专题10 句子种类、基本句型（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义广东专用）（原卷版）

/专题10句子种类、基本句型目录目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练句子种类：按使用目的分类：考生需掌握句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句用于陈述事实或观点，包括肯定和否定形式，如“Sheisateacher.”；疑问句用于提出问题，包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句，如“Issheateacher?”；祈使句用于表示请求、命令或劝告，主语通常省略，以动词原形开头，如“Pleaseopenthedoor.”；感叹句用于表达强烈感情，常用“What”或“How”引导，如“Whatabeautifuldayitis!”。按结构分类：考生需清楚句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成，表达一个完整意思，如“HeandIstudyandplaytogether.”；并列句由并列连词（如and,but,or,so等）连接两个或两个以上的简单句构成，如“IlikeEnglish,butheprefersmath.”；复合句包含一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句，从句由从属连词引导，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等，如“Ithink(that)heisright.”是宾语从句。基本句型：主语+谓语(不及物动词)：考生需掌握此句型中谓语动词后不接宾语，句子意思完整。如“Thesunrises.”。有时可跟状语修饰动词，如“Theytalkedforanhour.”。主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语：考生需掌握此句型中谓语动词后必须接宾语，句子意思才完整。如“SheteachesEnglish.”。主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语：考生需掌握此句型中谓语动词后接两个宾语（通常人为间接宾语，物为直接宾语）。常见动词有give,show,bring,tell,teach等。如“Hegavemeabook.”可转换为“Hegaveabooktome.”。主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语：考生需掌握此句型中“宾语+宾语补足语”构成复合宾语，两者存在逻辑上的主谓关系。可作宾补的有名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词等。如“Weelectedhimmonitor.”（名词作宾补）；“Thenewsmadeushappy.”（形容词作宾补）。主语+系动词+表语：考生需掌握此句型中系动词不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成系表结构说明主语的状态、性质、特征等。除be动词外，还有表示状态变化的（如become,get,turn,grow）、保持状态的（如keep,stay,remain）以及感官动词（如look,sound,smell,taste,feel）等。如“Hebecameadoctor.”；“Thefoodtastesdelicious.”。考点一：句子种类类别细分规则说明例句按使用目的陈述句1.用于陈述事实或观点，句末用句号。

2.分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。Theskyisblue./Shedoesn'tlikecoffee.疑问句1.

一般疑问句：用yes或no回答，结构为“系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+其它？”。

2.

特殊疑问句：用疑问词（what,who,where,when,why,how等）开头。

3.

选择疑问句：用or连接两个选项。

4.

反意疑问句：前肯后否，前否后肯。—Isheastudent?—Yes,heis.

Wheredoyoulive?

Doyouliketeaorcoffee?

It'saniceday,isn'tit?祈使句1.表示请求、命令、劝告等，主语you常省略。

2.以动词原形开头，否定式在动词前加Don't。

3.Let's开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用shallwe?Bequiet./Don'tbelate.

Let'sgo,shallwe?感叹句1.

What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!

2.

How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!Whatabeautifulpicture(itis)!

Howfast(heruns)!按结构简单句1.只包含一个主谓结构，句子成分由单词或短语充当。

2.可以有并列主语或并列谓语。MybrotherandIstudyandplaytogether.并列句1.由并列连词（and,but,or,so,for,yet,while等）连接两个或以上的简单句构成。

2.各分句在语法上独立，意义相关。IlikeEnglish,butheprefersmath.复合句1.包含一个主句和一个及以上从句。

2.从句由从属连词引导，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。Ithink(that)heishonest.(宾语从句)考点二：基本句型序号基本句型构成要素功能与说明例句1主+谓(S+V)主语+不及物动词谓语动词能独立表达完整意思，后不接宾语。常后接状语修饰。Thesunrises./Birdssingsweetly.2主+谓+宾(S+V+O)主语+及物动词+宾语谓语动词后必须接宾语意义才完整。宾语是动作的承受者。SheteachesEnglish./Ilovemyfamily.3主+谓+间宾+直宾(S+V+IO+DO)主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语双宾动词后接两个宾语，人为间接宾语(IO)，物为直接宾语(DO)。常可转换为“动词+直宾+to/for+间宾”。Hegavemeabook.=Hegaveabooktome.4主+谓+宾+宾补(S+V+O+OC)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语宾补用于补充说明宾语，与宾语存在逻辑上的主谓关系。可由名词、形容词、不定式、分词等充当。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)

Thenewsmadeushappy.(形容词)5主+系+表(S+V+P)主语+系动词+表语系动词不能单独作谓语，必须与表语构成系表结构说明主语。常见系动词：be,become,feel,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,get,turn,grow,keep,stay,remain等。Heisadoctor.(名词)

Thecaketastesdelicious.(形容词)练考点一：句子种类1.______afantasticconcertitwaslastnight!2.Hehasfinishedhishomework,______he?3.______(not,be)lateforthemeetingtomorrow.It'sveryimportant.4.Couldyoupleasetellme______therailwaystationis?5.—Thenewsci-fimovieisboring.—______.Ialmostfellasleepinthecinema.A.SodoIB.SoamIC.NeitherdoID.NordidI6.______deliciousthesouptastes!7.Let'scleantheclassroomtogether,______?8.Shenevergoestoschoolbybus,______?9.______(open)thewindow.It'stoohotinside.10.Iwonder______hewillcometothepartyornot.1.______fineweatheritistoday!Let'sgohiking.A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa2.HecanhardlyunderstandtheSpanishspeaker,______?A.can'theB.canheC.doesheD.doesn'the3.______letmeknowifyouneedanyhelp.A.DoB.DoingC.DoneD.Todo4.Couldyoutellme______?A.whereisthebusstationB.wherethebusstationisC.thebusstationiswhereD.iswherethebusstation5.—I'mnotgoingtothepartytonight.—______.Ihavetofinishmyreport.A.SoamIB.SodoIC.NeitheramID.NordoI6.______wonderfulmusictheyareplaying!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa7.Letuscleantheblackboard,______?A.shallweB.willyouC.doweD.don'twe8.Nothingcanstopusnow,______?A.can'titB.canitC.can'ttheyD.canthey9.______talkloudlyinthelibrary.It'sarule.A.NotB.Don'tC.NoD.Doesn't10.Doyouknow______themeetingwillbegin?A.howlongB.howsoonC.howoftenD.howmuch考点二：基本句型1.Theflowersinthegarden______(smell)verysweet.2.Theteacher______(explain)thegrammarrulesclearlytousyesterday.3.Mymotherbought______(I)anewdictionary.4.Weshouldkeepourclassroom______(clean)andtidy.5.Thesun______(rise)intheeastandsetsinthewest.6.Theyelectedhim______(monitor)oftheclass.7.Thistheory______(sound)veryreasonable.8.Couldyouplease______(pass)methesalt?9.Thenewsmadeallofus______(feel)veryexcited.10.Time______(fly)quicklywhenyouarehavingfun.1.Thestory______veryinteresting.A.soundsB.hearsC.listensD.says2.Myfather______meainterestingstoryeverynightwhenIwasyoung.A.spokeB.saidC.toldD.talked3.Weshouldkeepthewindows______toletthefreshairin.A.openB.openedC.openingD.toopen4.Thetemperature______suddenlythesedays.A.hasfallenB.hasfeltC.hasfellD.hasfelt5.Theteacheraskedus______theclassroomafterschool.A.cleanB.tocleanC.cleaningD.cleaned6.Thissilkdress______verysoft.A.feelsB.touchesC.holdsD.tries7.Couldyouplease______yournameonthisform?A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.wrote8.Thechildrenareplaying______inthepark.A.happyB.happilyC.happinessD.happier9.Ifoundthebookherecommendedvery______.A.interestB.interestedC.interestingD.interests10.Themeeting______forthreehoursyesterday.A.lastedB.keptC.spentD.cost一、单项选择1.______wonderfulperformancethechildrenputonattheparty!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa2.Sheseldomgoestothecinema,______?A.doessheB.doesn'tsheC.willsheD.won'tshe3.______meyourIDcardandstudentcard,please.A.ShowingB.ToshowC.ShowD.Showed4.Couldyoutellme______?A.whereisthenearestbankB.wherethenearestbankisC.thenearestbankiswhereD.iswherethenearestbank5.Thestoryhetoldus______veryexciting.A.heardB.soundedC.listenedD.spoke6.—Ididn'tenjoythelecture.—______.Itwastootheoretical.A.SodidIB.SoIdidC.NeitherdidID.NeitherIdid7.Theteachermadethedifficultproblem______easytounderstand.A.lookB.tolookC.lookedD.looking8.Let'strysomethingdifferentforachange,______?A.willyouB.shallweC.doweD.don'twe9.Idon'tknow______hewillagreewithourplan.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.which10.Thesun______behindthemountains,anditbecamedarkquickly.A.setB.setsC.wassetD.issetting单句语法填空11.______(not,forget)toturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.12.Thefreshbread______(smell)delicious.Ican'twaittotrysome.13.How______(interest)thenovelis!Ifinisheditinonesitting.14.Myparentsoften______(tell)meinspiringstorieswhenIwasachild.15.Nothingseems______(satisfy)him;healwaysfindssomethingtocomplainabout.16.Keepthedoor______(close).It'snoisyoutside.17.Whata______(value)experiencewegainedfromtheproject!18.Themanager'sdecisionmadealltheemployees______(feel)disappointed.19.Heaskedme______Icouldhelphimwithhiscomputer.20.Time______(fly)fastwhenyouarefocusedonyourwork.一、阅读理解A（2023届广东省肇庆市香山中学春季高考仿真考试三英语）IngridChenofNorthernIrelandwas28whenshelandedinKunming,capitalofYunnanProvince,tolearnChinesesignlanguages.Now52,shefoundafamily,acareerandapurposeduringheryearsinChina.Shefirstworkedinaprogramthatteachessignlanguages,craftsandsewingskillstopeopleover16fromtheruralareaswithnoeducationalopportunities.In2002,ChenandsomepartnersfromtheNGOestablishedtheirowncompany,Hearts&Hands,tohelplocaldisabledpeoplewhostruggletofindaneducationandajob.ThecompanysellsproductsmadeinthetraditionalstyleofYunnanethniccultures.Theseproductsarecreatedbythedeaf.In2016,theybegansellingproductstopeopleindifferentEuropeancountriesandtotheMiddleEast.However,theyhavetroubleshippingproducts.Productscan’treachtheirdestinationquicklyandsometimesgetlost,whicharereallyfrustrating.TheyalsoopenedaWeChatstore.Onthefirstday,theyhadover7,000viewsoftheproducts.ThankstotheWeChatstore,theirproductsarenowgoingouttoallpartsofChina.She’snevertakenasalaryforherwork,soherfamily’sdailyexpensesarecoveredbyherhusband,whoisawoodworker.ButChenhasneverregrettedstartinghercompany.21.HowmanyyearshasIngridChenbeeninChina?A.223. B.52. C.24. D.221.22.IngridfirstcametoKunmingto________．A.gosightseeing B.learnChinesesignlanguageC.learnsewingskills D.establishacompany23.WhomadetheproductssoldbyHearts&Hands?A.Theblind. B.Thedisabled. C.Thedeaf. D.Thelocalpeople.24.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplacetheunderlinedword“frustrating”inParagraph3?A.upset. B.wonderful. C.hopeful. D.useless.25.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.IngridChenearnedmoneyinChina. B.IngridChenraisesherfamilyinChina.C.IngridChenteachesEnglishinChina. D.IngridChenhelpsdisabledpeopleinChina.B（2025年山东省春季高考第三次模拟考试英语试题）LittleJohnnylivedinapoorvillage.OnesummerdayJohnny’smothersenthimtothefieldtopickupsomedriedwoodforthefire.Johnnyworkedveryhard.Bythetimethesunwashigh,hewasveryhotandwishedforacoolplacetorestandhavesomefood.Ashewalkedalong,hefoundsomefine,wildblueberries.“Howgoodthesewillbewithmybreadandbutter,”thoughtJohnny.Hepickedupalloftheblueberries.Ashewasliftingthefirstblueberrytohismouth,herememberedhissickmother.Withthisinmind,heputtheblueberrybackagain.Hethoughthowrefreshingtheywouldbeforher,yetwasstilllookingatthemwithalongingeye.“Iwilleathalf,andtaketheotherhalftoher,”hesaid.Hedividedthemintotwoparts,buteachpartlookedsmall.Heputthemtogetheragain.“Iwillonlyeatone,”hethought.But,asheagainliftedittohismouth,hesawthathehadtakenthefinest,andheputitback.Whenthesunwasbeginningtosink,Johnnysetoutforhome.Howhappyhefelt,then,thathehadallhisblueberriesforhismother.Heheardhismother’sfaint(虚弱的)voicecallinghim.“Isthatyou,Johnny?Iamthirsty,andamlongingforsometea.”Johnnyrantoherandjoyfullyofferedhiswildblueberries.“Andyousavedthemforyoursickmother,didn’tyou?”saidshe,layingherhandlovinglyonhishead,withtearsinhereyes.26.WhydidJohnnygotothefield?A.Toeathisbreadandbutter. B.Todrytheplantsintheirfield.C.Tolookforsomewoodforthefire. D.Topicksomefruitsforhismothertoeat.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“withalongingeye”showaboutJohnny?A.Hewantedtofindmoreblueberries.B.Hefeltthatthesunlightwastoostrong.C.Hewantedtoeattheblueberriesverymuch.D.Hethoughttheblueberriesweregoodforhismother.28.WhydidJohnnyputdowntheblueberrythesecondtimeheliftedittohismouth?A.Becauseitlookedsosmall. B.Becauseitwasthefinestone.C.Becausehewasnotsohungry. D.Becausehewantedtoeatotherblueberries.29.Whatisthecorrectorderaccordingtothetext?a.Johnnyputthefinestblueberryback.b.Johnnyfoundsomewildblueberries.c.Johnnydividedblueberriesintotwoparts.d.Johnnyofferedhiswildblueberriestohismother.e.Johnnywasveryhotandwantedtorestandhavesomefood.A.e-b-c-a-d B.a-e-d-c-b C.e-d-c-a-b D.e-b-d-c-a30.HowdidJohnny’smotherfeelafterseeingtheblueberries?A.Shefelttheblueberriesweresodelicious. B.Shewasmovedbyherson’scareandlove.C.Shewastoohungrytothinkaboutanything. D.Shethoughtthathersonmightwanttoeatthem.C（江苏省2025年普通高中学业水平合格性考试(春季高考适用)英语仿真模拟试卷03）ChooseYourOne-Day-ToursintheUnitedStates!TourA—

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B．Amagazine.C．Atravelbrochure. D．Awebsitepage.D（2025年云南省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷02）Cryptocurrencieshavetakenthefinancialworldbystorminrecentyears.Bitcoin,thefirstandmostwell-knowncryptocurrency,wasintroducedin2009.Cryptocurrenciesaredigitalorvirtualcurrenciesthatusecryptographyforsecurity.Oneofthemainfeaturesofcryptocurrenciesistheirdecentralizednature.Unliketraditionalcurrenciesthatareregulatedbycentralbanks,cryptocurrenciesoperateonatechnologycalledblockchain.Ablockchainisadistributedledgerthatrecordsalltransactionsacrossanetworkofcomputers.Thismeansthatnosingleentityhascontroloverthecurrency.However,theriseofcryptocurrenciesalsobringsseveralissues.Theirvaluecanbeextremelyvolatile.Forexample,thepriceofBitcoinhasexperiencedwildfluctuations,sometimesrisingorfallingbythousandsofdollarsinashortperiod.Additionally,thelackofregulationmakesthemvulnerabletoillegalactivitiessuchasmoneylaunderingandfraud.Therearealsoconcernsabouttheenvironmentalimpactofcryptocurrencymining,asitrequiresalargeamountofenergy.34.Whatarecryptocurrencies?A.Traditionalpapercurrencies.B.Digitalorvirtualcurrenciesusingcryptographyforsecurity.C.Currenciesonlyusedinillegalactivities.D.Currenciesregulatedbycentralbanks.35.Whatisthemainfeatureofcryptocurrencies?A.Theyarecontrolledbycentralbanks.B.Theyarealwaysstableinvalue.C.Theyaredecentralizedandoperateonblockchain.D.Theyareonlyusedforonlineshopping.36.Whataretheproblemswithcryptocurrencies?A.Volatilevalue,lackofregulation,andenvironmentalimpact.B.Theyaretooeasytouse.C.Theyareonlyusedbyafewpeople.D.Theyaretooexpensivetomine.37.Whyarecryptocurrenciesvulnerabletoillegalactivities?A.Becausetheyaretoopopular.B.Becausetheylackregulation.C.Becausetheyaredigital.D.Becausetheyaretoovaluable.二、完形填空（2025年云南省第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷01）Inasmalltown,therelivedayounggirlnamedLily.Shewasknownforherkindheartandherloveforanimals.Lilyhadalwaysdreamedofbecomingaveterinarian,someonewhocouldtakecareofsickandinjuredanimals.Oneday,whilewalkinginthewoodsnearherhome,Lilyheardastrangesound.Itwasasoftwhimperingthatseemedtobecomingfroma___38____direction.Curious,shefollowedthesounduntilshecameuponasmall,furrycreaturehuddledunderabush.Itwasalittlefoxcub,anditlookedasifitwasinpain.Lily'sheart____39____atthesightofthepoorcub.Shecarefullypickeditupandnoticedthatoneofitslegswasbleeding.Withouthesitation,sherushedbackhomewiththecubinherarms.Sheknewshehadtodosomethingtohelpit.Onceathome,Lilyquicklyfoundsomecleanclothsto____40____thecub'swound.Shethencalledhermother,whowasanurse,foradviceonwhattodonext.Hermothertoldhertokeepthecubwarmandquietuntiltheycouldgetittoaveterinarian.Thenextday,Lilyandhermothertookthefoxcubtothelocalanimalclinic.Thevetthereexaminedthecubcarefullyandsaidthatithadprobablybeen____41____byatrap.Fortunately,theinjurywasn'ttoosevere,andwithpropertreatment,thecubwouldbeabletorecover.Lilywas____42____tohearthegoodnews.Shevisitedthecubatthecliniceverydayafterschool,bringingitlittletreatsandsittingwithittokeepitcompany.Thecubseemedtorecognizeherandwouldwagitstail____43____wheneveritsawher.Overthenextfewweeks,thefoxcubslowlyregaineditsstrength.Lilywatchedin____44____asitbegantowalkandrunaroundthecageattheclinic.Shewassoproudofhowfarithadcome.Finally,thedaycamewhenthevetsaidthecubwashealthyenoughtobereleasedbackintothewild.Lilywasbothhappyandsad.Shewashappythatthecubwaswellagain,butsheknewshewould____45____itterribly.Onthedayoftherelease,Lilycarriedthecubbacktothewoodswhereshehadfoundit.Shekneltdownandgentlyplacedthecubontheground.Thecublookedupatherwithitsbrighteyes,asiftosaythankyou.Then,itturnedandboundedoffintothewoods,disappearingfrom____46____.Lilystoodthereforalongtime,watchingthespotwherethecubhadvanished.Sheknewthatthisexperiencehadchangedherlife.Ithadmadeherevenmoredeterminedtobecomeaveterinarianandtohelpasmanyanimalsasshecould.Fromthatdayon,Lilyworkedevenharderinschool.Shestudied____47____forallherscienceclasses,especiallythoserelatedtobiologyandanimalhealth.Shealsovolunteeredatthelocalanimalshelteronweekends,gettingmoreexperienceintakingcareofdifferentanimals.Herparentsandteacherswere___48____byherdedication.Theycouldseethepassioninhereyesandknewthatshewouldachieveherdreamoneday.AsLilygrewolder,shecontinuedtopursuehergoal.Shewenttocollegetostudyveterinarymedicineandgraduatedwithhonors.Afterthat,sheopenedherownanimalclinicinherhometown,whereshecouldprovidethebestcarefortheanimalsinneed.Manyyearslater,oneday,whileworkingatherclinic,Lilyreceivedastrangevisit.Ayounggirlcameinwithasmall,injuredbirdinherhands.Thegirlwascrying,worriedaboutthebird's___49____Lilyimmediatelytookthebirdandbegantoexamineit.Asshedidso,shecouldn'thelpbutthinkbacktothedaywhenshehadfoundthefoxcub.Shesmiledatthegirlandsaid,"Don'tworry,we'lltakegoodcareofit.JustlikeItookcareofalittlefoxcubwhenIwasyourage."Thegirllookedatherin___50____andasked,"Really?Yousavedafoxcub?"Lilynoddedandtoldherthewholestory.Thegirl'seyeswidenedwithadmiration.ThatmomentmadeLilyrealizehowimportantitwastoshareherexperiences.Shehopedthatbytellingherstory,shecouldinspireotherstocareaboutanimalstoo.Andsheknewthatallthehardworkanddeterminationshehadputinovertheyearshadbeen___51____it.Intheend,Lily'sloveforanimalsnotonlyfulfilledherowndreambutalsohadapositiveimpactonthosearoundher.Shehadbecomearolemodelfortheyounggirlandmanyotherswhowouldcometoherclinic,showingthemthatwithloveanddetermination,anythingwas___52____38.A.specific B.general C.opposite D.random39.A.sank B.raced C.beat D.leapt40.A.hide B.cover C.expose D.clean41.A.caught B.chased C.hunted D.attacke