专题08 定语从句（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义广东专用）（原卷版）

/专题08定语从句目录目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练类别细分考点规则例词/例句定语从句关系代词的用法关系代词

who（指人，作主语）、whom（指人，作宾语，可省略）、that（指人/物，作主语/宾语）、which（指物，作主语/宾语）、whose（指人/物，作定语）。重点：that

与

which

的区别（先行词为不定代词、最高级、序数词等时用

that；非限制性定语从句用

which）；whose

表所属关系。Thisisthegirl

who

wonthecompetition.（这是赢得比赛的女孩）Thebook

that/which

Iboughtyesterdayisinteresting.（我昨天买的书很有趣）Thehouse

whose

windowsarebrokenneedsrepairing.（窗户破了的房子需要修理）关系副词的用法关系副词

when（表时间，先行词为时间名词）、where（表地点，先行词为地点名词）、why（表原因，先行词为

reason）。重点：可与“介词+关系代词”结构互换（如

when

可换为

atwhich，where

可换为

inwhich，why

可换为

forwhich）。I’llneverforgettheday

when

wemet.（我永远不会忘记我们相遇的那一天）Thisistheplace

where

welivedbefore.（这是我们以前住的地方）Thereason

why

hewaslateisclear.（他迟到的原因很清楚）限制性与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句：修饰先行词，不可省略，无逗号；非限制性定语从句：补充说明先行词，有逗号，不能用

that。重点：非限制性定语从句中关系代词

which

可指代整个主句内容。Heistheman

who

helpedme.（他是帮助我的那个人，限制性）Shehasabrother,

who

isadoctor.（她有个哥哥，是医生，非限制性）Hefailedtheexam,

which

madehisparentsangry.（他考试不及格，这让他父母很生气，which

指代主句）特殊用法1.先行词为

way

时，关系词用

that（可省略）、inwhich

或省略；2.先行词为

time

时，表“次数”用

that（可省略），表“时间”用

when

或“介词+

which”；3.分隔式定语从句：先行词与从句被其他成分隔开。Theway

(that/inwhich)

hespokewasimpolite.（他说话的方式不礼貌）Thisisthesecondtime

(that)

Ihavebeenhere.（这是我第二次来这里）Anewteacherwillcometomorrow

who

canspeakFrench.（明天会来一位会说法语的新老师，先行词

teacher

与从句被

willcometomorrow

隔开）考点：定语从句的用法类别细分规则例词/例句定语从句关系代词用法关系代词

who（指人，作主语）、whom（指人，作宾语，可省略）、that（指人/物，作主语/宾语）、which（指物，作主语/宾语）、whose（指人/物，作定语，表所属）。重点：先行词为不定代词（如

all,something）、最高级、序数词时用

that；非限制性定语从句用

which

不用

that。Theboy

who

isplayingfootballismybrother.Thepen

that/which

Ilostyesterdaywasred.Thehouse

whose

roofisbrokenneedsrepairing.关系副词用法关系副词

when（表时间，先行词为时间名词）、where（表地点，先行词为地点名词）、why（表原因，先行词为

reason）。重点：可与“介词+关系代词”结构转换（when

可换为

atwhich，where

可换为

inwhich，why

可换为

forwhich）。We’llneverforgettheday

when

wegraduated.Thisistheschool

where

Istudied.Thereason

why

hewasabsentisclear.限制性与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句：无逗号，修饰先行词，不可省略；非限制性定语从句：有逗号，补充说明先行词，不能用

that，which

可指代整个主句内容。Heisthestudent

who

alwayshelpsothers.（限制性）Myfather,

who

isadoctor,worksinahospital.（非限制性）Hefailedtheexam,

which

madehisparentssad.特殊结构1.先行词为

way

时，关系词用

that（可省略）、inwhich

或省略；2.分隔式定语从句：先行词与从句被其他成分隔开；3.“介词+关系代词”结构：介词根据先行词或从句中动词、形容词的搭配确定。Theway

(that/inwhich)

youspeakisimpolite.Anewfilmwillbeontomorrow

that

youmightlike.Theman

withwhom

youtalkedismyteacher.练考点：定语从句的用法例1：Thegirl______(singonthestage)ismybestfriend.例2：Thisisthebook______(myfatherboughtforme)lastweek.例3：Theboy______(wetalkedaboutyesterday)wonthemathcompetition.例4：Thehouse______(windowsfacesouth)getslotsofsunlight.例5：Ihaveafriend______(likescollectingstamps)asahobby.例6：Istillremembertheday______(Ifirstwenttoschool).例7：Thisistheschool______(Istudiedforsixyears).例8：Thereason______(hewaslateforclass)isthathemissedthebus.例9：Wevisitedthecity______(thefamouswriterwasborn).例10：I’llneverforgetthemoment______(wewonthegame).例11：Mysister______(isanurse)worksinachildren’shospital.例12：Myhometown,______(isinthesouthofChina),isverybeautiful.例13：Thebook______(youlentmelastweek)isveryinteresting.例14：Mr.Li,______(teachesusEnglish),isverykindtous.例15：Hepassedtheexam,______(madehisparentsveryhappy).例16：Idon’tliketheway______(hespeakstohisparents).例17：Thisisthethirdtime______(IhavebeentoBeijing).例18：Anewstudent______(canplaythepianowell)joinedourclass.例19：Theman______(wetalkedwithjustnow)isourheadmaster.例20：Thehouse______(weusedtolivein)isnowalibrary.题1：Theman______iswearingabluejacketisournewteacher.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whose题2：Thisisthepen______Ilostintheclassroomyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whoseD.when题3：Thegirl______wemetatthepartyisfromShanghai.A.whichB.whoseC.whomD.where题4：Thetree______leavesturnredinautumnisverybeautiful.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.that题5：All______weneedisenoughtimetofinishthework.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom题6：Thisisthepark______weoftenplaybasketballafterschool.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.which题7：Ican’tremembertheyear______myfamilymovedtothistown.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which题8：Thereason______shedidn’tcometothepartyisnotclear.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.who题9：Wewenttothevillage______mygrandparentsusedtolive.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.that题10：Istillkeeptheletter______Ireceivedfrommyfriendlastmonth.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.why题11：Mybrother,______isadoctor,willcometoseemetomorrow.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose题12：Thebike______Iboughtlastyearisstillingoodcondition.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.when题13：Shewonthefirstprize,______surprisedallofus.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.why题14：Thegirl______hairisblackcomesfromJapan.A.whoseB.whoC.whichD.that题15：Ourschool,______wasbuiltin1990,hasalonghistory.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.where题16：Iliketheway______sheorganizestheclassactivities.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when题17：Thisisthefirsttime______Ihaveseensuchabeautifulsunset.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.which题18：Abook______tellsaboutChinesehistoryisonthedesk.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.when题19：Thegirl______youarewaitingforwillcomesoon.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which题20：Thecity______wevisitedlastsummerisverymodern.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.why一、单项选择1.Thenovel______authorwontheNobelPrizeisverypopularamongstudents.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whom2.Istillremembertheafternoon______wespentplantingtreesinthepark.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.why3.Thisisthemuseum______wesawtheancientculturalrelicslastmonth.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.that4.Hisuncle,______worksasanengineerinabigcompany,willcometovisithim.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.where5.Thereason______manystudentschoosethiscourseisitspracticalvalue.A.whyB.whichC.whenD.where6.Thisisthemostinterestingstory______Ihavereadthisyear.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom7.Theboy______wearelookingforhasalreadyreturnedhome.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.where8.Anewbridge______connectsthetwovillageswillbebuiltnextyear.A.whoB.whereC.whichD.when9.Theway______hesolvesmathproblemsisdifferentfrommine.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when10.Shetoldmeastory______mademelaughforalongtime.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.where二、单句语法填空11.Thewoman______(istalkingtoourteacher)ismymother.12.Thisisthehotel______(westayedduringourtriptoGuilin).13.Themagazine______(coverisdesignedbymysister)sellswell.14.I’llneverforgettheday______(ourteamwonthechampionship).15.Hisnewsmartphone,______(heboughtlastmonth),wasstolenyesterday.16.Thereason______(shedidn’tfinishherhomework)isthatshewasill.17.ThisisthefirstEnglishsong______(Ilearnedtosing).18.Theman______(wetalkedaboutatthemeeting)isafamousscientist.19.Afilm______(isaboutenvironmentalprotection)willbeshowninourschool.20.Theway______(shelearnsEnglishwords)isworthrecommending.一、阅读理解A（2026年云南省普通高中学业水平统一考试仿真模拟卷01（春季高考适用））TheMostWalkableCitiesintheWorldThere'snothinglikewalkinginacityandabsorbingthelocalculture.Sowhatarethemostwalkablecitiesintheworld?InsiderMonkeyhaslistedthemostwalkablecitiesin2024.Herearethetop4citieswhereyoucanenjoythebestwalkingexperiences.Florence,ItalyFlorencetopsthelistasthemostwalkablecityintheworld.KnownforitsRenaissance(文艺复兴)historyandamazingarchitecture,thecity'smajorlandmarks,suchastheUffiziGallery,PonteVecchio,PiazzadellaSignoriaandCathedralofSantaMariadelFioreareallwithineasywalkingdistance.Anotherhighlight,Florenceattachesimportancetocleanliness.Youcanfindevidenceinitswell-maintainedpiazzas(广场)andthebanksoftheArnoRiver.Riga,LatviaThismedieval(中世纪的)capitalcitysetontheBalticSeaisadelightfulplaceforwalkers.Itsmostpopularattractions—theRigaCathedral,RigaCentralMarket,theHouseofBlackHeadsandBastejkalnaPark—areallwithin1.5milesofeachother.Besidesthewalk-onlyOldTown,InsiderMonkeyrecommendscheckingouttheUNESCO-listedneighborhoodofVecrig,whichisdescribedas"thehistoricalcenterofRiga".Hamburg,GermanyHamburg'smaritime(海洋的)atmosphereandculturalsites,liketheHamburgDungeonandMiniaturWunderland,arewithintwomilesofeachother.Thecity'sconvenientpublictransportandbeautifulsitescontributetoitshighwalkability.Porto,PortugalPortocombinesnarrowstonestreetsperfectforexploringandfamouslandmarks,suchastheDomLuísIBridgeandLivrariaLello.Thecity'scleanstreetsandwell-maintainedparksimproveitswalkability.Moreover,Porto'sairqualityisinfluencedbyitscoastallocation.21.

InwhichcitycanwalkersexperienceUNESCO-listedneighborhood?A.Florence.B.Riga.C.Hamburg.D.Porto.22.

WhatdoFlorenceandPortohaveincommon?A.Theyarecleancities.B.TheyhaveRenaissancehistory.C.Theyarecoastalcities.D.Theyhaveconvenienttransport.23.

Wherecanyoumostprobablyfindthetext?A.Inatextbook.B.Inabiography.C.Inamagazine.D.Inanewsreport.B（2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷A）Antarcticaisknownforbeingavastlandoficeandsnow,aplacetoocoldformostlife.Despitethis,thecontinentisslowlystartingtoturnwarm.AccordingtotheGuardian,theAntarctichasregisteredanewhightemperatureforthefirsttimeonrecord,promptingfearsofclimateinstabilityintheworld’siciestplace.OnFeb9,BrazilianresearchersatSeymourIslandreportedatemperatureof20.75℃ontheicycontinentofAntarctica.Itwasalmostafulldegreehigherthanthepreviousrecordof19.8℃,takenonSignyIsland(西格尼岛)inJanuary1982.Thisrecord-breakingreadingwastakenatamonitoringstationinthenorthernpartofAntarctica.AccordingtoBraziliansoilscientistCarlosSchaefer,thetemperaturewasdocumentedduringa20-year-longresearchproject.Thefocusofthisprojectistostudytheeffectthatclimatechangehasonthepermafrost(永久冻土)withintheregion.Permafrostissoilthatstaysfrozenforatleasttwoyears.AlthoughthisisafirstrecordhighforAntarctica,Schaeferstressedthat"Wecan’tusethistoanticipateclimaticchangesinthefuture.It’ssimplyasignalthatsomethingdifferentishappeninginthatarea."Butinfact,thelasthightemperaturereadingwasinthe19℃range.ThesehighertemperaturescancauseiceandglaciersinAntarcticregionstomelt.TheAntarcticpeninsula(半岛)thelongfingeroflandthatstretchestowardsArgentinaismostdramaticallyaffected.Scientistssawglaciersthathaveretreatedbymorethan100metersinDiscoveryBaywherethesnowmeltedinlittlemorethanaweek,leavingdarkexposedrock.Thismeltediceleadstoariseinsealevelsthatcanthreatenthesafetyofcoastalareas.It’sbelievedtobebehindanalarmingdeclineofmorethan50percentinchinstrappenguin(帽带企鹅)colonies,whicharedependentonseaice.LikeAmericanwriterErnestHemingwayoncesaid,"TheEarthisafineplaceandworthfightingfor."Weshoulddoeverythingwecantohelpsaveourplanet.Otherwise,itmaybecometoohotforustofix.24.WhatdidBrazilianresearchersreportonFeb9?A.SeymourIslandisthewarmestregionintheAntarctic.B.Antarcticahitarecordhightemperatureof20.75℃.C.TheaveragetemperatureofAntarcticarangesfrom19.8℃to20.75℃.D.Antarctica’snewrecordtemperatureisafulldegreehigherthanthepreviousdecade.25.What’sthemainpurposeofthe20-year-longresearchproject?A.Topredictpossibleclimaticchangeinthefuture.B.TomonitorAntarctica’scontributionstoworldclimatechange.C.Toexplainwhythepermafrostmaycauseglacierstomelt.D.Toexaminehowthepermafrostisinfluencedbyclimatechange.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"retreated"probablymean?A.movedbackward. B.increasedinsize.C.coveredacertainarea. D.stretchedinanoppositedirection.27.Accordingtothetext,themeltedglaciermayleadto________.A.thepollutionofoceanwater B.thereleaseofvariousvirusesC.threatstopenguinhabitats D.disappearancesofcoastalcities28.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.TheEarthwillbehotterandhotter.B.ThehightemperaturecancauseiceinAntarcticamelt.C.Peopleshouldsparenoefforttoprotecttheearthandtheenvironment.D.Ariseinsealevelscanthreatenthesafetyofcoastalareas.C（2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷C）RoundandRoundTheyGoSpaceisbecomingmorecrowded.OnDecember3,aFalcon9rocketmadebySpaceXthunderedintothesky.Onboardwere64smallsatellites,morethananyAmericancompanyhadlaunchedbeforeinonego.Theyhaveavarietyofuses,fromspace-based-radartothemonitoringofradio-frequency-emissions.Theseobjectsarepartofthelatestbreedoflow-Earth-orbit(LEO)satellites.Thislaunchisjusttasteofwhatisplanned.SpaceXandOneWeb,acommunicationsfirm,plantolaunchsatellitesintheirthousands,nothundreds.Thepairaresettodoublethetotalnumberofsatellitesinorbitby2027.ThatpromisestochangethingsdramaticallyonEarth.LEOsatellitescanbringinternetconnectivitytoplaceswhereitisstillunavailableorunaffordable.Thiswillalsobealastingsourceofnewdemandforthespaceeconomy.MorganStanley,abank,projectsthatthespaceindustrywillgrowfrom$350billionin2016tomorethan$1.Itrillionby2040.Newinternetsatelliteswillaccountforahalfthisincrease.Forthattohappen,however,threeworriesmustbeovercome.Debris(碎片)isthemostfamiliarconcern.Aslongagoas1978,DonaldKessler,ascientistatNASA,proposedsituationinwhich,whenenoughsatelliteswerepackedintolow-Earthorbits,anycollisioncouldcauseachainreactionwhichwouldeventuallydestroyallspacecraftinitsorbitalplane(平面).ThesyndromewhichbearsMr.Kessler’snameweighsheavilyonthemindsofexecutivesatthenewsatellitefirms.Debriscouldcauseentiretracts(广阔的一片)ofspacetobeunusablefordecades.Solutionsexist.OneistograbmalfunctionsatellitesandpullthemdownintoEarth’satmosphere.Anotheristomonitorspacemoreintensivelyfordebris;aUSAirForceprogrammecalledSpaceFenceisduetostartin2019.Buttechnologyisonlypartoftheanswer.Rulesareneededtogovernthesafedisposal(清除)ofoldsatellitesfromlow-Earthorbit.TheUnitedStates’FederalCommunicationsCommissionisrevisingitsregulationswiththisinmind.Othercountriesshouldfollowsuit.Cyber-securityisasecond,long-standingworry.Hackerscouldtakecontrolofasatelliteandsealintellectualproperty,redirectdataflowsorcauseacollision.Thesatelliteindustryhasbeenslowtorespondtosuchconcerns.Butasmoreoftheworld’spopulationcomestorelyontheinfrastructureofspaceforaccesstotheinternet,theneedforactionintensifies.Thethirdissuefollowsfromthefirsttwo.Ifasimplemistakeoracyber-attackcancauseachainreactionwhichwipesouthundredsofbillionsofdollarsofinvestment,whoisliable?Underwriters(保险商)arestudyingtheplansoffirmsthatwishtooperatelargenumbersofsatellites.Butthereisalongwaytogobeforetherisksarewellunderstood,letalonepriced.Asspacebecomesmorecommercializedmind-bendingprospectsopenup:packagesmovedacrosstheplanetinminutesbyrocketratherthanbyplane,equipmentsenttoothersmallplanets,passengerslaunchedintoorbitandbeyond.Allthatandmoremaycome,oneday.ButsuchactivitieswouldraisethesamequestionsasLEOsatellitesdo.Theymustbeansweredbeforethespaceeconomycantrulydevelop.29.WhatcanwelearnaboutLEOsatellitesfromthepassage?A.Theyaresupposedtolimitthespaceeconomy.B.Theyareexpectedtoincreaseinlargenumbers.C.TheyaredesignedtomovebeyondtheEarthasfaraspossible.D.Theyaremainlyintendedtobringinternetconnectivitytoremoteareas.30.Todealwithdebrisinspace,theauthorsuggests________.A.dependingentirelyonthemoderntechnologyB.monitoringthemovementofspaceshipscarefullyC.strengtheningrulestoremoveoldsatellitessafelyD.destroyingallthesatelliteswithproblemsinstantly31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intensify”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Measure. B.Increase. C.Spread. D.Repeat.32.Whichofthefollowingcanbeclassifiedasthethirdworry?A.Lackofsatelliteregulations. B.Lossofintellectualproperty.C.Crisisofconfidenceinthefield. D.Slowresponseofsatelliteindustry.33.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthelaunchofLEOsatellites?A.Itshouldbefurtherconfirmedforitsownership.B.Itshouldbecontinuedbecauseofitsadvantages.C.Itshouldbedonecarefullytoavoidpotentialrisks.D.Itshouldbestoppedinfaceofthespaceeconomy.D（2022年广东省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语）In2016,IsufferedfromSeasonalAffectiveDisorder(SAD)aformofdepression(抑郁症)thatisfoundtomakepeoplefeellowintheUKbetweenSeptemberandApril.Duringthatcoldandwetperiod,Igotcomfortinbooks.Bookshavebeenusedbymanytoreducedepression.Ilosemyselfintothemasthirstilyasusuallygetmymorningcoffee.EachChristmas,Ihaveahabitofreturningtotheoldfavoritebooksthatmakeupformyemptiness,suchasJaneEyre.Sometimes,toescapefromthecold,IrunbacktotheheatthatIamusedto,soIwillreadalotofbookssetinAfrica.Itbecameimportantformetofindawaytoescapemysadnessintheworldofbooks.Andisn’tthatwhatartandliteratureisfor?AccordingtoJJBolatheauthorofNoPlacetoCallHome,“Theworldcangetyousodownthatyouthinkyou’retheonlypersongoingthroughwhatyou’regoingthrough.Butthenyoureadandyourealizethatyouarenotalonethatifsomeoneelsehasgonethroughitandsurvived,thenmaybeyoucan,too.”Itisthissurvivalthatthereaderlooksfor,thatis,theunderstandingthatthewinterisnotsolongafterall.34.Whatwasthepossiblecausefortheauthor’sillness?A.Hispersonality. B.Hispoorhealth.C.Sleeplessness. D.Coldandwetseasons.35.Theauthorlikesreadingoldfavoritebooksbecausetheyhelphim________.A.killtime B.keepwarmC.enjoyChristmastime D.driveawayemptiness36.Whichbookmaytheauthorprobablyreadwhenhefeelscold?A.JaneEyre. B.OutofAfrica.C.AliceinWonderland. D.NoPlacetoCallHome.37.Throughreading,theauthor________.A.findsawaytoescapehissadnessB.getsalongbetterwithothersC.leansmoreaboutotherculturesD.becomesmoreinterestedinliterature38Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ReadingReducesDepression B.ReadingKeepsYouWarmC.HowtoEscapeLoneliness D.HowtoSurviveWinters二、完形填空（2022年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语仿真模拟试卷C）InBothell,Washington.First,somebodyshowedupwithballoons.Thena39.ThenabigHappyBirthdaybanner40nexttotheBeca’sCoffeestand.Andpeoplejustkeptshowingup.Itwasaparty—justasBecahadimaginedforherfriendJack.May10washisbirthday,andshewantedto41him.Jack,53,bornwithdevelopmentaldisabilitieslovespeople.Beca,51,thoughthewaswonderful.Soshe42anarrangement:Ifheshowedupeverydayforanhourandchattedwiththecustomersatherdrive-throughwindow,she’dgivehimafreedrink.Prettysoon,anhourturnedintothewholeday.Becagavehima(n)46.“It’s47,”JacktoldKOMONews.“Ilovechattingwithpeoplehere,andshepaysmealotofmoney!”48noteverybodyappreciatedJack’senthusiasm.“Onecustomerwasextremely49,”shesays.50this,shepostedJack’sstoryonacommunityblogandalsomentionedhisapproachingbirthday.Withoutanyplanning,51showeduptocelebratehisbirthday,andhe52everyonewithahug.Inspiredbythespontaneous(自发的)goodspirit,BecasuggestedBothell53everyMay10asCupofKindnessDay.Thecityagreed.OnthefirstCupofKindnessDay,Beca54hershopanddeliveredcookiestopoliceofficers,55,teachersandothers“whoserveotherpeople”.IfyouwantacupofcoffeeinBothell,justheadovertoBeca’s.Youknowyourdrinkwillcomewithsomethingextra-special:56.39.A.cake B.card C.phone D.gift40.A.expanded B.displayed C.produced D.stretched41.A.force B.define C.surprise D.teach42.A.delayed B.proposed C.cancelled D.exch