofthefollowingdoestheChocolateBoxserve?A.Fish. B.Cakes. C.Seafood. D.Chicken.3.WhydopeoplegotoLastDaysoftheRaj?A.Toshowothershowbravetheywillbe. B.Toenjoythemealwhilewatchingshows.C.Totrythedishestherecookedwithspices. D.Tohavemealsinthegardenallyearround.4.WhatcanpeopledoatATasteofTuscany?A.Enjoyarelaxedbreakfast. B.TastedishescookedinItaly.C.Haveavalue-for-moneylunch. D.Learntocookpastaandseafood.BDuringthewinterof2014,IrelocatedbacktoBoston.Havingexperiencedtroubleinaneighboringstate,Ilefttherequicklyandcontactedsomefriends.TheyinvitedmetogoandstaywiththemaslongasIneeded.Theshelter(庇护所)theyprovidedwastheendofan18-monthsuffering.Thatwinter,wehadabadsnowstorm.Thereweretwofeetofsnowandiceontopofmycar.WhenIstartedtoshovel(铲)it,mysnowshovelbroke.Iwouldusemyicescraper(刮刀)toclearthesnowoffthecarbeforereturningtomyfriends’apartmentandborrowingashovel.Suddenly,ayoungmanranoutofaneighboringhousewithashovel.Smiling,Ithankedhimandreachedforit.Hesmiledbackandsaid,“I’lldoitforyou,ma’am.”ThenhedidtheheavyshovelingwhileIcleanedthesnowoffmycar.Together,wegotmycaroutofthesnowbank.Hewasjusthappytohelpmeout,whichmademyday,especiallyaftermybadexperience.IthinkIhadunknowinglygivenuponpeopleaftermyheartache.Afterhisrandomactofkindness,myworldwasbrighter,andIcouldsmilemore.Iamdoingmuchbetternow.InolongerliveinBoston,buthaveastrongbondwithit.Insomerespects,Iwasrebornthere.BecauseofthedifficultiesIwentthrough,Idon’tthinkIcanliveanormallifeagain.ButwhenIgetdownorthingsgethard,Ithinkaboutwhatthatyoungmanandthatgroupoffriendsdidforme.Itremindsmethattherearemanywonderfulandselflesspeopleonthisplanet.Afewminutesofshovelinghelpedmeconnectagaintothepossibilityofinnocentactsofkindness.5.HowdidtheauthorfeelbeforereturningtoBoston?A.Surprised. B.Bored. C.Heartbroken. D.Satisfied.6.Whatdidtheyoungmandotohelptheauthor?A.Hegaveherashelter. B.Helentascrapertoher.C.Hestartedthecarforher. D.Heshoveledthesnowoff.7.Whathappenedtotheauthoraftertheyoungman’shelp?A.Shesufferedheartache. B.Shegotherhopeback.C.Sherememberedherpast. D.Sheputkindnessintopractice.8.Whatdotheyoungmanandthefriendsmeantotheauthor?A.ThepaininBoston. B.Thesourceofwealth.C.Herspiritualsupport. D.Herformermemories.CSunitaKumariChaudharyquietlyweaves(编织)togetherlengthsofrope,mixingthemwithgrasscollectedfromtheriverbankinhervillageofDang.Sheskillfullyshapesthematerialsintoanicebox.Assheweaves,she’steachingasmallgroupofwomenhowtoworkwiththematerials.TheropesthatChaudharyandtheothersareusingwereoncethelifelineformountainclimbersinNepal’smountainsandwerethentossed.Thewaste,includingtheropes,isnowfindingnewlife,turnedbyskilledhandslikeChaudhary’sintoitemstosellsuchasboxesandtablemats(垫子).“Atfirst,Ididn’tknowthattheseropeswerecollectedfromthemountains,”Chaudharysaysassheexpertlyweavesablue-coloredropeintoaheart-shapedbox.Toherleft,aboxshemadeinthesamewayholdshertools—scissorsandmetalnails.Onthefloorareseveralmatsshemade,eachamixofgoldenyellow,purpleandblue.“Later,Ilearnedthattheropeswerecollectedduringamountaincleaningproject.Andpeoplelikeme,whoarefarfromthemountains,areusingourtraditionalskillstoturnthiswasteintosomethingtotallynew,”shesaid.TheHimalayanmountainshavebeenincreasinglyfilledwithwasteleftbymountaineeringactivitiesovertheyears.AccordingtoNepal’sDepartmentofTourism,onMt.Everestalone,thereisnearly140.000tonsofwaste.In2019,thegovernmentstartedtheprojectSafaHimalAviyanledbytheNepalArmy.Wastecollectedfromtheprojectiseithersenttoalandfillifit’sbiodegradable(可降解的)orreusedifnot.NowsomeofthatmaterialisfindingitswaytothelocalslikeChaudhary,thankstotheaction.9.HowdoesChaudharydealwiththecollectedropes?A.Sherepurposesthem. B.Shesellsthematamarket.C.Sherepaintsthem. D.Shesendsthemtoalandfill.10.Whichistheclosestinmeaningto“tossed”inparagraph2?A.Pickedup. B.Heldback. C.Thrownaway. D.Checkedout.11.Whydidthegovernmentstarttheproject?A.Toofferwell-paidjobs. B.Tocleanupthemountains.C.Topracticetraditionalskills. D.Tohelpforeigntourists.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutChaudhary?A.Sheusedtobeateacher. B.Shejoinedthearmyin2019.C.Shesetsuptheproject. D.Sheisskillfulandcreative.DWiththerapidlydevelopingofthesociety,culturehavechangedgreatly.Inthecity,noonecanescapefromthefastpace.Andasaresult,thetraditionalculturearebelievedbecominglost.However,whythetraditionalculturearebecominglost?First,weeatthepopularizedfastfoodandenjoythepopularized“fastfood”culture.Sincewegetusedtosuchfastthingsthatmanytraditionalthingshavebeenignored.Second,wehavebroughtupmanyothercultures,thoseculturearemorepopularthanouroweculturefortheyoungpeople,theyinterestintheotherculturesbecausethoseculturesarenewthingsandtheyoungsarecuriousaboutnewthings.Andyoungpeoplestandforthefutureculture.Somanypeoplebelievethatthetraditionalculturewillgraduallybelost.Tosometraditionalculturesthatareondecline,wehavetakenactivemeasurestoconservethem.Expertshavecomeupwithproperadviceonprotectingsuchcultures.Manyvolunteershavededicatedthemselvestostudyingthem.Firstandforemost,moreandmorepeoplehavediscernedtheimportanceofthetraditionalculture.Therefore,wearesurethatoureffortswillleadtoabrilliantfuture.Ifaculturewantstogainaneternallife,itshouldchangeitselftocatertothepeopleinitsage.Sodoesourtraditionalculture.Traditionalculturesadheringtomodernmeansappearrigorous.Forexample,wemakeCDsforclassicmusicsothatitcannotonlymeetmodernneedsbutalsospreadfurtherandmoresuccessfullyinthemodernworld.Theappearanceoftraditionalculturechanges,buttheessencewillneverchangeandwillbewellaccepted.13.Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?A.Theimportanceoftraditionalculture.B.Thereasonswhytraditionalcultureisbecominglost.C.Themeasuresthathavebeentakentoprotecttraditionalculture.D.Thebenefitsoflearningothercultures.14.Whatisthemainreasonforthelossoftraditionalculture?A.Peoplearetoobusytopayattentiontotraditionalculture.B.Manytraditionalthingshavebeenignoredduetothepopularityoffastfood.C.Youngpeoplearemoreinterestedinothercultures.D.Thegovernmentdoesn’tpayenoughattentiontotraditionalculture.15.Whatmeasureshavebeentakentoprotecttraditionalculture?A.Expertshaveprovidedadviceonprotectingtraditionalculture.B.Manyvolunteershavedevotedthemselvestostudyingtraditionalculture.C.Thegovernmenthasinvestedalotofmoneyinprotectingtraditionalculture.D.Alloftheabove.16.Whyisitnecessarytochangetraditionalculture?A.Tomakeitmorepopular.B.Tomakeitmoresuitableformodernsociety.C.Tokeepitalive.D.Tomakeitmoreinteresting.二、完形填空MyfirstrealrunningexperiencewaswithayouthsportsclubinthelittletownnearwhereIgrewup.Wewereagroupof____1____trainingtogetherthreetimesaweekforabouttwohourseachsession.Thatwasalotof____2____,butweenjoyedit.Weplayedmanyrunninggamesthatmadethose____3____fun!Istillloveto____4____themtodaywhenImeethighschoolrunningteamsoryoungathleteswhoare____5____aboutmytraininginthosefirstyearsofcompetingandracing.Inthebeginning,though,myparentswantedmeto____6____schoolworkratherthanrunning,whichisunderstandable.TheydidnotseemeastheOlympic____7____Idreamedofbecoming.ButonceIwasreallyontothetrack,noonecouldtakefrommethepassion(激情)Ihaddiscoveredfor____8____.Thoseyearsweremybest____9____asayounggirl.Ijustenjoyedthefunandthe_____10_____feelingofbeingamongfriendsonateam.Webecameafamilyoffriendswhohelped,_____11_____andcaredforeachother.ThosearegoodmemoriesIwillalwayskeep_____12_____.Youcanimaginehowmuch_____13_____thismademyfirstcompetitiveoutings.Wejustwentoutandraced_____14_____-dressedincottonshortsandshirts,andwearingcanvas(帆布)shoes.Webelievedwecouldrunfastbecausewewerefocused,wehadtrainedwell,and-mostofall-wejust_____15_____torun!1.A.teachers B.kids C.readers D.adults2.A.anger B.laughter C.encouragement D.sweat3.A.pickups B.checkouts C.workouts D.tryouts4.A.afford B.carry C.hold D.share5.A.curious B.anxious C.serious D.certain6.A.applyfor B.concentrateon C.makeup D.getthrough7.A.judge B.volunteer C.athlete D.coach8.A.skiing B.skating C.swimming D.running9.A.dreams B.thoughts C.memories D.promises10.A.comfortable B.nervous C.competitive D.lonely11.A.saw B.doubted C.challenged D.supported12.A.infear B.inmind C.insurprise D.introuble13.A.easier B.harder C.shorter D.safer14.A.helplessly B.slowly C.confidently D.secretly15.A.agreed B.loved C.started D.refused三、语法填空FoodplaysasignificantroleinclassicChinesenovels,withoneofthemostfamousexamplesbeingCaoXueqin’sDreamoftheRedChamber.Inthis18th-centurynovel,foodisakeypartofthestory,revealingdetailsaboutcharactersandadvancingtheplot.Thebook’smostfamousdish,a___1___(prepare)ofeggplantcalledqiexiang(茄鲞),isarichdishthatrequires___2___(day)toprepare,involvingsteamingeggplanttentimesinsoupmadefromoldhens.Thedishoverwhelmsthefamily’spoorrelatives,firstwithenvy,___3___laterwithterriblediscomfortinstomachs.Thenovelprovidesampleinspirationtotoday’scooks.Foodbloggersgoviralwithattempts___4___(recreate)thebook’smostfamousdishes.“RedChamberBanquets”popupinthemerestaurantsacrossChina,andindeedworldwide,withthedishesplatedinMichelinstyle.Whilemostfoods___5___(serve)inthenovelaremadewithhighskill,theyaremadewithonlyafewsimpleseasonalingredients.InChina’sculinaryculture,humbleingredients___6___(prize)becausetheyareinseason.Arelative___7___brags(吹嘘)aboutenjoyingfoodoutofseasonislaterrevealedtohaveadangerouslyviolenttemper.A“badapple,”onemightsay.Likeallgreatliterature,theenduringpopularityofDreamoftheRedChambercomesfrom___8___(it)manylayersofmeaning.Readerscanappreciateitmorethan___9___anengagingstory.Thesamecanalsobesaidaboutthefood.Whenwereadaboutit,wecanadmirethecookingart,mine___10___textforhistoricalclues,orseekdoublemeaningsinevery“bite”.四、应用文写作假定你是李华，校英语俱乐部在上周五举办了“用英语讲中国传统文化”的活动，作为俱乐部成员，请你写一篇新闻稿，投稿至校英语报。内容包括：1.活动目的和内容；2.活动反响。注意：1.写作词数应为80词左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

专题08定语从句目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练考点一关系代词引导定语从句关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(=ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)as人或物主语、宾语、表语1.who，whom和whose引导的定语从句。(1)who和whom都指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。(2)whose指人的或物的，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用ofwhich代替，指人时可用ofwhom代替。Anymanwhohasasenseofdutywillbeconcernedaboutthisitem.任何有责任感的人都会关注这个项目。Therescueworker(whom/that/who)youarewaitingforhascome.你正在等的救援人员已经来了。Ifrequentlyvisitascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.我经常拜访一位全国知名的科学家。2.that和which引导的定语从句that代替的先行词可以是人也可以是物，但是which代替的先行词只能是物。使用这两个关系词要注意以下两点：(1)5种只用that引导定语从句的情况。①先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，theone等不定代词时被all，any，few，every，no，little，much，some等修饰时。。②先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。③先行词被theonly，thevery(正是，恰是),thelast修饰时。④先行词既有人又有物时。⑤当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Allthatyoumustkeepinmindisthatyoumustbeburiedinyourresearch.你必须记住的所有的事情是你必须专心于你的研究。Hewasthefirstsurvivorthatwasdugoutfromtheruins.他是从废墟中被挖出的第一个幸存者。Theonlythingthatwecandoisgiveintoourparents’ideas.我们唯一能做的事情就是听从我们父母的意见。IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚地记得我在那个房间见到的人和一些照片。(2)4种只用which引导定语从句的情况。①引导非限制性定语从句时。②先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。③先行词本身是that时。④关系代词后有插入语时。3.as引导的定语从句as引导限制性定语从句主要用于thesame...as...，such...as...和so...as...结构中。as既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。Wehavefoundthesamematerialsasareusedintheirfactory.我们已经找到了和他们工厂里使用的一样的材料。4.引导非限制性定语从句时as/which的区别关系词位置不同表意不同as既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多用see，know，expect，say，mention，report等Asanybodycansee，theelephantislikeasnake.正如每个人所看到的一样，这头大象像一条蛇。Thenumberofsmokers，asisreported，hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.正如报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。which通常放在主句之后意为“这一点”或“这件事”等Shemarriedagain，whichwasunexpected.她再婚了，这是始料未及的。5.定语从句中的主谓一致(1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。Therecorderthathasbeengiventomeishomemade.给我的那台录音机是国产的。(2)“oneof＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the、theonly、thevery等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。Heisoneof