专题11 阅读理解（语篇类型）（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义浙江专用）（解析版）

专题11阅读理解（语篇类型）目录学考要求速览目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文类试题的命题特点分析进阶分级练必备知识梳理 1点二：集合间的基本关系 4考点四：充分条件与必要条件 6考点五：全称量词与存在量词 7实战能力训练 高考英语阅读理解对语篇类型的考查要求体现了对学生综合语言能力的考查，具体如下：语篇类型多样：高考阅读理解文本涵盖多种体裁，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等。记叙文以人物经历或事件发展为线索，常含“冲突-解决”结构；说明文围绕“现象/概念分析/解释-结论/应用”展开；议论文遵循“论点-论据-结论”逻辑；应用文注重功能性，语言简洁明了，信息层级清晰。能力考查全面：根据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》，高考阅读理解主要考查四项核心能力。一是事实细节理解，要求考生识别并提取文章中的具体信息；二是逻辑推理判断，需要考生根据原文信息推断隐含意义；三是主旨大意概括，即归纳文章或段落的核心思想；四是语境词义猜测，要求考生根据上下文推断生词、短语或句子的含义。命题特点鲜明：阅读材料的选择强调语言的交际原则，题材多样，语言地道，文化含量加大。题型分布以细节理解题为主，推断判断题和主旨大意题的考查呈上升趋势。词汇要求较高，熟词生义频繁出现，语篇较长，长句、难句较多，对考生的阅读速度和信息处理能力要求较高。类型一：应用文【核心考点】信息检索能力：在高考英语阅读理解中，信息检索是解题的核心技能之一。考生需精准定位时间（如具体年份、月份、星期等）、地点（城市、国家、场所名称）、对象（人物身份、机构名称）、要求（任务目标、条件限制）等关键信息。面对“同义替换”类干扰项，需识破题干与原文间词汇的同义转换；对于“信息杂糅”干扰项，则要学会拆分整合，避免被拼凑的错误信息误导。例如，在新闻报道类文本中，常通过时间状语的微妙变化或人物身份的模糊表述设置陷阱，考生可借助划重点、做标记的方法，快速锁定关键信息，提高答题准确率。格式与功能识别：不同文体具有独特的结构特征和功能。对于通知类文本，标题往往点明主题，日期标注能帮助确定信息时效性，而加粗关键词则强调核心内容；广告类文本通常以醒目的标语吸引眼球，搭配具体的产品介绍和优惠活动；指南类文本多采用分点式结构，步骤清晰，便于读者快速获取操作方法。考生需熟练掌握这些文体特征，通过观察标题、副标题、段落首句、特殊符号等元素，迅速判断文本用途，从而更高效地理解文本主旨，筛选出所需信息。例如，看到含有“Notice”“Announcement”字样的标题，即可预判为通知类文本，着重关注其具体事项和要求。简洁句式解码：高考英语阅读理解中常出现省略句、祈使句等简洁实用的句式。省略句往往通过省略主语、谓语等成分，使句子更加精炼，考生需结合上下文补全省略部分，理解完整语义；祈使句则常用于表达命令、建议或请求，语气直接明了。在遇到此类句式时，考生应避免因个别生词而陷入理解困境，学会根据句式结构和常见搭配，忽略无关生词，把握句子核心含义。例如，在广告文案“Limitedtimeoffer!Don'tmissit!”中，通过祈使句的强烈语气，可快速理解其传达的促销信息，即使不认识“offer”一词，也能根据语境推测出大致含义。【典型句式】ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.城市导览团每小时整点从达姆广场出发，每日下午1点开始。你可在MacBike门店购票或在线预订。（考点：地点、时间、方式等细节信息定位）Essays(60%):Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%).论文（60%）：第一篇论文占10%；第二篇占15%；第三篇占15%；第四篇占20%。小组作业（30%）。（考点：数据类信息提取与整合）【解题关键】采用“先题后文”策略，圈出题干中专有名词、数字等定位词，按“题文同序”原则快速匹配原文。类型二：记叙文【核心考点】情节与情感线梳理：通过构建"开端→发展→高潮→结局"的叙事框架，精准定位关键事件节点。重点关注人物对话中的情感词汇（如hesitant、reluctant、convincing），以及描写性语句中蕴含的情感倾向（如"她握紧颤抖的双手，眼中燃起希望的火花"），把握人物从怀疑到认可、从抗拒到接纳的情感转变过程。同时注意情节发展中的伏笔与呼应，如前文提到的"生锈的钥匙"可能在结局中成为解开谜团的关键道具。主题升华识别：着重分析文章结尾处的议论性语句，这些语句往往是作者情感态度和价值观的集中体现。如尾段出现"真正的勇气不是无所畏惧，而是带着恐惧依然前行"，直接点明文本关于勇气的主题；若出现"传统技艺在创新中焕发新生"，则暗示传承与发展的主题。同时留意文中反复出现的意象（如灯塔象征希望，候鸟象征迁徙与回归），这些都可能与文章主题紧密相关。叙事逻辑分析：利用时间状语（如atdawn、adecadelater）和空间转换词（insidetheroom→outsidethewindow）搭建时空脉络，借助转折词（but、however、nevertheless）、因果连词（therefore、consequently）梳理事件的因果链条和逻辑关系。特别注意插叙、倒叙等叙事手法对正常叙事节奏的影响，例如倒叙开头设置悬念，需要将其与后文情节进行整合，还原事件发展的真实顺序。【典型句式】Betweenthegirlmakingmyachievementseemsmallandthepureboredomofjogging,IdecidedthattheonlyreasonI'deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!一边是那个让我的成就显得微不足道的女孩，一边是慢跑带来的纯粹无聊，我断定自己再跑步的唯一原因，就是有大狗在后面追。（考点：人物情感状态与行为动机推断）Murphymightnothaveknownthathersmilewascontagiousandcouldmakeastudent'sdaymuchbetterafterseeingher.墨菲或许不知道，她的微笑具有感染力，能让见到她的学生一整天都变得开心许多。（考点：人物行为的隐含影响与主题提炼）【解题关键】重点标记人物、时间、事件等六要素，尾段出现的形容词、副词常暗示作者情感或主题。类型三：说明文【核心考点】说明对象与逻辑：明确文本围绕的核心概念（如科技、环保），通过思维导图梳理“现象→原因→措施”或“事物特征→用途”的逻辑链。例如在介绍新能源汽车的说明文中，先阐述电动汽车普及的现象，再分析能源危机与政策推动的原因，最后列举车企研发与基础设施建设的应对措施。通过标注信号词（如therefore、consequently）把握段落间的因果、递进关系。长难句解析：针对定语从句、非谓语动词嵌套结构，采用“剥洋葱”法拆解句子。先锁定主句主语、谓语和核心说明对象，再逐步解析修饰成分。例如在句子"Thenewtechnology,whichwasdevelopedbyateamofscientistsafteryearsofresearch,aimstoreducecarbonemissionsby30%."中，主干为"Thenewtechnologyaimstoreducecarbonemissionsby30%"，从句"whichwasdevelopedbyateamofscientistsafteryearsofresearch"补充说明技术的研发背景。建议使用括号标注法，将修饰部分暂时剥离以聚焦核心语义。说明方法识别：通过举例（forexample、suchas）、列数据（具体数字、百分比）、作比较（comparedwith、incontrast）等信号词，识别信息支撑方式。例如在论述人工智能发展的段落中，"In2023,theglobalAImarketsizereached$136billion,a25%increasefromthepreviousyear"使用列数据说明行业规模；"Unliketraditionalalgorithms,deeplearningmodelscanself-optimizethroughcontinuousdatainput"通过对比凸显技术差异。注意识别隐性说明方法，如用具体实验过程暗示举例子的说明方式。【典型句式】Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainidea—toonesrequiringmentalabstraction,suchasdrawinginferences.当实验者从识别文章主旨等简单任务，转向从文本中推断信息等需要抽象思维的任务时，纸质阅读的优势尤为突出。（考点：说明对象的特征与逻辑关系）Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecords,Daru'steamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.达鲁的团队利用包含19亿条记录的全球数据集，测试了这些数据在多大程度上反映了实际的全球生物多样性模式。（考点：说明方法（列数据）与核心信息提取）【解题关键】首尾段常点明说明对象，各段首句多为主题句；遇到长难句时，先划分意群（如用括号法）再抓主干。类型四：议论文【核心考点】论点与论据区分：高考英语阅读中议论文常采用"总-分-总"结构。识别首段核心句，如"Inconclusion,itisevidentthat..."等标志性语句提炼中心论点；中间段多以"Firstly...Secondly..."等逻辑词引入分论点，并结合具体数据（如"Accordingtoarecentsurvey..."）、名人名言（如"AsShakespeareoncesaid..."）或生活实例增强说服力；尾段通过"Insummary"等总结词重申观点，或提出展望。作者态度判断：除转折词和情感词汇外，关注情态动词（must/should）和程度副词（definitely/obviously）的使用。例如，使用"absolutelycrucial"表明强烈支持，"highlyquestionable"暗示质疑态度。部分文本通过反讽（如使用"whatawonderfulidea"表否定）或让步句式（"Although...Istillbelieve..."）委婉表达立场，需结合上下文综合判断。论证逻辑分析：举例论证常伴随"forinstance""suchas"等提示词，需分析案例与论点的关联性；对比论证通过"while""incontrast"等词展开，注意区分对比对象的异同点。部分文本采用因果论证（dueto/therefore）或类比论证（similarly），需梳理论据如何层层递进支撑核心观点，例如通过将教育体系与生态系统类比，阐释教育平衡的重要性。【典型句式】Whiletheappbringsconvenience,italsoraisesprivacyconcerns—whichshowstheauthor'sneutralattitudetowardsthetechnology.这款应用虽带来便利，但也引发了隐私担忧——这体现了作者对该技术的中立态度。（考点：作者态度与论证逻辑）Theycouldhavewrittenpagesoncomputers'necessity,butwritingitselfdidn'tstrikethemasimportant.他们本可以就计算机的必要性写满好几页，但写作本身并未让他们觉得重要。（考点：对比论证与论点提炼）【解题关键】首段找中心论点，中间段关注“foronething...foranother”等分论点信号词，尾段常重申观点。考点精讲讲练1【2025全国I卷】Thegreeningofplanes,trainsandautomobilesMovinggoodsandpeoplearoundtheworldisresponsibleforalargepartofglobalCO2emissions(排放).Astheworldracestodecarbonizeeverything,itfacesparticularproblemswithtransportation—whichaccountsforaboutaquarterofourenergy-relatedgreenhousegasemissions.Here’sthebreakdownoftheemissionsin2018fordifferentmodesoftransport.Thefuelsfortransportneedtobenotjustgreen,cheapandpowerful,butalsolightweightandsafeenoughtobecarriedaround.Eachmodeoftransporthasitsspecificfuelneeds.Muchisstilltobesettled,butherearesomeofthesolutionstogetusgoinggreen.PLANES—SynthetichydrocarbonsThehardestsectortodecarbonizeisaviation.Onelong-termoptionforsustainablefuelforplanesistomakehydrocarbonsfromrecycledair.CARS—BatteriesBatteriesareenergy-efficientandelectriccarscanplugintoexistingsystemsandservices.Newsolid-statebatterieswilltakeacarfartheronasinglecharge.TRAINS—ElectricitySometrainsarealreadyelectrifiedthroughrailsorwires;otherscanbemadeelectricinprettysimpleways.TRUCKS—HydrogenfuelcellsHydrogenfuelcellsarealighterchoicethanbatteriesfortrucks,butmakinggreenhydrogenisexpensive.SHIPS—LiquidammoniaLiquidammoniaiseasytokeepandtransport,butitishardtoignite(点燃)andrequiresanengineredesign.Thisenergytransition(变革)isglobal,andtheamountofrenewableenergytheworldwillneedis“alittlebitmind-blowing,”saysmechanicalengineerKeithWipkeattheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory.It’sestimatedthattheglobaldemandforelectricitycouldmorethandoubleby2050.Fortunately,analysessuggestthatrenewablesareuptothetask.“Weneedtospeedupthedevelopmentofgreenenergy,anditwillallgetused,”saysWipke.21．Whatpercentageofglobaltransportemissionsdidroadvehiclesaccountforin2018?A．11.6%. B．45.1%. C．74.5%. D．86.1%.22．Whichmodeoftransportcangogreencomparativelyeasily?A．Planes. B．Trucks. C．Trains. D．Ships.23．WhatdoesWipkesuggestregardingenergytransition?A．Limitingfuelconsumption. B．Puttingmoreeffortintorenewables.C．Improvingenergyefficiency. D．Makingelectricitymoreaffordable.【答案】21．C22．C23．B【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2018年不同交通方式的温室气体排放占比，以及飞机、汽车等各类交通工具的未来绿色燃料路径。21．细节理解题。根据图表信息ROADVEHICLES部分中“ROAD(PASSENGER)45.1%(道路(客运)45.1%)”以及“ROAD(GOODS)29.4%(道路(货运)29.4%)”可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。故选C项。22．细节理解题。根据图表信息TRAINS—Electricity部分中“Sometrainsarealreadyelectrifiedthroughrailsorwires;otherscanbemadeelectricinprettysimpleways.(一些列车已经通过轨道或电线实现了电气化；其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电动化)”可知，火车相较其他交通方式更易实现绿色化。故选C项。23．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““Weneedtospeedupthedevelopmentofgreenenergyanditwillallgetused,”saysWipke.(Wipke说：“我们需要加速绿色能源的开发，而且这些能源都会被利用起来。”)”可知，Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入，即加大对绿色能源的投入。故选B项。2【2025浙江1月卷】InterlibraryLoan(ILL)providesteachers,studentsandstaffwithaccesstobooksthatarecheckedoutornotownedbyourownlibraries,aswellasdigitizedcopiesofarticlesandbookchaptersfromourcollection.WhoCanBorrow?Currentstudents,teachers(includingretired)andstaffcanrequestitemsthroughILL.Interlibraryloanisnotavailabletoformerstudents,guestborrowersorfee-cardholders.HowLongDoesItTake?Articlesareusuallyreceivedwithin1-2daysandbooksin5-10days.However,obtainingitemsthatarerare,recentlypublishedorinhighdemandmaytakelonger.Tospeeduptheprocess,pleasemakesuretheinformationyousubmitthroughtheILLRequestFormisaccurate.LengthofLoansLoanperiodsareestablishedbythelendinglibrary.Allduedatesarenotedonthelabel.Borroweditemsaresubjecttorecallbythelendinglibrary.Anyrestrictionsestablishedbythelendinglibrarywillbeindicatedonthelabel.Norenewals(续借)areallowedforphysicalitemsborrowedthroughILL.Notification/DeliveryOptionsForaphysicalitem,youwillbenotifiedbyemailwhenitarrives.Itemsarepickedupatoneofourlibraries—theoneyouselectedintheILLRequestForm.Foranarticleorbookchapter,youwillbenotifiedbyemailwhenitisavailable.Toobtainthearticleorchapter,clickonthelinkprovidedintheemailandlogintoyourILLaccount.Onceinyouraccount,selectElectronicArticlesReceived.InterlibraryLoanFeesLibraryTypeLoanCostArticle/ChapterCostNon-ProfitLibraries$15$10For-ProfitLibraries$20$12InternationalLibraries$25$1521．WhocanusetheILLservice?A．Formerstudents. B．Guestborrowers.C．Retiredteachers. D．Fee-cardholders.22．WhatisaruleforborrowingaprintbookthroughILL?A．Payanextrafeefordelivery. B．Renewitbeforetheduedate.C．Pickitupatthelendinglibrary. D．Returnitwhenitisrecalled.23．Howmuchdoyoupayfortwoarticlesobtainedfromaninternationallibrary?A．$15. B．$20. C．$24. D．$30.【答案】21．C22．D23．D【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了图书馆间借阅服务的相关信息。21．细节理解题。根据第二段“Currentstudents,teachers(includingretired)andstaffcanrequestitemsthroughILL.(在校学生、教师（包括退休教师）和工作人员可以通过ILL请求借阅资料。)”可知，退休老师可以使用图书馆间借阅服务。故选C。22．细节理解题。根据第四段“Borroweditemsaresubjecttorecallbythelendinglibrary.(借阅的物品可能会被借出的图书馆召回。)”可知，通过ILL借阅纸质书的规则是被借出的图书馆召回。故选D。23．细节理解题。根据表格中“InternationalLibrariesArticle/ChapterCost$15(国际图书馆文章/章节费用15美元)”可知，从国际图书馆获取两篇文章的费用是15×2=30美元。故选D。3【2025浙江1月卷】WhenIwasachildIwasoftentoldwhatnottoeat.“Youdon’twanttogetfat”wasonconstantrepeatthroughoutmychildhood.Itreallymessedupmyrelationshipwithfood—somethingthattookmeyearstoovercome.Becauseofthis,I’mcarefulnottoconnectwhatmykidsweighwiththeirworthaspeople.Iencouragemydaughtertomakehealthysnackchoicesandoftendissuade(劝阻)herfromaseconddessert.ButonedaywhenIheardhersaying“IthinkI’mtoofat,”myheartsank.Itmademewonderifgivingheradviceonsnackswashavinganunintentionallynegativeimpact.AccordingtoCharlotteMarkey,aprofessorofpsychology,foodisoneoftheraresubjectswhere,asparents,sayinglessismore.“Therearesomanythingsinparentingthataregoodtotalkthrough,butI’mnotconvincedthatfoodisoneofthem,”shesays.“Itjustcreatessomeworriesandinsecuritiesinkidsthataren’tnecessarilyhealthy.”Instead,sherecommendsapplyingawell-knownconceptamongnutritionexpertscalledthe“DivisionofResponsibility,”whereparentsprovideavarietyofmostlyhealthyfoodstotheirkidsatfixedtimes,andthekidsthemselvesdecidewhatandhowmuchtheywanttoconsume—evenifthatmeansoccasionallyeatingmorecookiesthancarrots.Allowingkidstoeatwhattheywantalsoexposesthemtothenaturalconsequencesoftheirdecisions.“Whenyourchildsays,‘Mystomachhurts,’youcansay,‘Wellyouhadalotofsugaryfoodsandyoumightfeelbetterifyoumadesomeotherchoices,’”saysMarkey.“Letthemfeelliketheyhavesomecontroloverit.”I’vebeentryingoutthesestrategiesandI’vefoundthatwhenI’mlessrestrictive,theydomakebetterdecisions.“Feedingisalonggame,”saysMarkey.“Thefoodyouhaveavailablemakesahugedifference.Eveniftheydon’teatit,they’reseeingit.Andthenallofasuddenitclicks.”24．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?A．Sheisupsetbyherkids’weight. B．Sheiscriticalofthewayshewasfed.C．Sheisinterestedinmakingfood. D．Sheisparticularaboutwhatsheeats.25．WhichofthefollowingwouldMarkeydisapproveof?A．Allowingkidstoeatcookiesoccasionally. B．Offeringvariousfoodstokidsatfixedtimes.C．Explainingtokidstherisksoftakingsnacks. D．Talkingwithkidsaboutschoolatmealtimes.26．Whatshouldkidsdoaccordingtothe“DivisionofResponsibility”?A．Makedietdecisionsontheirown. B．Sharetheirfoodwithotherkids.C．Eatupwhatisprovidedforthem. D．Helptheirparentsdothedishes.27．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthestrategiesshehasbeenfollowing?A．Costly. B．Complex.C．Workable. D．Contradictory.【答案】24．B25．C26．A27．C【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者自己因童年时被灌输饮食观念而影响了与食物的关系，心理学家建议家长在饮食上少干预，作者尝试策略后发现孩子能做更好的饮食决策。24．推理判断题。根据第一段中“WhenIwasachildIwasoftentoldwhatnottoeat.‘Youdon’twanttogetfat’wasonconstantrepeatthroughoutmychildhood.Itreallymessedupmyrelationshipwithfood—somethingthattookmeyearstoovercome.(当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常被告知什么不能吃。“你不想变胖”这句话在我整个童年时期不断重复。这真的搞砸了我与食物的关系——这是我花了多年时间才克服的问题)”可知，作者童年时被灌输的饮食观念对其产生了负面影响，由此可推断出，作者对自己童年时被喂养的方式持批判态度。故选B项。25．推理判断题。根据第二段“AccordingtoCharlotteMarkey,aprofessorofpsychology,foodisoneoftheraresubjectswhere,asparents,sayinglessismore.‘Therearesomanythingsinparentingthataregoodtotalkthrough,butI’mnotconvincedthatfoodisoneofthem,’shesays.‘Itjustcreatessomeworriesandinsecuritiesinkidsthataren’tnecessarilyhealthy.’(根据心理学教授夏洛特·马基的说法，食物是为数不多的家长说得少反而更好的话题之一。“在育儿方面，有很多事情值得深入讨论，但我不认为食物是其中之一，”她说。“这只会给孩子们带来一些不必要的担忧和不安全感，这并不健康。”)”可知，马基不赞成家长和孩子过多谈论食物相关的话题，而向孩子解释吃零食的风险属于谈论食物的话题，所以马基不会赞成。故选C项。26．细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead,sherecommendsapplyingawellknownconceptamongnutritionexpertscalledthe‘DivisionofResponsibility,’whereparentsprovideavarietyofmostlyhealthyfoodstotheirkidsatfixedtimes,andthekidsthemselvesdecidewhatandhowmuchtheywanttoconsume—evenifthatmeansoccasionallyeatingmorecookiesthancarrots.(相反，她建议应用营养专家中一个著名的概念，即‘责任划分’，在这个概念中，家长在固定的时间为孩子提供各种主要是健康的食物，而孩子自己决定想吃什么和吃多少——即使这意味着偶尔吃的饼干比胡萝卜多)”可知，根据“责任划分”，孩子应该自己做饮食决策。故选A项。27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I’vebeentryingoutthesestrategiesandI’vefoundthatwhenI’mlessrestrictive,theydomakebetterdecisions.(我一直在尝试这些策略，我发现当我不那么严格限制时，他们确实会做出更好的决策)”可知，孩子们确实会做出更好的决策，所以作者会认为自己所遵循的策略是可行的。故选C项。1AgroundbreakingstudypublishedinTheLancetPublicHealthrevealsthatwalking7,000stepsdailycansignificantlyenhancebrainfunctionandlowertheriskofmajordiseases,challengingthewidelyacceptedbutunscientific10,000-stepstandard.KeyFindings:Afteranalyzingdatafrommorethan160,000adultsglobally,researchersdiscoveredthatcomparedtojust2,000stepsperday,achieving7,000stepsleadsto:•25%lowerriskofheartdisease•6%reducedchanceofcancer•38%decreaseddementiarisk•22%lowerlikelihoodofdepressionLeadresearcherDr.MelodyDingclarifiesthatthe10,000-steptargettracesbacktoa1960sJapanesepedometer(计步器)marketingstrategyratherthanmedicalevidence.HealthExpertOpinions:Dr.DanielBailey(BrunelUniversityLondon)recommends7,000stepsasa“realisticandregular”dailygoal,ratherthanoccasionalintenseefforts.Dr.AndrewScott(UniversityofPortsmouth)advisesthatwhile“moremovementisbetter”,consistencymattersmost.Prof.AzeemMajeed(ImperialCollegeLondon)highlightsthatroutinedailyactivitieslikegardeningorcleaningalsocontributemeaningfullyinthelongrun.PracticalAdvice:Makeitsocial:Walkwithfriends/familytostaymotivatedandenjoyqualitytime.Startsmall:Even4,000dailystepsshowmeasurablehealthimprovementsoverinactivity.Focusonfeelinggood:RegularwalkerJonStrideemphasizesthatmentalwell-beingbenefitsoutweighstrictstepcounts.Whileofficialguidelinesrecommend150weeklyexerciseminutes,thisstudyshowsregular7,000-stepwalkingprovidesmajorhealthbenefits.Thekeyisconsistentmovement—whetherthroughwalking,dailytasks,orotheractivities—withoutoveremphasizingperfectnumbers.Small,sustainableeffortsmaketherealdifference.1．Howmanystepsperdaycansignificantlylowerdiseaserisksaccordingtothestudy?A．2,000steps. B．4,000steps. C．7,000steps. D．10,000steps.2．Whatdohealthexpertsemphasizeinwalkingadvice?A．Impressiverecords. B．Officialguidance.C．Intensivemovement. D．Sustainablehabits.3．Whatisrecommendedtomakewalkingmoreenjoyable?A．Sharingwalkswithfriends. B．Startingwithsmallgoals.C．Focusingonstepcounts. D．SettingMUST-DOdailytasks.2Originallyconstructedasajeeproadbetweenthegunbatteries,theBatteriesLoopTrail(小路)nowprovidesaccesstoandallowsforexplorationofBatterySmith-Guthric,BatteryO’RorkeandBatteryAlexander.TheloopcanbecompletedineitherdirectionfromBatteryAlexander.AlongthetrailonecanexpecttoseeviewsofthePacific,wavescrashinguponRodeoBeachandiftheweatherisparticularlyclear,onecanevenmakeouttheFarallonIslands,some30milesinthedistance.TheBatteryAlexanderTrailheadprovidesaccesstotheBatteriesLoopTrailandadditionalparkingforthePointBonitaLighthouse.BEFOREYOUGOBathroomsAnaccessibletoiletcanbefoundattheBatteryAlexanderparkingarea.AdditionalrestroomscanbefoundattheFieldRd.parkinglot.WaterDrinkingwaterisnotavailablealongthetrail.Avoidbecomingdehydratedorexperiencingheatexhaustion.Drinkplentyanddrinkoften,paceyourself,takebreaksintheshade,andeatsaltysnacks.DogsandTrailEtiquetteLeashed(拴住的)dogsarepermittedontheBatteriesLoopTrail.Pleaseremainontheestablishedtrail.Off-trailtravelharmsplantsandcauseserosion.Alwayskeepyourfoodwithinarm’sreachanddonotfeedthewildlife.Carryoutalltrashandfoodwaste(fruitpeels,shells,etc.).SAFETYTIPSSeeup-to-datewarningsoncurrentparkandtrailconditions.Stayontheestablisedtrail.Keepaneyeoutforpoisonoak.Readourfourseasonguidetopoisonoak.Observewarningsignsandrailings—theseexistforyoursafety.Dressinlayersandbepreparedforvaryingweatherconditions.Sunnydaysalongthecoastcanturnwindy,foggy,andcoldveryfast.ViewourGoldenGateBridgewebcamstoseecurrentconditions.Donotclimbontheconstantbluffsoredges—thesandandrocksarelooseanderodinganddangerous!Peoplehavefallenfromthesecliffs.4．WhatdoestheBatteriesLoopTrailserveas?A．Ajeeproad. B．AroadtotheFarallonIslands.C．Achallenginghikingroute. D．AswimmingspotnearRodeoBeach.5．Whatissuggestedasasafetytip?A．Dressingwarm. B．Climbingonthecoastaledges.C．Exploringoffthetrail. D．Checkingcurrentinformation.6．Whatisthemainpurposeofthistext?A．Toadvertiseanewtouristattraction.B．Tocomparedifferenthikingtrails.C．Towarnagainstdangerouswildlife.D．Toprovideessentialvisitorinformation.3ExercisingLeadership:HarvardXFoundationalPrinciplesDuration4weeks,2-3hoursperweek;startfromNov.5.AboutthiscourseThecrisesofourtimegenerateenormousadaptivechallengesforourfamilies,organizations,communities,andsocieties.Theneedforleadershipthatcanmobilizepeopletomeetthesechallengesandimprovelifeiscritical.Inthisintroductorycourse,youwillexplorestrategiesforleadinginachangingworldwhereadaptivepressureswillcontinuetochallengeallofus.Youwilldiscovernewwaystoapproachcomplexorganizationalsystemsandtakethoughtfulactionontheworkweallfaceahead.Mostimportantly,youwillreflectonhowtomoveforwardontheleadershipchallengesyoucareaboutmost.Ataglance·Institution:HarvardX·SubjectBusiness&Management·Level:Introductory·Language:English·VideoTranscript:English·Associatedskills:LeadershipWhatyou'lllearnInthisshortintroductorycourse,youwilldiscoveradiagnostic-and-actionprocessforexercisingleadershipthatexploresthefollowingfoundationalprinciplesandstrategies:·Howtoidentifyandbreakdowncomplexchallenges.·Howtounderstandtheroleofformalandinformalauthority.·Howtobuildandrenewtrustrelationships.·Howtoapproachconflict.AbouttheinstructorRonaldHeifetz:Founder,CenterforPublicLeadership.7．Whatistheminimumtimerequiredtocompletethiscourse?A．2hours. B．3hours. C．8hours. D．12hours.8．Whoisthecourseintendedfor?A．Individualsfacingleadershipchallenges. B．Experiencedmanagersintechcompanies.C．Professionalsseekingleadershipcertificates. D．Highschoolstudentsplanningtolearnbusiness.9．Whatkeyskilldoesthecourseteach?A．Rebuildingtrustbonds. B．Buildingpersonalauthority.C．Avoidingdailyconflicts. D．Maintainingcomplexsystems.4NewEnglandTreehouses:Fall’sNatureretreatNewEngland’sfalltreehousesmixnaturalbeautywithcomfort,offeringfront-rowseatstored,yellow,andorangefoliage—adelightevenbeyondsippinghotapplecideronaninnporch.Airbnblists270,000globaltreehouses,butNorthAmericaleads:2022-2024bookingsrose65%.JamesRoth,a25-yeartreehousedesigner,notes80%ofclientsbuildforrentals:“Escapingphoneaddiction—findingdisconnectionfromscreens—attractspeoplemost.”Itshardwoodsprovidesolidbasesandvibrantautumnhues,makingitatopspot.Winvian,Litchfield,ConnecticutWinvian’stwo-storytreehouseperches35feetup,nestedinbeechandmapletrees.The113-acreestatebordersahistoricwildlifesanctuary.Inside,jettedtubsandgasfireplacesaddluxury;guestsbiketothemainhouseforchefChrisEddy’sfoliage-themedmealsortothespaformassages.MinkCove,Wareham,MassachusettsTuckedinanAtlanticinlet,MinkCovebeganasasketchbyButchRipleyandhis8-year-olddaughter,thenbuiltfromsalvagedwood.Cozywithtwinklelights,ithasaprivateoutdoorshowerandoceanscents—allsurroundedbyfall’sredandblackoaks.TwinFarm,Barnard,VermontNearSilverLakeandahistoricstore,TwinFarm’streehousesfollow“blendwithnature”logic.Guestsenteratgroundleveltoreach20-footdecks.Post-sunset,agasfireplacewarms;byday,peoplecanhiketoDoug’sTreehouseFollyforapicnicamidVermont’sfallcolors.TiffanyHillTreehouse,Sunapee,NewHampshireA5-minutedrivefromMountSunapeePark,thistwo-bedroomtreehouseleansonastrongoak.Ithasradiantheat,apropanefireplace,akitchen,andaporchpulleyforgroceries—idealforfamilies.Fallsurroundsitwithyellowandorangeconifers,oaks,andbirches.EachtreehouseturnsNewEngland’sfallintoanunforgettablestay,mergingautumn’smagicwithjustenoughcomfort.10．WhatmainlydrawspeopletoNewEngland’streehousesaccordingtoJamesRoth?A．Watchingfallfoliage. B．Sippinghotcider.C．Enjoyingcomfortablefacilities. D．Stayingawayfromscreens.11．WhatdoWinvianandTwinFarmshaveincommon?A．Theybothofferexperienceofcycling. B．Theybothprovideaccesstospaservices.C．Theybothhavegasfireplacesforwarmth. D．Theybothfeatureprivateoutdoorshowers.12．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Anoutdoorlifestyleblog. B．Atravelmagazinearticle.C．AnAirbnbrentalpromotion. D．Alocalbusinessadvertisement.5Holdingmyhands,mygrandparentsboardedagreen-skinnedtraininHangzhou,whichrockedandswayedfortwenty-fivehoursstraighttoUlanqab(乌兰察布市),InnerMongolia.Thisismychildhoodmemoryofreturninghome.Asthetrainjourneyednorth,thesceneryoutsidethewindowgraduallytransformedfromthegentlecharmofthesouthtothevastopennessofthenorth.Everythingfeltsobeautiful,eventheclamor(喧闹)insidethecarriagecarriedawarmth.Beforedawnthenextday,Ipressedmyforeheadagainstthefoggedglass,watchingthedistantsunrisebreakthroughthehorizon.Itseemedasthoughthemorningsunhadrisensolelytowelcomeourreturn.Afterstartingelementaryschool,tripsbacktomyhometowngrewsparse,andthatdirecttrainquietlycloseddown.Therailsrustedintodottedlinesinmemory,andmyhometownbecameafaintshadowonaphotographicnegative(照相底片).Then,lastyear,Grandpapassedaway,andthefrequencyofreturninghomesuddenlysurged.Yet,thejourneynolongerheldtheleisurelycomfortofchildhooditbecamealong,exhaustingjourney.Werushedtotheairportbeforedaybreak,weigheddownbyluggagecheck-ins.Thecrampedcabinandturbulentaircurrentsaddeddiscomfort,whilenavigatingthemaze-likeairportandenduringhoursofroadtravelleftusarrivingundercompletelydarkskies.Therewasnotimetoadmirethescenery,letalonetheendlessseaofcloudsoutsidetheairplanewindow.Thisyear,uponhearingthatthelong-suspendedtrainhadresumedoperation,anindescribableexcitementwelledupinmyheart.Amonthago,Ifinallyboardedthislong-missedtrainagain.Asnightfell,thetrainslowlysetoff.Thefamiliarvoicesinthecarriage,minglingwiththerhythmicclatterofwheelsagainsttracks,blendedintoanostalgiclullaby(怀旧的摇篮曲).Lyingonthebunk,Ifeltthegentleswayofthetrain,asthoughcradledinthearmsofMotherEarth...Yearshaveblurredthedetailsofmymemory,andIhavesketcheditonebyonewithmyimagination.Finally,thetrainarrivedatmyhometown.ThemomentImetmygrandma,thelong-accumulatedyearninginmyheartburstoutlikeatidalstreamnow...13．Whydoestheauthordescribethetrainjourneyinherchildhood?A．Tocomparethetrainjourneywithairtravel.B．Toshowtheinconvenienceoftravelingbytrain.C．Toemphasizethelongdistancetoherhometown.D．Tohighlightthebeautyandwarmthofthetrainjourney.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sparse”inparagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Rare. B．Frequent. C．Regular. D．Complex.15．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsmoderntravelbyair?A．Indifferent. B．Grateful. C．Dissatisfied. D．Enthusiastic.16．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforth