Unit4NaturalDisastersDiscoveringUsefulStructures定语从句课件-人教版高中英语

定语从句一、Whatistheattribute?定语：给所修饰的名词（人、物）下定义Eg：Maryisagoodteacher.玛丽一个好老师。（什么样的老师）？——一个好的老师）用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。汉语翻译中常用，“......的”表示。定语的种类前置定语后置定语Whatistheattributeclause?（什么是定语从句？）用来修饰限定名词或者代词的句子就是定语从句，翻译过来为“……的”。Marylikesthebook(thatisfullofgoodstories).被修饰的名词引导定语从句定语从句译文：玛丽喜欢这本（满是好故事的）书。被修饰的名词关联词定语从句Johnlikestheschoolbag

whichwasboughtbyhisfatheraspresent.

定语从句的结构：

先行词+关系词+句子观察下列例句，总结出定语从句的结构。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。that,which,who,whom,whosewhere,when，why

关系代词（主语/宾语/定语）关系副词（状语）关系词的作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在从句中充当句子成分。根据关系词在从句中充当的句子成分，关系词可以分为：关系代词和关系副词。语法规则一

先行词为人，在定语从句中做主语，连接词用who,that,不能省略

Thisis

theboy.Theboyhasbeenstudyingabroadforfouryears.Thisis

theboywhohasbeenstudyingabroadforfouryears.Theboys_______areplayingsoccerarefromClass1.YesterdayIhelpedanoldman_______losthisway.who/thatwho/thatAtaLosAngelesspeakingmeeting,shemetJeremyPower,afilmmaker

sharedapassionforhumanitariancausesandstorytelling.We’veraisedagenerationofchildrenarenowmakingadifferenceintheworldwho/thatwho/thatJohnCarr,aBritishbiochemist________wasnotinvolved

inthestudy,tellsCNN.who/thatThereisnothingmorecalmingthanspendingqualitytimewithanotherhumanbeing

makesyoufeelsafeandunderstood.who语法规则二

先行词为物，在定语从句中做主语，连接词用which,that,不能省略

Hewasadmittedintoauniversity.Theuniversitywasfoundedin1955.Hewasadmittedintoauniversitywhich/thatwasfoundedin1955.语法规则二

先行词为物，在定语从句中做主语，连接词用which,that,不能省略

Thepipehascausedalotofwaterwaste.Thepipewasbrokenyesterday.Thepipewhich/thatwasbrokenyesterdayhascausedalotofwaterwaste.Herstoryisthelatestchapterinatradition__________begannearlysixtyyearsago.Replacethesewayswithhealthyones___________workinthelongrun.Americanscientistshavealreadymadeplants__________sendoutagreenishglow.which/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatAteamofChineseresearchersledbybiologistShutingLiuhasjustgoneevenfurther,creatingthefirstbrightest-everglowingplants

cangiveofflightofmanycolors.Exerciseproducesendorphins(内啡肽)

makeyoufeelgoodandalsoservesasavaluabledistractionfromyourdailyworries.which/thatthat语法规则三

先行词为人，在定语从句中做动词宾语，连接词用who,whom,that,可以省略

ChairmanMaoisagreatperson.WerespectChairmanMaoChairmanMaowho/that/whom/\werespectisagreatperson.语法规则三

先行词为人，在定语从句中做动词宾语，连接词用who,whom,that,可以省略

Theresidentsisnowinthehospital.Theyrescuedtheresidentsfromthefire.Theresidentswho/whom/that/\theyrescuedfromthefireisnowinthehospital.Mr.Liuistheperson_______________youtalkedabout.Theman______________youmetjustnowismyfriend.Whereistheman_______________Isawthismorning?Mr.Wu,________________everybodyadmires,isgoingtogiveusatalkonchemistry.whom/who/that/\whom/who/that/\that/whom/who/\that/whom/who/\语法规则四

先行词为物，在定语从句中做动词宾语，连接词用which,that,可以省略

Thisisthebook.Ineedthebookbadly.Thisisthebookwhich/that/\Ineedbadly.语法规则四

先行词为物，在定语从句中做动词宾语，连接词用which,that,可以省略

Ishallneverforgetthedays.IspentthedaysinBeijing.Ishallneverforgetthedayswhich/that/\IspentinBeijing.Thisisthepen___________heboughtyesterday.In2006,MaggieDoyneusedthe$5,000____________shehadmadebyworkingasababysittertobuyanacreoflandinNepal.Thisisapowerfulearthquake___________Ihaveeverexperienced.Acceptancemaybedifficult,butinthelongterm,it’seasierthanfightingasituationyoucan’tchange.ComparingtheChinawevisitedwiththeChinaoftodayshowsadramaticchangewhich/that/\which/that/\which/that/\语法规则五

先行词为人，在定语从句中做介词宾语，连接词用who,whom,that,可以省略Thisistheperson.Youcanturntothepersonforhelp.Thisisthepersonwho/whom/\youcanturnto

forhelp.也可以变成:介词+whom

Thisisthepersontowhomyoucanturnforhelp.语法规则五

先行词为人，在定语从句中做介词宾语，连接词用who,whom,that,可以省略Heistheperson.Youcandependontheperson.Heisthepersonwho/whom/\youcandependon.也可以变成:介词+whom

Heisthepersononwhomyoucandepend.Wequestionedthepilot.Welearnedagreatdealfromthepilot.Wequestionedthepilotwho/whom/\welearnedagreatdealfrom.→Wequestionedthepilotfromwhomwelearnedagreatdeal.→Dadistheperson.Icantalkwiththepersoneasily.Dadisthepersonwho/whom/\Icantalkwith

easily.→DadisthepersonwithwhomIcantalkeasily.→Icameacrossmyprimaryschoolteacherthismorningwho/whomIhavelosttouchwithforalmost20years.Icameacrossmyprimaryschoolteacherthismorning.Ihavelosttouchwithmyprimaryschoolteacherforalmost20years.→→IcameacrossmyprimaryschoolteacherthismorningwithwhomIhavelosttouchwithforalmost20years.语法规则六

先行词为物，在定语从句中做介词宾语，连接词用which,that,可以省略ThereareagreatnumberofattractionsinTianjin.IliketheAncientCulturalStreetbestamongtheattractions.ThereareagreatnumberofattractionsinTianjinwhich/that/\IliketheAncientCulturalStreetbestamong.也可以变成:介词+which

ThereareagreatnumberofattractionsinTianjinamongwhichIliketheAncientCulturalStreetbestamong.语法规则六

先行词为物，在定语从句中做介词宾语，连接词用which,that,可以省略Iboughtagreatmanybooks.Ispentallmymoneyonthebooks.Iboughtagreatmanybookswhich/that

Ispentallmymoneyon.也可以变成:介词+which

IboughtagreatmanybooksonwhichIspentallmymoney.Thecolorlessgasiscalledoxygen.Wecannotlivewithoutthegas.Thecolorlessgaswhich/that/\

wecannotliveiscalledoxygenwithout.→Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.→AIapplicationisoneofthetopics.Peopletalkaboutthetopicsnow.AIapplicationisoneofthetopicswhich/\

peopletalkaboutnow.→AIapplicationisoneofthetopicsaboutwhichpeopletalknow.→Antarcticwhich/that/\

weknowverylittleabout

iscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.Antarcticiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.Weknowverylittleabout

Antarctic.

→→Antarcticaboutwhichweknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.语法规则六

先行词为地点，在定语从句中做介词宾语，连接词用which,that,可以省略Thisisthelibrary.Weoftenreadbooksafterschoolinthelibrary.Thisisthelibrarywhich/that/\

weoftenreadbooksafterschoolin.也可以变成:介词+which

Thisisthelibraryinwhichweoftenreadbooksafterschool.=where

Thisisthelibrarywhereweoftenreadbooksafterschool.Manystudentslikesurfingtheinternet.Theycanfindsomeusefulresourcesontheinternet.Manystudentslikesurfingtheinternetwhich/that/\theycanfindsomeusefulresourceson.→Manystudentslikesurfingtheinternetonwhichtheycanfindsomeusefulresources.→→Manystudentslikesurfingtheinternetwheretheycanfindsomeusefulresources.→She’sgotherselfintoadangeroussituationinwhichshe’slikelytoloseherlife.→→She’sgotherselfintoadangeroussituationwhereshe’slikelytoloseherlife.She’sgotherselfintoadangeroussituationwhich/that/\she’slikelytoloseherlifein.She’sgotherselfintoadangeroussituation.She’slikelytoloseherlifeinthesituation.语法规则六

先行词为时间，在定语从句中做介词宾语，连接词用which,that,可以省略Hewillneverforgettheday.Hewasadmittedintoakeyuniversityontheday.也可以变成:介词+which

=when

Hewillneverforgetthedaywhich/that/\hewasadmittedintoakeyuniversityon.Hewillneverforgetthedayonwhichhewasadmittedintoakeyuniversity.Hewillneverforgetthedaywhenhewasadmittedintoakeyuniversity.October1,1949wasanunforgettableday.ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedontheday.October1,1949wasanunforgettabledaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.October1,1949wasanunforgettabledayonwhichthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.October1,1949wasanunforgettabledaywhich/that/\thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedon.→→→I’llneverforgetthetime.Ispentmychildhoodinthecountryduringthetime.I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhich

Ispentmychildhoodinthecountry.→→→I’llneverforgetthetimewhich/that/\

Ispentmychildhoodinthecountryduring.I’llneverforgetthetimewhenIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.语法规则六

先行词为reason，在定语从句中做介词宾语，连接词用which,that,可以省略Thisisthereason.Hewaslateforthemeetingforthereason.也可以变成:for+which

=why

Thisisthereasonwhich/that/\hewaslateforthemeetingfor.Thisisthereasonforwhichhewaslateforthemeeting.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslateforthemeeting.Thereason_______hewaslateforthemeetingwas________hislittlesonfellillthismorning.Isthatthereasonforwhich

youareinfavoroftheproposal.→→→Isthatthereasonwhyyouareinfavoroftheproposal.Isthatthereasonwhich/that/\youareinfavoroftheproposalfor.Isthatthereason?Youareinfavoroftheproposalforthereason.Doyouknowthereasonforwhichthevolcaniceruptioncouldnotbepredicted?Doyouknowthereason?Thevolcaniceruptioncouldnotbepredictedforthereason.→Doyouknowthereasonwhich/that/\thevolcaniceruptioncouldnotbepredicted?→Doyouknowthereasonwhythevolcaniceruptioncouldnotbepredicted?→语法规则七

先行词为人或者物，在定语从句中做定语，连接词用whose,不能省略。Helivesinahouse.Thehouse’swindowsfacesouth.Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.HelivesinahousethewindowsofwhichfacesouthHelivesinahouse.Thewindowsofthehousefacesouth.→DuringatriptoNepal,shemetagirlwhose

lifewasdestroyedbyyearsofwar.DuringatriptoNepal,shemetagirl.Thegirl’slifewasdestroyedbyyearsofwar.DuringatriptoNepal,shemetagirl.Thelifeofthegirlwasdestroyedbyyearsofwar.→DuringatriptoNepal,shemetagirlthelifeofwhomwasdestroyedbyyearsofwar.HuberandotherresearchersfromtheUniversityofTartu’sInstituteofComputerSciencedemonstrated

agroundbreakingnovel

approach:turningoutdatedsmartphonesintomicrodatacenters,thebuildingofwhichisinexpensive,around8eurosperdevice.→HuberandotherresearchersfromtheUniversityofTartu’sInstituteofComputerSciencedemonstrated

agroundbreakingnovel

approach:turningoutdatedsmartp