专题14 完形填空（一）（解题突破）（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义江苏专用）（原卷版及全解全析）

专题14完形填空(一)(解题突破)目目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练学考必备的完形填空的体裁主要以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，主题语境包括人与自我、人与社会及人与自然，选材都是积极向上、充满正能量的文章，倡导至真、至善、至美的价值观。选材原汁原味，语言地道，能够传递正能量，从考生熟悉的话题中考查英语素养。完形填空主要考查实词。一般情况下，名词和动词(短语)考查的数量在2/3以上，体现了高考对词汇考查的灵活性。这就要求考生在复习备考时应重视词汇的积累，同时注意培养自己在语境中理解词义的能力。完形填空的解题步骤1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先做有把握的问题，对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示。3.复读全文，解决疑难。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。4.再次复读，弥补疏漏。全部做好后，考生务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。常用答题微技能如下：考点一首句概览法在完形填空中，一般情况下，文章第一句话会交代人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点等，然后再介绍事件的发生、发展及结果。利用首句确定文章的体裁：如果文章开头交代事情发生的时间、地点以及人物等，这很可能就是一篇记叙文。完形填空的首句或前几句话一般是完整的，这样便于考生理清思路，抓住文章的线索。由首句的提示及上下文之间的关系便能进一步了解短文的内容，为正确解题提供了依据。所以考生在做题时，若能认真读懂首句或前几句，就可以根据它们判断出文章的大意或主题，这样有助于有效地完成完形填空。考点二语境推测法完形填空题的最大特点是——重点考查语境。所谓语境，就是指文章的上下文关系，它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。对于记叙文，文章以叙述为主，绝大部分篇幅是作者在描述事件，较少点明作者的观点。而作者的态度及观点往往隐含在叙述中，因此，这类试题常会出现作者的态度与观点隐性的跳跃式变换，增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，这就要求考生在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境辨析词语，作出选择。因为完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解，空格的前后多有暗示(后文暗示前文的居多)，所以考生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系，结合语境辨析所给选项，从中选出正确答案。对于那些一时无法确定答案的题，考生不要仅局限于空格前后的小范围语境，要把视野扩大到全文，有时，一旦和整篇短文联系起来，考生就会豁然开朗，很容易选出答案。考点三上下文呼应法上下文呼应法就是考生在做完形填空题时，必须注意上下文的连贯性及逻辑性，在了解文章大意的基础上，要按文章的先后顺序，对每道题所给词语的确切含义进行分析比较，并考虑到全文的语境，做到瞻前顾后，上下文呼应，运用逻辑思维进行答题的一种方法。(1)注意上下文的信息提示：信息提示出现在前文时，可以直接根据前文的信息提示确定答案；信息提示出现在后文时，考生应该先把此空暂时搁置，在理解了后文意义之后再确定答案。(2)通读全文，利用复现词语：在完形填空试题中，一些词语会重复出现在语篇之中。把握这些反复出现的词语，有利于考生确定正确答案。考点四文化背景，生活常识法文化背景法是考生根据自己已经掌握的或具备的文化背景和生活常识，如科学、历史文化，风俗民情等方面的知识，对完形填空中出现的相关问题作出分析与判断的方法。由于完形填空命题的基本形式是独立的语篇，它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，因此，考生在做题时应该：1.利用英语国家的文化背景知识(包括英语国家的风俗习惯、历史事件、地理位置等)；注意中西方文化的差异；简化复杂的分析与判断过程。2.结合生活常识，避免常识性错误。完形填空文章的内容与日常生活相关，因此当考生对语言的把握不准确时，可充分利用社会知识和科普知识来帮助自己判断，这就要求考生平时既要多体验生活，又要博览群书。考点五固定搭配，平行结构法固定搭配是完形填空的常考点，英语中的固定搭配非常多，考生平时要熟记它们，并能够在具体语境中识别出来，从而选择正确的答案。做题时，考生要注意所填词与空格前后词语的搭配。平行结构指的是意义相关、层次相同、句法功能也相同的词组或句子等成串排列的语言现象。这些结构的形式整齐、对称，考生可根据这些特征选择正确答案。常见的连接平行结构的词有：and,but,aswellas,or,both...and..,neither...nor..,either...or..,notonly...but(also).,not...but...,ratherthan,than等。命题者常利用平行结构表现的意义具有关联性这一特点来设空，因此，掌握这些平行结构可大大提高解题效率。考点一：首句概览法例1.LastDecemberIfacedthesameproblemmanypeopleknowtoowell:whatdoyoubuyforafriendwhoalready1everything?MybestfriendLilybuyswhatevershelikesthemomentshe2it.Iwalkedthroughshopsforhours,3candlesandscarvesthatIknewshewouldneveruse.Thensomeonetoldmeaboutasmallceramic(陶瓷的)studio4byAnsleyBunger.1.A.needs B.borrows C.knows D.owns2.A.sees B.hears C.recognizes D.ignores3.A.hiding B.holding C.designing D.collecting4.A.sold B.visited C.run D.abandoned例2.NelsonMandelaoncesaid,“Ifyoutalktoamaninalanguageheunderstands,thatgoestohishead.Ifyoutalktohiminhislanguage,thatgoestohisheart.”Thisquote(引语)1thepoweroflanguage,andthat’swhyI’vealwaysenjoyedlearningnewlanguages.SofarI’ve2agoodknowledgeoffourlanguages.例3.OneSundaymorning,IwasbusywithmyhomeworkwhenIheardasoftknockonmydoor.Itwasmymom,1asmallboxwrapped(包装)incolorfulpaper.“Happybirthday!”shesaidwitha2.Ihadcompletelyforgottenaboutmyownbirthday.1.A.selling B.picking C.holding D.opening2.A.pity B.smile C.cry D.letter1.Thisissuchaminorthingbutitmeanssomuchtome.ItoccurredwhenIwas14.Backthen,Iwasa(n)1.teenagerstrugglingwithadisturbinghomeenvironmentandnothavingclosefriendsmademefeel2.1.A.average B.unhealthy C.troubled D.quiet2.A.letdown B.leftout C.heldback D.burntout2.IneverimaginedI’dbeinthissituation.Icouldfeelmywindpipe(气管)slowly1asahighschoolersqueezedmyneck.HowdidI2here,lyingonthefloor,gettingstrangled(掐住脖子)bysomeonesoyoung?1.A.opening B.closing C.widening D.sharpening2.A.endup B.turnup C.breakup D.setup3.Afather-sonpairbecamethefocusofattentionduringSunday’sXin’anjiangMarathoninZhejiangprovince.Thefather,45-year-oldLuoShujianranthemarathonwhilepushingathree-wheeledcart1his13-year-oldsonXiaobai,whowasdiagnosedwithcerebralpalsy(大脑性麻痹)sixmonthsafterhewasbornin2009.What’sworse,he2asevereformofepilepsy(癫痫)attheageofthree.1.A.dragging B.carrying C.covering D.protecting2.A.pretended B.charged C.developed D.abandoned4.WhenIwasachild,mymumlikedtopreparefoodfordinnereverynowandthen.AndIclearlyrememberonenightwhenshemade1afteralong,harddayatwork.5.Lastyear,Ms.Lopez,amathteacherinCalifornia,facedafamiliar1:howtomeettheneedsof30studentswithdifferentlearningpaces.Somestruggledwithbasicequations,whileothers,clearlybored2formorechallengingproblems.ThenshetriedanAItutoringtool,andeverythingbeganto3.1.A.dilemma B.standard C.record D.deadline2.A.waited B.begged C.prepared D.competed3.A.disappear B.repeat C.fail D.change考点二：语境推测法例1.Iwas1thatour15-month-oldboywouldfallintothecreek.Itiedaropearoundhiswaisttokeephimneartoourspot.1.A.annoyed B.surprised C.disappointed D.worried例2.Likemanyyoungpeople,Jessicawantstotraveltheglobe.Unlikemostofthem,this25-year-oldisdoingit1.Sheandherhusbandhavespentthelasttwoyearstravellingtheworld,stoppingeverywherefromParistoSingapore.1.A.indoors B.online C.single-handed D.full-time例3.Earlierthatevening,mymothercalled,tellingmethatmybrotherhadbeenkilledinacarcrash.…,Itriedtoholdmytears.I43pickedthingsupandputthemdown.43.A.aimlessly B.helplessly C.quickly D.decisively1.IliveinSweden,wherewoodworkingisastandardschoolcurriculum(课程).Ihadinvestedaconsiderableamountoftimeandgreateffortintoaprojectwewerecompleting.Uponfinishing,wewerepermittedtotakeour4home.A.assignments B.rewards C.tools D.creations2.ItallbeganwhenItookatrialclassataBrazilianjujutsu(柔术)academy.ThoughI’dbeenafanofactionmoviesand1bymartialartsforyears,Ihadn’tdoneanythingmore2thanrunningforabus.Myinitial3waslookingfoolishintheuniform—gi.IworriedI’dbelaughedat.4,everyonewasincrediblynice,evenwhenIaccidentallyputmykneeonsomeone’sneck.Eventually,I5myanxietyandboughtagiftforpractice.1.A.limited B.touched C.shocked D.fascinated2.A.athletic B.academic C.artistic D.economic3.A.hope B.blessing C.concern D.doubt4.A.Surprisingly B.Unfortunately C.Naturally D.Seriously5.A.ignored B.overcame C.accepted D.forgot3.Luowastoldhisson’s1requireslifelongcare.Withhelpfromcharities,Xiaobai’scondition2aftertakingmedication.Mostofthetime,hehastostayathome,butLuohasalwayswantedtotakehissontoseeawiderworldandbeen3bythestoryofDickHoyt—takinghissonRickwithcerebralpalsytoover1,000races.Then,the4hadtheirfirsttryatthe7-kilometerminimarathoneventin2015.HefoundthatXiaobaiwas5andhappy,laughingandclappinghishands.The6responseencouragedLuototakehissontoparticipatein54racesinover20Chinesecities.1.A.condition B.tension C.talent D.appetite2.A.improved B.ensured C.conserved D.contributed3.A.annoyed B.required C.interrupted D.inspired4.A.group B.crowd C.pair D.team5.A.surprised B.thrilled C.ashamed D.astonished6.A.imaginative B.urgent C.perfect D.positive考点三：上下文呼应法例1.Youcantellalotaboutamanbyhowhetreatshisdogs.Formanyyears,Ienjoyedlivingwithmydogs,TillyandChance.Their41(companionship)wasnearlyenoughtokeepmylonelinessatbay,Nearly.Lastyear,Istarteddating,butwith42(reservations).WhenIfirstdatedSteve,I43(learned)hehadadog,Molly,andacat,Flora.WhileIwas44(thrilled)thathewasananimallover,I45(worried)thatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmightattack46,thecat.46.A.Flora B.Chance C.Molly D.Tilly例2.Ihatelyingtothekids.Onedaythey'll47(wakeup)anddiscoverthateverythingthey'vealwaysknownaboutwindowsisa48.Iwonderif49(parents)shouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe50(consequences).Ihaveaverystrong51(fear)thattheliewe'retellingisdoing52(spiritual)damagetoourchildren.48.A.dream B.lie C.fantasy D.fact例3.Criticismisimportant,butyouaregoingtohavetokeeponwritingtillyouare8withyourwork.”8.A.content B.strict C.patient D.exhausted1.Mr.KerelaunchedtheSchoolBricksforGandoprojectand28raisingmoneyneededtobuildaschool.28.A.setabout B.insistedon C.pickedup D.lookedinto2.AlthoughIenjoyedmynewlifeandthetimeitfreedup,therealwaysseemedtobesomethingmissing.Ithoughtitwasaresultofgoingfromahigh-activitycareertoalifeof21.21.A.depression B.leisure C.boredom D.enjoyment3.AliciaSzostakwasdrivingonthehighwayaftermidnightonemorning.Suddenly,shesawadeerrunintothe21.21.A.farm B.mountain C.road D.door4.Forthe21ofherfirstgrandchild,mymomhand-knitted(手工编织)alovelyChristmasstocking.Twoyearslater,asecondgrandchildarrivedandMomtookoutherknittingneedlesagain.21.A.arrival B.happiness C.benefit D.success考点四：文化背景、生活常识法例1....Whenshe53(reached)onenurse,shetriedtopressafive-poundnoteintoherhand.Mycolleague54(refused)toacceptit,sayingthatwewerealljust55(doing)ourjob.Thepatientlookedpuzzled,andthen56(replied):"Ohthisisn'tforthe57(care)Ihad.Itakethatasa58(given).No,thisisforsettingmyhairyesterday."Andthereyouhaveit.Tomanypeople,59livesispartofthejobbutstylinghairisan60(extra)andshouldberewarded.59.A.risking B.changing C.saving D.building例2.Withtraffic43(stopped)andnoclearinformationonwhenthehighwaywouldreopen,somedriversabandonedtheircarsandsetoutonfoot.Others,likeCaseyandJoe,turnedoffthe44tosavegasandseatedthemselvesintheirvehicles.44.A.cooker B.engine C.window D.radio例3.Mynextmovewillbeto1allmyskillsinpioneeringwork.Iknowthereisnoendtolearning.Iwillliveandlearn.A.quit B.reflect C.employ D.change1.figuredthatifsomethinglookedand24goodthen,chanceswere,itwouldtastegreattoo.24.A.smelt B.sounded C.remained D.felt2.MywifeandIwererecallingthe34(kindness)oftheUberdriverandweresogladthatwecouldgivehimagenerous35.Mayhistribegrow.35.A.discount B.mercy C.loan D.tip3.MykidsandIwereheadingintothesupermarketovertheweekend.Onthewaywespottedamanholdingapieceofpaperthatsaid,“21myjob.Familytofeed.”21.A.Lost B.Changed C.Quit D.Finished4.Whenthecashier23everythingupandtoldherthecost,thewoman’sface24(paled).Itwasobviousshedidn’thaveenoughmoney.23.A.used B.piled C.added D.mixed5.Listeningtoourkidscanhelp34emotionalconnectionsandboosttheirself-confidence.34.A.strengthen B.beautify C.update D.replace6.ButShainecriedwhenshelearnedolderanddisabledanimalsareoftenkilledpainlesslybecausetheycan’twalkandrequireextra23. 23.A.care B.duty C.recognition D.courage考点五：固定搭配，平行结构法例1.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably42athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies43(exposed).Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44(interpreted)asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.42.A.clever B.bad C.scared D.quick例2.Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there'ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout41someoneelse'sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.41.A.following B.taking C.escaping D.directing1.Thenextweekwe47(walked)ourdogstogether.Itwasahotday.Whenwepausedtocatchour48,Stevegotdownononeknee.48.A.breath B.balance C.attention D.imagination2.Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each47(child)satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor48.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould49orheartheadult.48.A.feet B.nose C.hands D.ears49.A.see B.help C.reach D.fool一、阅读理解AGlasgowDoorsOpenDaysFestivalisayearlyevent.Duringthefestival,youcanexploresomeofthecity’smosthistoricbuildings.Thisyear,fromOctober16to22,youareinvitedtovisit122differentbuildings.BookingAllofoureventsareFREEtoattend.However,someneedtobebookedinadvance.Bookingopensat10a.m.onOctober1.Mosteventscanbebookedvia.uk.HubThisyear,ourfestivalhubisintheheartofthecity,attheGarmentFactory.Thefactoryhasbeenconvertedintoamodernoffice.Youcangethelpfromvolunteersthere.Theywillgiveyoumoreinformationabouttheprogrammeandguideyouthroughseveralexhibitions.GettingAroundBikeYoucanrentabikeforfreefromSouthWestCommunityCyclesonOctober19and20,from10a.m.to4p.m.BookviatheSWCCwebsite:www.southwestcommunitycycles.co.uk/events.TrainTravellingbytrainisoneofthequickestandeasiestwaystogetaround.ScotRailoffersarangeoftickets,suchasthenewGlasgowDaysOutpass(车票).Thepassincludestwodaysofunlimitedoff-peak(非高峰期的)travelinandaroundGlasgow.Thepriceisjust£34forafamilyoffour.Moreinformationatwww.scotrail.co.uk.Don’tforgettocheckoutthenationalprogrammeofDoorsOpenDaysat.uk.TheprogrammeisheldacrossScotlandeveryyear.I.Choosethebestanswer.1.GlasgowDoorsOpenDaysFestivallasts_________.A.threedays B.fivedays C.aweek D.twoweeks2.Jameswantstobookabuildingtour.Heshouldbookvia_________.A.www.scotrail.co.uk B..ukC..uk D.www.southwestcommunitycycles.co.uk/events3.Thefestivalhub_________.A.usedtobeanoldoffice B.usedtobeamodernofficeC.islocatedinthecentreofthecity D.isfarawayfromthecentreofthecity4.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.VisitorscanrentbikesforfreefromOctober16to20.B.GlasgowDoorsOpenDaysFestivalisheldeveryotheryear.C.ThenationalprogrammeofDoorsOpenDaysisheldacrossEngland.D.GlasgowDaysOutpassincludestwodaysofunlimitedoff-peaktravelinandaroundGlasgow.BThesoundofmymotherpreparingbreakfastfillsthehouse—mymorningalarm.AsIwalktowardthekitchen,I’mgreetedbymymotherstandingoverthecooker.SheeffortlesslycooksadishthatmixesWesternandEasternstyles,abelovedbreakfastclassicinourfamily.Thisismygrandmother’srecipe(食谱).Sincemygrandmother’spassing,I’vebecomemoreawareofmymother’sagingandherdevotiontocookingforus.Shehascookedforherfamilyformorethan30years,dividinghertimebetweenthreecountries—Korea,CanadaandGermany.WhenmyparentsvisitusfromKorea,theystaywithusforseveralmonths.Mymotherhelpsaroundthehouse,showinghercookingskillstoprovidedeliciousmealsforme,mypartnerandourkids.Ineveryotheryear,sheandmydadwilltraveltoBerlintospendacoupleofweekswithmysisterandherpartner.AccordingtoStatista,mostCanadiansreportspendingbetween31and60minutespreparinganaverageweekdaydinnerforthemselvesandothersintheirhouses.Tenpercentstatedthattheyspendmorethananhourpreparingtheireveningmeal.Mymotherbelongstothat10percent.Hercookinggoesbeyondthekitchen,startingwithcarefulgroceryshoppingtripswheresheexaminesproduceandfindsthebestdeals.Shetakeseveryone’spreferencesandneedsintoaccount.Themealshecreatesbecomesaritual(仪式),bringingthefamilytogethertoconnectandshare.Helpingheroutinthekitchenrequiresagreatdealofpatience.Yet,Iknowit’sherwayofexpressinglove.AsIpreparethevegetables,shenoticesthatmycarrotsarenotevenlysized.Shepushesmeasidetotakeoverthetask.“Justdothedishes.”5.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor’smotherfromparagraph2?A.Shehasmorethantwochildren.B.SheliveswiththeauthorinKorea.C.Shehasgreatcookingskills.D.Sheinventedthefamilybelovedbreakfastclassic.6.What’sthepurposeoflistingdataaboutmealpreparationtime?A.Topresentacommonproblem.B.Toshowhermother’slove.C.Tostresstheimportanceofhome-cookedmeals.D.Toexplainthereasonsbehindinfrequentcooking.7.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A.Hermotherdislikesbeingbothered.B.Hermotherexpectsperfectionincooking.C.Hermothergetsangryeasily.D.Hermotherwantstoteachhereverything.8.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Mother’sRecipeIstheBestintheWorld.B.Mother’sLoveNeedstoBeRespondedto.C.Mother’sSelflessnessInspiresMyFamily.D.Mother’sKitchendrawsUsCloserTogether.CFeelingbadafterafavoriteshowendsiscommon,anditevenhasaninformalname:post-seriesdepression(PSD).RitaKottasz,amarketingprofessoratKingstonUniversity,describesPSDas“afeelingofemptinessandupsetwhensomethingyoulovefinishes”.ThisexperiencecanbefoundinTVshows,books,orvideogames,creatingadesireformore.TheideaofPSDgainedpopularityonsocialmediaandfanblogsinthemid-2010s,especiallyduringtheGoldenAgeofTV.KottaszprefersnottousethenamePSD,insteadcallingit“consumersaudade”,aPortuguesewordmeaningnostalgic(怀旧的)longing.However,ajournaleditortoldhertousePSDbecauseitswidelyusedoutsideofresearch.Kottaszandherco-workerspublishedaresearchdividingthetypesofPSDbasedoninterviewswithfanswhofeltsadaftertheirfavoritethingsended.Commonemotionsincludedfrustration,disappointment,sadness,andemptiness.Somefansevenfeltthatlifewaslesscompleteorthattheyhadlost“bestfriends”.WhilePSDisoftenconnectedtoTVshows,Kottaszisexploringitsconnectiontoothermedia,suchasthesuddenbreakofK-popbandBTS(防弹少年团)andnovelslikeHarryPotter.Youngerpeoplearemoreinfluencedthanolderones,partiallybecausecompanieslikeNetflixarealwaysgivingviewersnewmoviesandshows.Whatmightsurprisemanypeopleisthatbinge-watchingdoesnotseemtocausePSD.Instead,long-termwatchingmaybeafactor.Kottaszthinkswatchingashowoverseveralseasonsorreadingnovelsacrossmanyyearsstrengthensaperson’srelationshiptothecharacters(人物).Inher2019paper,shesaidaHarryPotterfanwhostartedreadingtheseriesatage9andwas"sadlyleftbehind’afterthefinalbookandfilmpublishedyearslater.Butitisn’tquiteassimpleassayingtheendofashowornovelcontrolsouremotion.BrianKong,aChicago-basedpsychologist,isworriedthatPSDmightnotimply(暗示)acauseandeffectrelationshipbetweenlowmoodsandaprogram’send.Instead,hesaysthatwhenviewersexperiencinglastingbadfeelings,watchingTVmightbeactingasananesthetic(麻醉剂)foradeepermentalproblem,likehowsomepeoplewithanxietydrinkalcohol.Inotherwords,thelowmoodalreadyexisted,andwatchingtheseriesonlymaskedit.9.WhichofthefollowingisacommonresponseamongfansexperiencingPSD?A.Afreshsenseofpurposeforlife. B.Adeepsatisfactionaftertheshow.C.Agreatsenseoflossofbestfriends. D.Astrongdesireforanewhobby.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“binge-watching”inParagraph5mean?A.ReviewingeverydetailofaTVshowdayandnight.B.Watchingmanyepisodes(集)ofaTVshowatonetime.C.FollowingtheepisodesofaTVshowforalongtime.D.ReadingabookserieswhilewatchingtheTVadaptation(改編版).11.WhatdoeBrianKongimplyinthelastparagraph?A.PSDcoversupadeepermentalproblem.B.Viewerswithbadfeelingslikedrinkingalcohol.C.WatchingTVisthemaincauseoflowmoods.D.WatchingTVseriescanmakementalproblemsworse.12.Whatmightthefollowingparagraphsfocuson?A.Thesolutionstopost-seriesdepression.B.Themarketing(营销)strategiesofTVshows.C.ThedifferencebetweenPSDandnostalgia.D.Theinfluenceofsocialmediaonfanemotions.DTosaythatthechildlearnsbyimitationandthatthewaytoteachistosetagoodexampleseemsoversimplified.Nochildimitateseveryactionhesees.Sometimes,theexampletheparentwantshimtofollowisignoredwhilehetakesovercontrarypatternsfromsomeotherexample.Therefore,wemustturntoamoresubtletheorythan“Monkeysee,monkeydo”.Lookatitfromthechild’spointofview.Hereheisinanewsituation,lackingareadyresponse.Heisseekingaresponsewhichwillgaincertainends.Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.Thereisasecondelementatworkinthissituation.Thechildmaybeabletoachievehisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.Whenshoutingacrossthehouseachieveshisimmediateendofdeliveringamessage,heistoldemphaticallythatsuchascreamingisunpleasant,thatheshouldwalkintothenextroomandsayhissayquietly.Thus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.Oneoftheearlythingsthechildlearnsisthathegetsmoreaffectionandapprovalwhenhisparentslikehisresponse.Thenotheradultsawardsomeactionsandcriticizeothers.Ifoneistomaintainthesupportofothersandhisownself-respect,hemustadoptresponseshissocialgroupapproves.Infindingtrialresponses,thelearnerdoesnotchoosemodelsatrandom.Heimitatesthepersonwhoseemsagoodpersontobelike,ratherthanapersonwhosesocialstatushewishedtoavoid.Ifthepupilwantstobegoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers.Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.Weusesomepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.13.Accordingtothepassage,toteachachildtolearnsomething,parentsshould________.A.viewfromthechild’sperspectiveB.simplifyeachactionshowntothechildC.followthetheoryofimitationD.setagoodexampleforthechildtocopy14.Whichofthefollowingsituationwillleadachildtoseekforamodel?A.Thechildcomesupwithasolutiontoanissue.B.Thechildisblamedbyparentsforhis/herwrongdoing.C.Thechildencountersaprofessionalwhocangettherightresult.D.Thechildisintroubleandcannotfigureoutanapproach.15.Itcanbeinferredthatchildrenusuallyimitatepeople________.A.whosetalentandskillareextraordinaryB.whoseactionsareconsistentwiththeirsC.whomtheywanttobeshapedintoD.whoenjoyahighsocialstatus16.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thereasonforparentingbyimitation.B.Thefactorsdeterminingchildren’simitation.C.Thesignificanceoflearningbyimitation.D.Thewaychildrenchoosemodels.二、完形填空Isatbythewindow,flippingthroughWilliamWordsworth’spoem,ThePrelude.Init,he1adreamwhereanArabhorsemancarriesastoneandashell.Thestone2science,theshellpoetry.Bothareinurgentdanger,andWordsworthfirmlybelievesthatpoetryandimaginationshouldhold3importancetoreasonandscienceininspiringthehumansoul.Then,mythoughtsturnedtoCharlesDarwin’sTheOriginofSpecies.Histheory4overturnedthesenseofhumanuniqueness,yetitrevealedtheprofound5inalllife.Iclosedmyeyesandimaginedmyselfwalkingthrough19th-centuryLondon.WordsworthandIstoodbyaquiet6.Hestaredintothedistanceandwhispered,“Kristine,naturefollowsscientificlawsyetcarriespoeticcharm.”Thelakeshinesasifin7.Next,IwasinDarwin’sstudy.Buriedintestsamplesandpapers,he8andsaid,“Kristine,nature’smysteriesareeverywhere.Every9tellsastoryoflife.Theseflowers,sosimple,arelikesilentpoems.”Standingbetweenthem,Ifelttheconflictand10ofscienceandpoetry.Scienceisthe11thatshapesourunderstanding.12,poetryistheessencethatbringsittolife.Theydependoneachother,formingacompletepictureofhowhumans13theworld.Backin14,thenoiseofthecityoutsidemademerealizeI’mlivinginthepresent,notthe19thcentury.Iwasfilledwithwonderforscienceandpoetry.Theyarelike15starsinthenightsky,eachshiningbrightlyandlightingourwayforward.1.A.realized B.described C.kept D.pursued2.A.dominates B.influences C.symbolizes D.disturbs3.A.equal B.lasting C.particular D.cultural4.A.probably B.simply C.eventually D.completely5.A.differences B.connections C.improvements D.effects6.A.lakeside B.seashore C.pathway D.grassland7.A.sympathy B.surprise C.agreement D.harmony8.A.triedout B.lookedup C.stressedout D.checkedin9.A.adventure B.secret C.word D.species10.A.integration B.peace C.struggle D.resolution11.A.language B.solution C.foundation D.discipline12.A.Otherwise B.Meanwhile C.Thus D.Besides13.A.perceive B.change C.conquer D.save14.A.return B.history C.time D.reality15.A.north B.rising C.twin D.golden三、语法填空SouthwestChina’sYunnanprovinceisapopulardestinationknownforitstemperateweather,naturalsceneryandfolkcustoms.DaliandLijiangremaintoptravelchoicesforbothdomesticandinternationaltour