GMAT（VERBAL）逻辑推理模拟试卷19

GMAT(VERBAL)逻辑推理模拟试卷

19

一、逻辑推理(本题共24题，每题7.0分，共24分。)

1、WhilethetotalenrollmentofpublicelementaryandsecondaryschoolsinSondlandis

onepercenthigherthisacademicyearthanlastacademicyear,thenumberofteachers

thereincreasedbythreepercent.Thus,theSondlandEducationCommission'sprediction

ofateachershortageasearlyasnextacademicyearisunfounded.Whichofthe

following,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheclaimthatthepredictionofateacher

shortageasearlyasnextacademicyearisunfounded?

FundingforpublicelementaryschoolsinSondlandisexpectedtoincreaseoverthe

nexttenyears.

B、AveragesalariesfbrSondland'steachersincreasedattherateofinflationfromlast

academicyeartothisacademicyear.

C、Anewlawhasmandatedthattherebe10percentmoreteachersperpupilin

Sondland'spublicschoolsnextacademicyearthantherewerethisacademicyear.

D^Inthepast,increasesinenrollmentsinpublicelementaryandsecondaryschoolsin

Sondlandhavegenerallybeensmallerthanincreasesinthenumberofteachers.

E、Becauseofreductionsinfunding,thenumberofstudentsenrollinginteacher-training

programsinSondlandisexpectedtodeclinebeginninginthenextacademicyear.

标准答案：C

知识点解析:ArgumentEvaluationSituationInSondland'spublicschoolsthis

academicyear,thenumberofstudentsisonepercenthigherandthenumberofteachers

threepercenthigherthantheywerelastacademicyear.Forthisreason,theSondland

EducationCommission'spredictionofateachershortageasearlyasnextacademicyear

isquestionable.ReasoningWhatevidencewouldmostweakensupportfortheclaimthat

therewillbenoteachershortagenextacademicyear?Ateachershortagewillarisenext

academicyearifthenumberofteachersneededwillexceedthenumberofteachers

employed.Thiswillhappenifthenumberofteachersneededincreaseswithouta

sufficientincreaseinthenumberemployed,orifthenumberemployeddecreaseswithout

asufficientdecreaseinthenumberneeded.Evidencethateitherorbothofthesechanges

willoccurnextacademicyearisevidencethatthepredictedshortagewilloccur,soany

suchevidencewillweakensupportfortheclaimthatthepredictionisunfounded.A

Increasedfundingwilllikelyallowmoreteacherstobehiredbutwillnotnecessarily

increasetheneedforteachers,soitdoesnotsupportthepredictionofateachershortage

(andindeeditveryslightlyunderminestheprediction).Also,thefundingisexpectedto

increaseovertenyears,notnecessarilynextyear.Furthermore,wearenottoldwho

expectsthisincreaseorwhy.Theirexpectationmaybeunjustifiable.BAsalaryincrease

attherateofinflationisequivalenttonochangeinthesalary'sactualvalue.Theabsence

ofachangeinrealsalaryinthepastacademicyeardoesnotbyitselfsupportany

predictionofachangeinthenumberofteachersneededoremployednextacademicyear.

CCorrect.Theschoolswillneedalotmoreteachersnextacademicyeartosatisfythis

mandate.Itmaybedifficultfortheschoolstohireenoughteachersintime.Thisprovides

alleastsomereasontopredictthatateachershortagewillresult.DThismeansthe

numberofstudentsperteacherhasbeengenerallydeclining.Itdoesnotsuggestthatnext

academicyearthenumberofteachersneededwillincrease,northatthenumber

employedwilldecrease.EThisdoessupportthepredictionthatashortageoftrained

teacherswillariseeventually.Butthedecliningnumberofstudentsinteacher-training

programsnextacademicyearprobablywillnotreducethenumberofteachersavailable

toteachduringthatsameyear.ThecoiTectanswerisC.

2、ArtrestorerswhohavebeenstudyingthefactorsthatcauseRenaissanceoilpaintings

todeterioratephysicallywhensubjecttoclimaticchangeshavefoundthattheoilpaint

usedinthesepaintingsactuallyadjuststothesechangeswell.Therestorerstherefore

hypothesizethatitisalayerofmaterialcalledgesso,whichisunderthepaint,thatcauses

thedeterioration.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststronglysupportstherestorers5

hypothesis?

A>Renaissanceoilpaintingswithathinlayerofgessoarelesslikelytoshow

deteriorationinresponseioclimaticchangesthanthosewithathickerlayer.

B、Renaissanceoilpaintingsareoftenpaintedonwoodenpanels,whichswellwhen

humidityincreasesandcontractwhenitdeclines.

C、Oilpaintexpandsandcontractsreadilyinresponsetochangesintemperature,butit

absorbslittlewaterandsoislittleaffectedbychangesinhumidity.

D、Anespeciallyhardandnonabsorbenttypeofgessowastherawmaterialfor

moldingsontheframesofRenaissanceoilpaintings.

E^GessolayersappliedbyRenaissancepainterstypicallyconsistedofacoarsebase

layerontowhichseveralincreasinglyfine-grainedlayerswereapplied.

标准答案：A

知i只点解析：ArgumentEvaluationSituationRenaissancepaintingsaresubjectto

deteriorationduetochangesinclimate,buttheiractualpaintisnotafactorinthis

deterioration.Instead,restorershypothesize,itisgesso,thematerialunderthepaint,that

causesproblemsforthepaintings.ReasoningWhatwouldmoststronglysupportthe

hypothesisthatgessoiscausingthedeterioration?Anindicationthatgessoisaffectedby

climaticchangeswouldbemosthelpfulinsupportingthehypothesis.Whatcouldshow

thatgessoisaffectedinthisway?Iftheextentofapainting'sdeteriorationisdirectly

relatedtotheamountofgessousedunderthatpainting,thenthegessoclearlyplayssome

partinthatdeterioration.ACorrect.Thisstatementproperlyidentifiesapointsupporting

thehypothesis.BThissuggeststhatanotherfactor-thewoodofthepanels-hasarole

inthepaintings'deterioration.Thusitweakensthehypothesisthatgessocausesthe

deterioration.CThismerelyreinforcesgiveninformation,thatthepaintitselfisnot

responsibleforthepaintings'deterioration.DBecausethisgivesnoinformationabout

anyconnectionbetweenthisespeciallyhardandnonabsorbenttypeofgessoandthetype

ofgessousedunderthepaintinRenaissancepaintings,thepropertiesandusageofthe

formertypeofgessoareirrelevanttothequestionofwhethergessoisresponsibleforthe

paintings'deterioration.EBecausewearetoldnothingaboutwhetherthistechniqueof

gessoapplicationincreasesordecreasesthelikelihoodthatgessowillbeaffectedby

climaticchange,itdocsnotsupporttherestorers*hypo:hcsis.ThecorrectanswerisA.

3、Anewlydiscoveredpaintingseemstobetheworkofoneoftwo17th-centuryartists,

eitherthenorthernGermanJohannesDrechenortheFrenchmanLouisBirelle,who

sometimespaintedinthesamestyleasDrechen.Analysisofthecarvedpictureframe,

whichhasbeenidentifiedasthepainting'soriginal17th-centuryframe,showedthatitis

madeofwoodfoundwidelyinnorthernGermanyatthetime,butrareinthepartof

FrancewhereBircllclived.Thisshowsthatthepaintingismostlikelytheworkof

Drechen.Whichofthefollowingisanassumptionthattheargumentrequires?

A^Theframewasmadefromwoodlocaltotheregionwherethepicturewaspainted.

BNDrechenisunlikelytohaveevervisitedthehomeregionofBirelleinFrance.

C、Sometimesapaintingsocloselyresemblesothersofitserathatnoexpertisableto

confidentlydecidewhopaintedit.

D^Thepainterofthepicturechosetheframefbrthepicture.

E、ThecarvingstyleofthepictureframeisnottypicalofanyspecificregionofEurope.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：ArgumentConstructionSituationA17th-ccnturypaintinghasbeen

discoveredthatwaseitherbyJohannesDrechenfromnorthernGermanyorbyFrench

artistLouisBircllc.Thepainting'soriginalpictureframeismadeofwoodwidelyfound

in17th-centurynorthernGermanybutrareintheFrenchregionwhereBirellelived.So

thepaintingwasprobablytheworkofDrechen.ReasoningWhichofthefivestatements

isanassumptionrequiredbytheargument?Ifthepaintingiscorrectlyattributedto

Drechen,thenthewoodthattheframewasmadefromprobablycamefromtheregion

whereDrechenlivedanddidhispainting.Theargumentassumesthatthespecificwood

usedintheframecamefromnorthernGermanyratherthanfromsomeotherplacewhere

thatwoodmighthavebeenfound,andwhere(forallwcknow)Bircllcmighthave

visited.ACorrect.Withoutanassumptionequivalenttothis,theargumentwouldfail.B

Thisisnotarequiredassumption(unlike,forexample,thefollowing:Drechendidnot

givethepictureframetoBirelleasagift).CThisisatruismbutisnotrequiredtomake

theargumentsconclusionwellsupported.DThisdoesnotneedtobeassumed;Drechen

could,fbrexample,havesimplyaskedalocalframe-makertomakeaframeforhis

picture.ENeithertheaffirmationnorthedenialofthisstatementisneededtounderpin

theargument.ThecorrectanswerisA.

4、ArchaeologistsworkinginiheAndesMountainsrecentlyexcavatedaburied4,000-

year-oldtemplecontainingstructuresthatalignwithastonecarvingonadistanthillto

indicatethedirectionoftherisingsunatthesummersolstice.Alignmentsinthetemple

werealsofoundtopointtowardtheposition,atthesummersolstice,ofaconstellation

knowninAndeancultureastheFox.Sincethelocalmythologyrepresentsthefoxas

teachingpeoplehowtocultivateandirrigateplants,theancientAndeansmayhavebuilt

thetempleasareligiousrepresentationofthefox.Whichofthefollowingisan

assumptiononwhichtheargumentisbased?

A^TheconstellationknownastheFoxhasthesamepositionatthesummersolsticeasit

did4,000yearsago.

D、Whetherappropriatecookingofchickencontaminatedwithsalmonellacanalways

preventfoodpoisoning

E^Whethercapsaicincanbeobtainedonlyfromchilipeppers

标准答案：A

知识点解析：ArgumentEvaluationSituationChickenswillreadilyeatfeedlacedwith

capsaicin,whichappearstoprotectthemfromcontaminationwithsalmonellabacteria

thatcancausefoodpoisoning.ReasoningWhatinformationwouldhelpdetermine

whetherusingthefeedwouldbeaneffectivestrategyforraisingsalmonella-freechicken

forretailsale?Inorderforthestrategytobeeffective,itmustbeeconomicallyfeasible

forfarmerstoraisechickensusingthefeed,andtheremustbeenoughconsumerdemand

forchickensraisedthisway.Soanyinformationaboutfactorslikelytoaffecteitherthe

economicfeasibilityofraisingthechickensorconsumerdemandforthemcouldbe

helpfulindetermininghowusefulthefeedwouldbe.ACorrect.Ifchickenproducers

triedtomarketmeatfromcapsaicin-fedchickenswithoutknowingwhetherthetasteis

affected,theywouldriskalienatingconsumers.Ofcourse,iftheyfoundthatthetasteis

affected,theywouldthenneedtodofurtherinvestigationstodeterminehowconsumers

wouldlikelyrespondtothedifference.Ifconsumersdidnotlikethetaste,thiscould

negativelyaffectdemandforthechickens.Inthatcase,usingthefeedwouldnotbean

effectivewaytoraisechickensforretailsale.BTherearetwowaysthismightbe

consideredrelevant.First,itmightbethoughtthatbecausecapsaicinreducestheriskof

salmonellapoisoninginhumans,itwillalsodosoinchickens;butwealreadyhavegood

evidenceofthatintheargument.Second,itmightbethoughtthat,ifthecapsaicindoes

notproducechickensthataretotallysalmonellafree,thenifanycapsaicinremainsinthe

chickens,itwillhelppreventanyhumanswhoconsumethechickenfromgetting

salmonellapoisoning.Buttherelevantissueiswhetherthecapsaicinwillmakethe

chickenssalmonellafree,notwhetherhumanswillbeprotectedwhetherthechickensare

salmonellafreeornot.CThesusceptibilityofothertypesofmeattosalmonella

contaminationwouldnotaffecttheusefulnessofthefeedforpreventingsuch

contaminationinchicken.DPresumablymanypeopledonotcookcontaminatedchicken

appropriately,soconsumerscouldstillbenefitfromsalmonella-freechickenwhetheror

notappropriatecookingmethodscouldpreventfoodpoisoning.ERegardlessofwhether

capsaicincanbeobtainedfromothersources,chilipeppersmaybeaperfectlyviable

source.ThecorrectanswerisA.

6、Whichofthefollowingmostlogicallycompletestheargumentbelow?When

mercury-vaporstreetlightsareusedinareasinhabitedbyinsect-eatingbats,thebatsfeed

almostexclusivelyaroundthelights,becausethelightsattractflyinginsects.In

Greenville,themercury-vaporstreetlightsareabouttobereplacedwithenergy-saving

sodiumstreetlights,whichdonotattractinsects.Thischangeislikelytoresultinadrop

inthepopulationofinsect-eatingbatsinGreenville,since.

thebatsdonotbegintohuntuntilaftersundown

B、thebatsareunlikelytofeedoninsectsthatdonotfly

C、thehighwaydepartmentwillbeabletoreplacemercury-vaporstreetlightswith

sodiumstreetlightswithinarelativelyshorttimeandwithoutdisruptingthecontinuityof

lightingatthelocationsofthestreetlights

D、intheabsenceoflocalconcentrationsoftheflyinginsectsonwhichbatsfeed,the

batsexpendmuchmoreenergyonhuntingfbrfood,requiringmuchlargerquantitiesof

insectstosustaineachbat

E、batsuseecholocationtocatchinsectsandthereforegainnoadvantagefromthefact

thatinsectsflyinginthevicinityofstreetlightsarevisibleatnight

标准答案：D

知识点解析：ArgumentConstructionSituationInareaswithmercury-vaporstreetlights,

anyinsect-eatingbatsfeedalmostexclusivelyaroundthelights,whichattractflying

insects.InGreenville,mercury-vaporstreetlightswillsoonbereplacedwithsodium

streetlightsthatdonotattractinsects.ReasoningWhatevidencewouldsuggestthatthe

changeinstreetlightswillreduceGreenville'spopulationofinsecteatingbats?Sincethe

sodiumstreetlightswillnotattractHyinginsects,thebatswillprobablystopfocusing

theirfeedingaroundGreenville^streetlightsafterthelightsarechanged.Astatement

providingevidencethatthiswillmakeitharderforthebatstogetenoughfoodtosustain

themselveswouldsupporttheconclusionthatthechangeislikelytoreduceGreenville's

batpopulationandthuswouldlogicallycompletetheargument.AInsect-eatingbats

existedlongbeforestreetlightsdid,sotheycanprobablyfindinsectsawayfrom

streetlightseveniftheyhuntonlyaftersundown.BGreenvillewillalmostcertainlystill

haveflyinginsectsforthebatstoeatafterthechange,evenifthoseinsectsnolonger

gatheraroundthestreetlights.CIfanything,suchasmoothtransitionwouldbelesslikely

todisturbthebatsandthereforelesslikelytoreducetheirpopulation.DCorrect.Since

therewillbenolocalconcentrationsofflyinginsectsaroundGreenvillestreetlightsafter

thechange,thebatswillmostlikelyhavemoretroublegettingenoughtoeat,andthat

theirlocalpopulationwillthereforefall.ETheadvantagethatthebatsgainfrom

mercury-vaporstreetlightscomesfromthehighconcentrationof:insects.Thefactthat

thebatsgetnoadditionaladvantagefromtheinsects'visibilitytellsusnothingabout

whatafleetthechangetoadifferenttypeoflightmighthave.ThecorrectanswerisD.

7、Ratsinjectedwithmorphineexhibitdecreasedactivityoftheimmunesystem,the

bodilysystemthatfightsoffinfections.Thesesameratsexhibitedheightenedblood

levelsofcorticosteroids,chemicalssecretedbytheadrenalglands.Sincecorticosteroids

caninterferewithimmune-systemactivity,scientistshypothesizedthatthewaymorphine

reducesimmuneresponsesinratsisbystimulatingtheadrenalglandstosecrete

additionalcorticosteroidsintothebloodstream.Whichofthefollowingexperiments

wouldyieldthemostusefulresultsfbrevaluatingthescientists5hypothesis?

A、Injectingmorphineintoratsthatalreadyhaveheightenedbloodlevelsof

corticosteroidsandthenobservingtheirnewbloodlevelsofcorticosteroids

B、Testingthelevelofimmune-systemactivityofrats,removingtheiradrenalglands,

andthentestingtherats,immune-systemactivitylevelsagain

C>Injectingratswithcorticosteroidsandthenobservinghowmanyoftherats

contractedinfections

D、Removingtheadrenalglandsofrats,injectingtheratswithmorphine,andthen

testingtheleveloftherats*imniune-syslemresponses

E^Injectingratswithadrugthatstimulatesimmune-systemactivityandthenobserving

thelevelofcorticosteroidsintheirbloodstreams

标准答案：D

知识点解析：ArgumentEvaluationSituationRatsinjectedwithmorphineexhibit

decreasedimmune-systemactivityandincreasedlevelsofcorticosteroids,whichare

secretedbytheadrenalglandsandcaninterferewithimmune-systemactivity.Reasoning

Whatfurtherexperimentwouldhelpdeterminewhethermorphinereducesimmune

responsesinratsbystimulatingtheadrenalglandstoreleasemorecorticosteroids?

Contrarytothescientists'hypothesis,theexperimentalresultsmighthaveoccurred

becausethemorphineinjectionsdirectlyreducedimmune-systemactivity.Orthe

injectionsmighthaveblockedsomemechanismthatreducescorticosteroidlevelsinthe

blood,evenifthemorphinedidnotstimulatetheadrenalglandstoproducemore

corticosteroids.Toevaluatewhetherthescientists'hypothesisismoreplausiblethanthese

rivalhypotheses,itwouldbehelpfultoknowwhethersimilarexperimentalresultswould

occuraftermorphineinjectionsevenifadrenalglandactivitydidnotchange.AMorphine

couldstimulatetheadrenalglandsofratswithnormalcorticosteroidlevelstoproduce

morecorticosteroids,whetherornotitdoessoinratswhosecorticosteroidlevelsare

alreadyheightened.BSuchanexperimentwouldnotinvolvemorphineandthuswould

nothelptodeterminehowmorphineaffectsimmune-systemactivityinrats.CWhether

ornotratscontractinfectionsmaynotreliablyindicatetheirlevelsofimmune-system

activity.DCorrect.Iftheimmunesystemresponsesdecreasedafterthemorphine

injectionsinthisexperiment,thehypothesisthatitwasbystimulationoftheadrenal

glandsthatmorphinereducedimmune-systemactivitywouldbeundermined.Butifno

decreaseinimmune-systemresponsesoccurred,thehypothesiswouldbeconfirmed.E

Evenifthemechanismbywhichadrugotherthanmorphineincreasesimmune-system

activitywerediscovered,thisdiscoverywouldnotnecessarilyrevealthemechanismby

whichmorphinereducesimmune-systemactivity.ThecorrectanswerisD.

8、Curator:IfourmuseumlendsVenustotheHartInstitutefortheirshowthisspring,

theywilllendustheirRembrandtetchingsforourprintexhibitionnextfall.Havingthose

etchingswillincreaseattendancetotheexhibitionandhenceincreaserevenuefromour

generaladmissionfee.MuseumAdministrator:ButVenusisourbiggestattraction.

MoreovertheHart'sshowwillrunfbrtwiceaslongasourexhibition.Soonbalancethe

numberofpatronsmaydecrease.Thepointoftheadministrator^responsetothecurator

istoquestion

A、whethergettingtheRembrandtetchingsfromtheHartInstituteislikelytoincrease

attendanceattheprintexhibition

B、whethertheHartInstitute'sRembrandtetchingswillbeappreciatedbythosepatrons

ofthecurator'smuseumfbrwhomthemuseum'sbiggestattractionisVenus

C、whetherthenumberofpatronsattractedbytheHartInstitute'sRembrandtetchirgs

willbelargerthanthenumberofpatronswhodonotcomeinthespringbecauseVenusis

onloan

D、whether,ifVenusislent,themuseum'srevenuefromgeneraladmissionfeesduring

theprintexhibitionwillexceeditsrevenuefromgeneraladmissionfeesduringtheHart

Institute'sexhibition

E、whethertheHartInstituteorthecurator'smuseumwillhavethegreaterfinancial

gainfromtheproposedexchangeofartworks

标准答案：C

知识点解析：ArgumentConstructionSituationAcuratorandamuseumadministrator

debatewhetherlendingaparticularartworktotheHartInstituteinexchangeforaloanof

someoftheHartInstitute'sartworkswouldincreaseordecreaseattendanceandrevenue

atthemuseum.ReasoningWhichofthecurator'sexplicitorimplicitclaimsisthe

museumadministratorquestioning?Theadministrator'sstatementsthatVenusisthe

museum'sbiggestattractionandthattheHartInstitute'sshowwillruntwiceaslongas

themuseum'sexhibitiondonotdirectlyconflictwithmystatementorassumptionmade

bythecurator.However,theadministrator^conclusionisthatonbalancethenumberof

patronsatthemuseummaydecreaseifthecurator'sproposalisfollowed.This

conclusioncallsintoquestionthecurator'sclaimthattheproposalwillincreaserevenue

fromthegeneraladmissionfee,sincethatclaimpresupposesthatonbalancetheproposal

willincreasethenumberofvisitorstothemuseum.(Thecontextsuggeststhatthe

administratorisusingthetermpatronstomeanvisitorsratherthandonors.)AThe

administratordoesnotdisputethattheRembrandtetchingswouldprobablyincrease

attendanceattheprintexhibitionbutrathersuggeststhatthisincreasewouldbeexceeded

bythelossofvisitorstothemuseumwhiletheHartInstituteborrowsVenus.BNeither

thecuratornortheadministratorcommentsonwhetherthepatronsattractedtothe

RembrandtetchingswouldbethesamepeopleattractedtoVenus.CCorrect.Thecurator

implicitlyinfersthattheformernumberwillbelargerthanthelatter,whereasthe

administratorquestionsthisbyassertingthatthelatternumbermaybelargerthanthe

former.DTheadministratordoesnotquestionwhethertherevenueduringtheprint

exhibitionwillexceedtherevenueduringtheHartInstitutedexhibition,butrather

whetheritwillexceedthelossofrevenueduringtheHartInstitute'sexhibition.ENeither

thecuratornortheadministratorcommentsonwhetherthemuseumwouldgainmoreor

lessfromtheexchangethantheHartInstitutewould.ThecorrectanswerisC.

9、Whichofthefollowingmostlogicallycompletesthepassage?Leafbeetlesdamage

willowtreesbystrippingawaytheirleaves,butacombinationofparasitesandpredators

generallykeepspopulationsofthesebeetlesincheck.Researchershavefoundthatsevere

airpollutionresultsinreducedpredatorpopulations.Theparasites,bycontrast,arcnot

adverselyaffectedbypollution;nevertheless,theresearchers1discoveryprobablydoes

explainwhyleafbeetlescauseparticularlyseveredamagetowillowsinareaswithsevere

airpollution,since

A、neitherthepredatorsnortheparasitesofleafbeetlesthemselvesattackwillowtrees

theparasitesthatattackleafbeetlesactuallytendtobemoreprevalentinareaswith

severeairpollutionthantheyareelsewhere

C、thedamagecausedbyleafbeetlesisusuallynotenoughtokillawillowtreeoutright

D、whereairpollutionisnotespeciallysevere,predatorshavemuchmoreimpacton

leaf-beetlepopulationsthanparasitesdo

匕、willowsoftengrowinareaswhereairpollutionisespeciallysevere

标准答案：D

知识点解析：ArgumentConstructionSituationLeafbeetlesdamagewillowtrees,but

predatorsandparasiteskeepleafbeetlepopulationsincheck.Airpollutionreduces

populationsofpredatorsbutnotofparasites.Leafbeetlesdamagewillowsespecially

severelyinareaswithsevereairpollution.ReasoningWhatwouldsupporttheconclusion

thatairpollution'seffectsonthepredatorpopulations(butnotontheparasite

populations)explainswhyleafbeetlesdamagewillowsthemostinareaswithsevereair

pollution?Thewordsinceprecedingtheblankspaceattheendofthepassageindicates

thatthespaceshouldbefilledwithapremisesupportingtheconclusionstated

immediatelybeforethesince.Tosupportthisconclusion,itwouldhelptohaveevidence

thatpredatorsplayapredominantroleinkeepingleafbeetlepopulationsincheck,and

thusthatthereductionofpredatorpopulationsbyairpollutioncouldbesufficientto

enableleafbeetlepopulationstogrowandcauseespeciallyseveredamage.AThefact

thatneitherthepredatorsnortheparasitesdirectlycontributetoharmingthetreesoffers

noreasontoconcludethatadifferenceinhowtheyareaffectedbypollutionwould

contributetotheharmthatthebeetlescausetothetrees.BIftheparasitesaremore

prevalentinareaswithsevereairpollution,thentheyaremorelikelytokeepleafbeetle

populationsincheckinthoseareas,despitethereducedpredatorpopulations.Thus,the

declineinpredatorpopulationswouldmorelikelybeinsufficienttoexplainwhytheleaf

beetlescausemoredamageinthoseareas.CThisobservationisirrelevanttowhetherthe

declineinpredatorpopulationsexplainswhyleafbeetlesdamagewillowtreesmore

severelyinareaswithsevereairpollution.DCorrect.Thisindicatesthatpredatorsplaya

predominantroleinkeepingleafbeetlepopulationsincheck,so,asexplainedabove,it

supportstheargument'sconclusion.EThisisnotclearlyrelevanttowhetherthedecline

inpredatorpopulationsexplainswhyleafbeetlesdamagewillowtreesmoreseverelyin

areaswithsevereairpollution.Theargument'sconclusioncouldjustaseasilybetrue

regardlessofwhetherwillowsgrowinsuchpollutedareasfrequentlyorinfrequently.The

correctanswerisD.

10、OnMayfirst,inordertoreducethenumberofoverduebooks,achildren'slibrary

institutedapolicyofforgivingfinesandgivingbookmarkstochildrenreturningallof

theiroverduebooks.OnJulyfirstthereweretwiceasmanyoverduebooksastherehad

beenonMayfirst,althougharecordnumberofbookshadbeenreturnedduringthe

interim.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mosthelpstoexplaintheapparentinconsistency

intheresultsofthelibrary'spolicy?

A、Thelibrariansdidnotkeepaccuraterecordsofhowmanychildrentookadvantageof

thegraceperiod,andsomeofthechildrenreturningoverduebooksdidnotreturnallof

theiroverduebooks.

B、Althoughthegraceperiodenticedsomechildrentoreturnalloftheiroverduebooks,

itdidnotconvinceallofthechildrenwithoverduebookstoreturnalloftheirbooks.

C^Thebookmarksbecamepopularamongthechildren,soinordertocollectthe

bookmarks,manychildrenborrowedmanymorebooksthantheyusuallydidandkept

thempasttheirduedate.

D、Thechildrenwereallowedtoborrowamaximumoffivebooksfbratwo-week

period,andhenceeachchildcouldkeepamaximumoffifteenbooksbeyondtheirdue

datewithinatwo-monthperiod.

E、Althought