专题09阅读理解说明文精读定位比对分析（题型专练）（原卷版）

专题09阅读理解说明文目录第一部分题型解码高屋建瓴，掌握全局第二部分考向破译微观解剖，精细教学典例引领方法透视变式演练考向01细节理解题考向02推理判断题【重难】考向03词义猜测题考向04主旨大意与段落作用题第三部分综合巩固整合应用，模拟实战题型简介上海高考英语阅读理解说明文是必考体裁，占阅读理解板块20%30%，选材贴合上海本地教学大纲，多来自2025年徐汇、浦东等区模考及市重点校模拟题，涵盖科技发明、社会现象、文化习俗、学术研究等主题。文本特征鲜明，以客观说明为核心，语言严谨、逻辑清晰，多采用总分、分总或因果递进结构，常出现专业术语但搭配通俗解释。题型侧重考查考生对细节的精准捕捉、推理判断及主旨归纳能力，注重与上海高考“强调语言应用、贴近现实场景”的命题导向契合，是检验考生逻辑思维和文本解读能力的核心题型。设题类型上海高考英语说明文设题围绕“理解+应用”分层设计，核心分为4类：一是细节理解题（占比40%50%），考查对具体数据、事实、概念的定位，如2025年杨浦一模题中对“人工智能垃圾分类系统工作步骤”的提问；二是主旨大意题，要求概括段落或全文主旨，常以“Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthepassage?”形式呈现；三是推理判断题，需基于原文信息推断隐含意义，避免主观臆断，如推断作者态度、某现象的影响；四是词义猜测题，考查对专业术语或陌生词汇的语境理解，多结合上下文举例、定义进行命题。此外，偶尔涉及“指代判断题”“段落作用题”，贴合上海高考对文本深度解读的要求。命题方式上海高考英语说明文命题严格遵循《上海高考英语考试说明》，具有鲜明地域特色和规律性。命题素材优先选取近12年上海各区模考（如闵行、长宁）及复旦附中、上海中学等校模拟题的改编文本，确保题材贴近上海考生认知。命题时注重“细节定位清晰、推理有据可依、主旨贴合文本”，避免无依据的主观设问。题干设计简洁明确，选项干扰性强，常设置“偷换概念”“扩大范围”“过度推理”等陷阱（如2025年普陀一模题中混淆“实验现象”与“实验结论”）。同时，命题侧重考查文本逻辑关系，如因果、对比、例证等，与上海高考强调“逻辑思维能力”的命题趋势高度契合。解题思路解答上海高考英语说明文需遵循“先梳结构、再抓细节、最后验逻辑”的思路。第一步，快速浏览全文，标注段落主旨句（多在首句/尾句），理清文本结构（总分、分总等），把握核心说明对象；第二步，审题时圈画题干关键词（如人名、数字、术语），根据关键词定位原文对应段落，精准捕捉细节信息，避免通读全文浪费时间；第三步，解答推理题和主旨题时，立足原文信息，排除主观臆断和干扰选项，结合上海模考常见陷阱（如偷换概念）进行验证；第四步，做完后快速复盘，检查答案是否与文本逻辑一致，尤其注意细节题的答案是否与原文表述完全匹配，确保解题过程“有依据、不主观”。考向01细节理解题【例11】（2025年上海市嘉定区高三二模）Beyondtechnologicaldrivers,socioeconomicshiftshavefurtherspedupthistransition.Thedeclineoflongtermjobstability,worsenedbyautomationandglobaloutsourcing,hasledtoadeclineinconventionalemploymentmodels.Meanwhile,societyisbeingincreasinglypolarizedbetweenthosewhopossessfinancialcapitalbutlacktimeandthosewithavailabilitybutlimitedfinancialmeans.Theondemandeconomyservesasamechanismthroughwhichthesetwogroupscanexchangevalueefficiently.Whichofthefollowingisadrivingforceoftheeconomictransitionintroducedinthepassage?A.Peopletendtohaveeithermoneyortime.B.Businessflexibilitybenefitsworkersequally.C.Fulltimeemployeesarebeinglessavailable.D.Automationisgraduallyreplacedbyglobaloutsourcing.关键词定位法抓核心信息：圈画题干中的时间、地点、专有名词等关键信息，快速在原文中找到对应段落和句子。比如题干问某设备的续航时间，同义替换比对法辨正误：选项常对原文内容进行同义改写，需注意名词与代词、动词与短语的替换。并列信息梳理法解多元细节：若题干涉及多个细节点，如原因、作用等，可梳理原文中的并列连词（and、inaddition等）连接的内容，逐一匹配选项，避免遗漏关键信息。数字与限定词核对法防偏差：说明文常含数据、范围等限定内容，解题时需核对选项中数字、程度词是否与原文一致。【变式11】（2025年上海市浦东新区高三二模）produce...eninghasgainedpopularityinrecentyearsaspeopleseektoconnectwithnatureandgrowtheirownfoodinthemidstofthecity.Oneofthemainadvantagesofurbangardeningistheaccesstofresh,organicproduce...Urbangardeningalsopromotesenvironmentalsustainability.Itreducestheneedfortransportingfoodfromdistantfarms,thusdecreasingcarbonemissions.Inaddition,greenspacesinthecityhelptoimproveairqualityandreducetheurbanheatislandeffect.Moreover,itprovidesasenseofmunity.Howdoesurbangardeningpromoteenvironmentalsustainability?A.Byincreasingcarbonemissions.B.Byreducingtheneedforlongdistancefoodtransportation,improvingairquality,andreducingtheurbanheatislandeffect.C.Byhavingnoimpactontheenvironment.D.Bycausingmorepollution.【变式12】（2025年上海七宝中学高三5月月考）Technology...kilometers...eighingjust1.8kilograms,hasbeendevelopedbytheTaishanCulturalTourismGroupincooperationwithKenqingTechnology...Theroboticexoskeletoncanfunctionnonstopformorethanfivehoursonasinglecharge,coveringapproximately14kilometers...addingthattheestimatedcostislessthan10,000yuanapiece.Whichofthefollowingdetailsabouttheroboticexoskeletonistrue?A.Itweighs18kilograms.B.Itcanworkcontinuouslyforoverfivehourspercharge.C.Itcovers140kilometersononecharge.D.Itsestimatedcostis10,000yuaneach.【变式13】（2025年上海市浦东新区高三二模）Urbangardeninghasgainedpopularityinrecentyearsaspeopleseektoconnectwithnatureandgrowtheirownfoodinthemidstofthecity.Oneofthemainadvantagesofurbangardeningistheaccesstofresh,organicproduce.Gardeningenthusiastscangrowavarietyoffruits,vegetables,andherbsinsmallspaces,suchasbalconies,rooftops,ormunitygardens.Whatkindofproducecanbegrowninurbangardens?A.Onlyflowers.B.Fruits,vegetables,andherbs.C.Onlygrains.D.Noproducecanbegrowninurbanareas.考向02推理判断题【例21】（2025年上海市静安区高三二模）MUSEUMSusedtostandforsomethingboringandbarelyrelevanttoreallife.Thosekindsofplacesstillexist,buttherearefarfewerofthem,andthemoresuccessfuloneshavechangedoutofallrecognition.Tobesure,museumsremainshowcasesforcollectionsandwarehouseofvaluables,buttheyhavealsobeepitsofpopulardebatesandplaceswherechildrengoforsleepovers.Theyarenolongerplaceswherepeoplelookoninfearbutwheretheylearnandargue,astheywouldatuniversitiesorartschools.NicholasSerotadescribesthemuseumas“aforumasmuchasatreasurebox”.Bydescribingthemuseumas“aforumasmuchasatreasurebox”,NicholasSerotaimpliesthat____A.museumsnowdisplayobjectsmuchrelevanttolifeB.museumsprovidechancesfordiscussionandstorepreciousobjectsC.thevalueoftheobjectskeptinmuseumscausesdebateD.museumsregardsleepovervisitorsasnewtreasure立足原文找推理依据：推理需以文本细节为根基，不可脱离原文凭空猜测。优先定位题干相关的句子及上下文，标记数据、观点、因果关系等关键信息，以此作为推理的核心支撑。解读隐含逻辑链：说明文常通过因果、转折、对比等逻辑呈现内容。比如遇到“however”“thus”等连词时，要重点分析前后句的逻辑关系，如转折后内容可能暗示前文观点的局限性，因果关系中可由结果反推隐含原因。精准把控语气与态度：关注作者对说明对象的表述用词，若多用“remarkably”“effectively”等褒义词，可推断作者持肯定态度；若出现“problematic”“unfortunately”等词，大概率隐含否定或担忧的态度。排除显性与错误选项：直接摘抄原文内容的选项多非正确答案，因其无需推理；同时排除与原文细节相悖、范围扩大或缩小的选项，聚焦符合逻辑推导的选项。【变式21】（2025年上海市浦东新区高三二模）Ifanything,highlightingAI'sroleinscience,theNobelmitteealsorevealeditsownuntimelyapproach.AlfredNobel's1895visionrewardedtheindividualgeniusplantingflagsinPhysics,Chemistry,andMedicine.Buttoday'schallenges,suchasclimatechange,cancer,extinction,don'trespectthoseboundaries.Rareisthepurechemistorbiologist;monisthegeochemist,theputationalevolutionarytheorist.AIismakingthesedivisionslessdistinct,linkingvastdatasetsacrossdisciplinesandboostingunexpectedcooperation.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheNobelmittee'sapproach?A.Itfitsperfectlywithmodernscientificresearch.B.Itfocusesmoreoninterdisciplinarycooperation.C.Itisnotsuitablefortoday'sprehensivescientificchallenges.D.IthasbeenupdatedtoadapttoAI'sdevelopment.【变式22】（2025年上海市七宝中学高三5月月考）Microplasticsareverysmallpiecesofplastic,smallerthan5millimeters.Theyefrombiggerplasticitemsbreakingdown,likeshoppingbags,takeoutcontainers,anddrinkbttles.Thesetinybitscangetintowater,soilandairandtheycanmoveupthefoodchainanddepositinourbody.Afterjustoneday,researcherscouldseethatthemicroplasticshadmovedthroughthemice’sstomachs,gotintotheirbloodandendedupintheirhair.Aftertwomonths,themicethatdrankwaterwithagedmicroplasticshadmoredamagedskinandfallinghairthanthosewithnewmicroplastics.Whatcanweinferaboutmicroplasticsfromtheresearchonmice?A.Newmicroplasticsareharmlesstolivingcreatures.B.Microplasticscanspreadinorganismsandcauseharm.C.Agedmicroplasticsonlydamagetheskinandhairofanimals.D.Microplasticstakemonthstoenterthebloodofanimals.【变式23】（2025年上海市虹口区高三二模）Ofcourse,therearetypicallymanyparticipantsinthepricingprocess:Accountingprovidescostestimates;marketingmunicatesthepricingstrategy;salesprovidesspecificcustomerinput;productionsetssupplyboundaries;andfinanceestablishestherequirementsfortheentirepany'sfinancialhealth.Inputfromdiversesourcesisnecessary.However,problemsarisewhenthephilosophyofwideparticipationiscarriedovertothepricesettingprocesswithoutstrongcoordinatingmechanisms.Whatcanbeinferredfromthewideparticipationinthepricingprocess?A.Decisionmakingrequiresgatheringprehensiveinformation.B.Thecoordinatingmechanismwon'tworkwithoutalotofinput.C.Potentialcustomersareeasilyupsetatanystageoftheprocess.D.Thepanylosesmoneyunlesseveryoneintendsforthebest.考向03词义猜测题【例31】（2025年上海市普陀区高三一模）Botany,onceacoresubjectinmanyuniversities,hasseenasharpdeclineinrecentyears.Onemajorissueistheshiftofresearchfunding.Previously,alargeportionoffundsfromtheNationalScienceFoundationwasallocatedtobotanyprojects.Now,mostfundinghasbeenredirectedtomedicalandtechnologicalresearch.Anotherproblemisthewidespread"plantblindness"amongthepublic.Ecologicalrestorationprojectsaresufferingbecauseofthelackofprofessionalswhocanidentifyandprotectrareplantspecies.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“plantblindness”mostprobablymean?A.ThedifficultyincuringplantdiseasesB.ThelackofinterestinbotanycoursesC.TheinabilitytonoticeandvalueplantsD.Theshortageofplantprotectionequipment定义解释定位法：若生词后有thatis、inotherwords等引导词，或破折号、括号等标点，其后内容多为该词的定义或解释。比如原文中“Plantblindness,namelytheinabilitytonoticeplantsinone'senvironment,isbeingmon”，可通过“namely”后的内容猜出“plantblindness”指“植物盲”。逻辑关系推导法：借助转折（but、however）、并列（and、also）等逻辑词推断词义。遇到转折词时，生词含义常与前文内容相反；遇到并列词时，词义多与相邻词汇相近。例如“Hisplanispragmaticratherthanidealistic”，通过“ratherthan”可推断“pragmatic”与“idealistic（理想化的）”含义相反，即“务实的”。举例归纳法：当生词后有suchas、forexample等词引出例子时，可通过例子归纳生词的范畴。如“Manyaquaticcreatures,includingfish,turtlesanddolphins,areaffectedbywaterpollution”，由例子可猜出“aquaticcreatures”指“水生生物”。指代对象溯源法：针对it、they等代词类猜测题，需向前追溯前文提及的人或事物，结合主谓一致、逻辑搭配确定指代对象，避免混淆指代主体。【变式31】（2025年上海市闵行区高三一模）TheconversationaltoneofanAIchatbotorvoicebasedassistantisagoodwaytolearnnewconcepts,butitmayactuallymakeusmorewillingtobelieveinaccuracies,paredwithinformationpresentedinastaticarticle.However,DurianPersonalitiesofferacure:Its“unapproachability”beesafilteringmechanism,avoidingfrivoloussocialinteractionsandencouragingdeeperengagementinvaluableinterpersonalconnections.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“frivolous”inthepassageprobablymean?A.RegularB.UnnecessaryC.NonprofitableD.Timeconsuming【变式32】（2025年上海七宝中学高三5月月考）Thenewenergystoragesystemadoptsamodulardesign,whichallowsforeasyexpansion.Forinstance,asmallscaleunitcanpower5households,andaddingtwomoremodulescandoubleitscapacity.Thisscalabilitymakesthesystemsuitableforbothruralareasandurbanmunitieswithvaryingenergydemands.Theunderlinedword“scalability”inthepassagemostprobablymeans____A.TheabilitytobeadjustedinsizeorcapacityB.ThequalityofbeingenvironmentallyfriendlyC.ThefeatureofbeingeasytoinstallD.Thecharacteristicoflowenergyconsumption【变式33】（2025年上海市松江区高三二模）Urbanheatislandsformwhenbuiltupareasabsorbmoresolarradiationthansurroundingruralregions.Thisphenomenonintensifiesinsummer,asconcreteandasphaltretainheatlongerthansoilandvegetation.Tomitigatethiseffect,citiesareplantingmoretreesandinstallinggreenroofs.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”inthepassagemean?A.StrengthenB.AnalyzeC.ReduceD.Ignore考向04主旨大意与段落作用题【例41】（2025年上海市浦东新区高三二模）TheWorldofUrbanGardeningUrbangardeninghasgainedpopularityinrecentyearsaspeopleseektoconnectwithnatureandgrowtheirownfoodinthemidstofthecity.Oneofthemainadvantagesofurbangardeningistheaccesstofresh,organicproduce.Gardeningenthusiastscangrowavarietyoffruits,vegetables,andherbsinsmallspaces,suchasbalconies,rooftops,ormunitygardens.Urbangardeningalsopromotesenvironmentalsustainability.Itreducestheneedfortransportingfoodfromdistantfarms,thusdecreasingcarbonemissions.Inaddition,greenspacesinthecityhelptoimproveairqualityandreducetheurbanheatislandeffect.Moreover,itprovidesasenseofmunity.munitygardensbringpeopletogether,fosteringsocialinteractionandasharedsenseofresponsibilityfortheenvironment.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.ThewaystogroworganicproduceinurbanareasB.ThechallengesofdevelopingmunitygardensC.ThegrowingpopularityofgardeninginruralregionsD.Themultiplebenefitsofurbangardening主旨大意题解题方法标题/首尾句定位法：说明文主旨常浓缩在标题或首尾段，段落主旨多在段首句。快速浏览这些关键位置，可初步锁定核心话题，比如介绍某类技术的文章，首段常点明技术名称及核心价值。高频词提炼法：文中反复出现的名词、名词短语大概率是说明对象，围绕其展开的核心内容就是主旨。例如全文多次提及“urbangardening”，且围绕其优势展开，主旨就与城市园艺的价值相关。逻辑词串联法：借助“firstly”“moreover”“inaddition”等递进词，梳理文章分论点，整合分论点即可得出主旨，避免遗漏关键要点。段落作用题解题方法段首段作用：多为引出说明对象，常通过现象、例子或设问开篇，激发读者兴趣，同时奠定全文说明基调。段中段作用：多为过渡衔接，既承接前文提及的观点，又通过“however”“furthermore”等逻辑词引出下文新内容；也可能是补充细节，用数据、例子支撑前文论点。段尾段作用：多为总结全文，重申说明对象的意义或影响；部分段落会提出建议、展望，升华主题，或引发读者对相关问题的思考。【变式41】（2025年上海市松江区高三二模）Prolongedsittinghaslongbeenlinkedtoaseriesofhealthrisks,includingobesityandheartdisease.However,arecentstudyconductedbytheUniversityofMilanhasofferedasimplesolution.Theresearchteamdivided50volunteersintotwogroups.Onegroupsatcontinuouslyfor4hours,whiletheothergrouptook1030secondwalkingbreaksevery10minutesduringthe4hourperiod.Theresultsshowedthatthegroupwithwalkingbreaksincreasedtheirenergyconsumptionbyupto60%paredwiththecontinuoussittinggroup.Theresearchersexplainedthatevenshortwalkingbreakscanactivatemusclesthatremainidlewhensitting,whichinturnboostsmetabolicrate.Thisfindingprovidesapracticalwayforofficeworkersandotherpeoplewhohavetositforlonghourstoimprovetheirhealthwithoutspendingextratimeonexercise.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.AstudyprovingtheharmofprolongedsittingB.AsimplemethodtoreducehealthrisksfromlongsittingC.TherelationshipbetweenmetabolicrateandmuscleactivityD.Theimportanceofexerciseforofficeworkers'health【变式42】（2025年上海市宝山区高三一模）Smarthomedeviceshavebeeincreasinglymoninmodernfamilies,butmanyelderlypeoplestillstruggletousethem.Toaddressthisproblem,atechpanyhasdevelopedasimplifiedsmarthomesystemtailoredtotheelderly.Thesystemreplacesplexoperationinterfaceswithlargebuttoncontrollersandvoicemandsthatsupportdialects.A3monthtrialinvolving80elderlyresidentsinamunityshowedthat75%ofthemcouldproficientlyusethesystemafterjustoneweek.Thesystemcanautomaticallyadjustroomtemperature,reminduserstotakemedicine,andcallfamilymembersincaseofemergency.Inthefinalsurvey,mostparticipantssaidthesystemmadetheirdailylifemuchmoreconvenient.Thefirstparagraphmainlyservesto____Thefirstparagraphmainlyservesto____A.introduceaproblemandacorrespondingsolutionB.criticizeelderlypeopleforbeingslowtolearnnewtechnologyC.paredifferentsmarthomesystemsonthemarketD.provethepopularityofsmarthomedevicesamongfamilies【变式43】（2025年上海市闵行区高三二模）Couldapillmakesocialsituationsfeellessthreatening?That'sthefocusofaclinicalexperimentthatCacioppoisoverseeing.Forayearandahalf,96lonelybuthealthysubjectshavebeentakingacertainamountofpregnenolone,achemicalsubstanceassociatedwithmemoryenhancementandstressreduction.Thegoaloftheresearchistoseehowbalancingpregnenolonelevelsaffectsthesubjects.Thepillcouldhelpreducethefearthatmakeslonelypeoplewithdrawandactmorecalmlyinsocialsituations.It'slikedrivinginthewinterwhenyoucan'tseeclearly.Thepillcanclearyourview,helpingyouseethingsclearlyinsteadoffeelingafraidofeveryone.Thenyoubeemorewillingtolistentoothers.Besides,theresearchalsorecordschangesinthesubjects'hormonelevelsandsocialinteractionfrequencyeverymonth.Whatisthefunctionofthethirdparagraph?A.ToexplaintheprincipleofhowthepillworksB.TolistthesideeffectsoftakingthepillC.TointroducethebackgroundoftheexperimentD.Tosummarizetheoverallresultoftheresearch1（2025·上海奉贤·三模）Thefactthatyourhairturnsgreybecauseofstressisnothingmorethananoldwives’tale.It’struethatstressisn’tgoodforyou,butit’snotgoingtoturnyouintoasilverforjustyet.Infact,theansweresfromthecellsinyourhair.Thesearewhatdeterminethecolorandeventually,thefadetogrey.Mostofusstarttonoticeourfirstgreyhairsbythetimewehitourthirties.Ageneralruletogobyisthatbytheageof50,halfofthepopulationwillhavelostthecolorin50percentoftheirhair.Butwhydoesithappen?Firstly,weneedtounderstandhowhairgetsitscolor.Yourhairismadeupofcellscalledmelanocytes(黑色素细胞)whichproducepigments(色素)astheygrowintothehairfiber.Therearetwodifferenttypesofmelanins(黑色素):eumelanins(真黑色素)andpheomelanins(类黑色素).Theformerproducesblackandbrownpigments,whilethelatterproducesredandyellowpigments.Theexactamountofthesepigmentsdetermineswhetherapersonhasblack,brown,blondeorredhair.Asweage,theabilityofthemelanocytestoproducemorepigmentsweakens.Thatisbecauseourhairgrowsindifferentphases.Thegrowingphaselastsbetweenthreeandfiveyears,afterwhichourfollicles(毛囊)turnoffforaboutthreemonthstorestandgetreadytogrowmorehairs.Thisgoesroundandroundand,afteratime,ourbodiesaren’tasgoodatproducingnewhairs.Scientistsarecontinuingtotryandfindwaystopreventgreyinghair.AteamofscientistsinFranceisworkingtotryandstopthemelanocytesfrombeingdamagedattheendofeachhaircycle.Theyaretryingtouseaspecialenzyme(酶)toprotectthecellsfromdamage.Ifsuccessful,itcouldleadthewayfornewproductsthatkeepourlocksfullofcolorforyearstoe.1．Whatdoesthephase“anoldwives’tale”inparagraph1probablymeans?A．Anincorrectbelief B．AuselesstalkC．Ascientificrule D．Ahelpfulexperience2．Whatdoweknowaboutredhair?A．Itdoesn’tturngreyaspeoplegetolderB．ItcontainsmorepheomelaninsthaneumelaninsC．Theamountofpigmentsinitdoesn’tchangeovertimeD．Peoplewithredhairhaveweakerabilitytoproducepigments.3．WhatdotheFrenchscientistsaimtodo?A．Torepairdamagedhairfollicles.B．ToprotecthaircellsagainstdamageC．Toshortenthehaircycletoprotectthehair.D．Tostudytherelationshipbetweenhealthandhaircolor.4．Whatcanweinferfromthearticle?A．Greyhairhasnothingtodowithstress.B．Greyhairisasymbolofdeclininghealth.C．Ittakesthreemonthsfornewhairtogrow.D．Thegrowthandcolorchangeofhairdependoncells.2（2025·上海·三模）In1988,AbelardoMorell,aCubanbornphotographerandteacher,transformedanordinaryclassroominBostonintosomethingextraordinary.Hecoveredthewindowswithblackplastic,leavingonlyasmallholeinthematerial.Whathappenednextamazedhisstudents—anupsidedownimageoftheworldoutsideappearedonthebackwall,asifbymagic.Peoplewalkingonthestreet,trees,andcarswereallprojectedinsidethedarkenedroom.Thiseffectiscreatedusingadevicecalledacameraobscura,whichmeans“darkroom”inLatin.Itisoneoftheoldestformsofimagemaking,datingbacktoancienttimes.ArtistslikeLeonardodaVinciandscientistssuchasAristotlestudiedthisfascinatingphenomenon.Whenlightpassesthroughasmallholeintoadarkspace,itreflectsandprojectstheoutsidescene,buttheimageappearsupsidedown.Thiseffectamazedearlythinkersandeventuallyledtotheinventionofthemoderncamera.Morellwassoinspiredbythereactionsofhisstudentsthathedecidedtotakephotographsoftheimagesinsidethecameraobscura.Aftermanyexperimentsinhishome,includingusinghisson’sbedroomasatestspace,hedevelopedatechniquetocapturethesedreamlikesceneswitharealcamera.Theresultswereamazing.Morell’sphotographsshowedauniquemixoftheoutsideworldlayeredoverordinaryindoorsettings—suchasalivingroomorbedroom—makingthemlooklikescenesfromadream.Thismomentmarkedthebeginningofanewartisticdirectionforhim.Sincethen,hehascreatedmanypowerfulandcreativeimagesbyturningroomsintocameras.Morelllaterbuiltaportable(可以携带的)cameraobscurathatcouldbeusedanywhere—fromrooftopsinNewYorktodesertlandscapes.Hisgoalistohelppeopleseetheworldinnewways.Bybiningscience,art,andimagination,hisworkencouragesviewerstopauseandreflectonthebeautyandmysteryofeverydaysurroundings.5．WhathappenedwhenMorellcoveredthewindowsandmadeasmallholeintheclassroom?A．Theoutsideviewappearedinside. B．Theroomfilledwithstrangeshadows.C．Theoutsideviewwasvisiblebutunclear. D．Theroomturnedpletelydarkandquiet.6．Theartistsarementionedinparagraph2inorderto_____.A．explainwhofirstcameupwiththecameraobscuraB．highlightthatMorell’sideawaspletelyoriginalC．paremodernphotographywithclassicalartstylesD．showthelonghistoryandartisticvalueofthetechnique7．WhydidMorellcontinuedevelopinghiscameraobscuraphotographyaftertheclassroomexperiment?A．Hisstudents’excitementencouragedhimtogofurther.B．Hewantedtosharetheresultswithotherphotographers.C．Hisinterestinmakingcreativeimagesamazedhisfamily.D．Hewasinvitedtopresenttheprojectinotherclassrooms.8．WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofMorell’sphotos?A．Theyaretakenusingmirrorsandglasssurfaces.B．Theyarechangedwithspecialdigitaltechnology.C．Theyhighlighthumansettingswithoutanyaddedeffects.D．Theybinescenesfromdailylifewithprojectedviews.3（2025·上海·三模）Twobillionpeoplealreadyeatbugsaspartoftheirregulardiet,accordingtotheUnitedNation’sFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO).MostpeopleinEurope,however,rejecttheideaofentomophagy,thetechnicaltermforthehumanconsumptionofinsects.IfcitizensofEuropearegoingtohavetostarteatinginsectstofightworldhunger,astheFAOhassuggested,somebodywillhavetopersuadethemthatitisagoodidea.Themainbarriertotheproposalisconsumerdisgust.Aplateoflocusts(蝗虫)inasalad,wheretheylookasiftheyareabouttojumpupatyou,ismorelikelytoputEuropeandinersofftheirfoodthanencouragethemtotryit.Oneapproachtodealingwiththisobstacleistohidetheinsectscontainedinthefoodbymakingthemintoapowdertomake‘proteinflour’.ThisprocessisalreadyunderwayataninsectfarminMalaga,Spain,whichmakesfishmealforfishfarmsontheAndalusiancoast.However,therearethosewhowouldratherseeinsectsservedintheiroriginalshapeandform.ReneRedzepi,chefandcofounderoftheworld’smostfashionablerestaurant,NomainCopenhagen,regularlyincludesinsectsonthemenu.Redzepi’sresearchunit,NordicFoodLab,doesexperimentsintoinsect‘deliciousness’.Researchersatthelabbelievethateatingbugsispartofawidermovetowardsdiversifyingthefoodsupply.ThefactthataprestigiousestablishmentlikeNomaservesbugstoitsdiners,whopayaround€200aheadforthetastingmenu,goessomewayindispellingthemyththatinsectsarejustmeatforthosewhodon’thavemoney.Despitethedislikeforinsects,economicsanddemographicsmakeitallbutinevitablethattheWesternworldwillultimatelystarteatingthem.Insectmarketersarelookingtosushiforinspiration.IntheUK,peopleinitiallyhadproblemswithitbecausetheyweren’tusedtoeatingrawfish.Butinthirtyyears,ithasgonefrombeingrelativeunknowntobeingavailableineverysupermarket.Ifthesamecanbedonewithinsects,thenthebattleagainstworldhungermaybewon.However,thiswillonlybeachievedifthetopchefscaneupwithrecipesforusingthischeapsourceoffoodindishesthatappealtothegeneralpublic.9．WhatisonemethodmentionedinthepassagetomakeinsectsmoreacceptabletoEuropeandiners?A．Servingthemrawlikesushi.B．Processingthemintoapowder.C．Cookingthemwithexpensivespices.D．Mixingthemwithfishinsalads.10．WheredoesReneRedzepi’srestaurant,Noma,sourceitsresearchoninsect‘deliciousness’?A．TheUnitedNation’sFoodandAgricultureOrganization.B．AninsectfarminMalaga,Spain.C．NordicFoodLab.D．SupermarketsintheUK.11．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toparethenutritionalvalueofinsectsandfish.B．ToexplorewhyEuropeansprefersushioverinsects.C．ToexplainhowNomabecametheworld’smostfashionablerestaurant.D．TodiscusschallengesandsolutionsforpromotinginsectconsumptioninEurope.12．Basedonthepassage,whymightinsectmarketerslooktosushiforinspiration?A．Sushiismadefrominsectsandhasbeepopularworldwide.B．Sushi’sriseinpopularityshowshowunfamiliarfoodsareaccepted.C．Sushiismuchcheapertoproducethaninsectbaseddishes.D．Sushichefshavealreadystartedusinginsectsintheirrecipes.4（2025·上海·三模）Cleaningcanbeatherapeuticactivityformanypeople,offeringasenseofcalmandcontrolduringstressfulorchaotictimes.Theactoftidyinguparoomorscrubbingsurfacestoshinecanfeellikemeditationinmotion,temporarilypausinglife’sstressors.However,whencleaningbeespulsiveorinterfereswithdailylife,itmaysignaladeeperissuethatneedsattention.Forsome,cleanlinessprovidesanimmediatesenseofreliefandacplishment.AUniversityofConnecticutstudyledbyMartinLangrevealedthatinhighstresssituations,suchastheanticipationofpublicspeaking,peopleoftenresorttorepetitivecleaningbehaviors.Thisreactionstemsfromaninstincttoregaincontrolinanunpredictablemoment.Cleaningoffersawaytomitigatesurprisesandcreateasafer,morepredictableenvironment.Thebenefitsofcleaningduringanxiousperiodsincludecreatingacalmingphysicalspaceandprovidingasenseofachievement.However,thisbehaviorcanbeeproblematicwhenitcrossesintopulsiveperfectionism,disruptingotherareasoflife.Whilecleaningcanreduceanxiety,itbeesanissuewhenitinterfereswithdailyfunctioning.Forexample,ifsomeoneavoidssocializing,isfrequentlylate,orneglectsotherresponsibilitiesbecauseofcleaningrituals,thisbehaviormayindicateaproblem.pulsivecleaningdoesn’tnecessarilypointtoobsessivepulsivedisorder(OCD)butcouldsignalaneedtoaddressunderlyinganxiety.Ifyoususpectyourcleaninghabitsarebeingexcessive,consultingatherapistisahelpfulfirststep.Professionalscanhelpidentifytriggersandsuggesthealthiercopingmechanisms.Additionally,incorporatinglifestylechangescanplementtherapyandpromoteoverallwellbeing,likeexerciseregularly,prioritizesleep,adoptah