Unit7ThenaturalworldReading课件-译林版英语八年级上册

understandhowtousesimiletocomparetwodifferentthings;Bytheendofthislesson,studentswillbeableto:learnaboutthethreemainecosystemsonearth;learnabouttheeffectofhumanactivitiesontheecosystems.➷➷➷➷➷➷➷➷➷➷Unit7

ThenaturalworldP2Readingforestdesertgrasslandtundra(冻原)oceanwetlandWhattypesofecosystemsdoyouknow?Whatkindsofthingsdoyouthinkareinanecosystem?plantsanimalswaterairsoil...forestoceanwetlandWhatdoyouknowaboutoceans,wetlandsandforests?Readthetitleofanarticleandthinkwhytheyarebigthree?size?Nowlet’sreadthearticleaboutthethreeecosystems.importance?...Howdoesthewriterorganisethearticle?Task1titleIntroductiontoecosystemMainbody:ThebigthreeecosystemsConclusionThewriterusespicturestomakethearticlemoreinterestingandvivid.EcosystemDefinitionAnecosystemincludes____________________________inanarea.Sizehave________sizes,fromsmallpondstolargegrasslandsRolekeepthe_________betweenallits__________andthegreater_____________.ReadPara.1carefullyandcompletethetablebelow.Task2allthelivingandnon-livingthingsdifferentbalancemembersenvironmentReadParas.2-4.Lookatthepictureandchoosethecorrectdescriptionsforeachecosystemaccordingtothearticle.Writethecorrectlettersintheboxes.Task3aCoverabout71%oftheearth'ssurfacebCovernearlyathirdoftheearth’slandareacHelpcleanthewaterdHelpmaketheaircleaneHelppreventfloodsfProduceabout70%oftheearth'soxygengThe“heart”oftheearthhThe“lungs”oftheearthiThe“kidneys”oftheearthP96Aoceansa,f,gwetlandsc,e,ib,d,hsizefunctionforestsrole

cleanwaterandstorewaterdealwithwasteandcontrolbodyfluids(液体)Watercyclebloodcirculation(循环)takein,produce,trapbreathe

Similescreatesimilaritybetweentwodifferentthingsbyusingwordssuchaslikeandastohelpthereaderbetterunderstandthecontent.Whatfigureofspeech(修辞)doesthewriteruse?Readthearticleagain.Choosethecorrectanswerstothequestions.Task41Whatisanecosystemmadeupof?aOceans,wetlandsandforests. bPlantsandanimals.cLivingandnon-livingthings.2Whyistheoceanthelargestecosystemofthethree?aItholdsplentyoftheearth’swater.bItmakesupabout71%oftheearth’ssurface.cItishometomanykindsofplantsandanimals.3Whatdowetlandsdoduringheavyrains?aTheymakethewaterclean. bTheyholdwater.cTheygetridofwater.4“Theyalsotrapharmfulthingsintheirleavesandhelpcleantheair.”Whichwordcanweusetoreplacetheword“trap”?akeep bdrive cproduce5Wherecanwereadthiskindofarticle?aInanewspaper. bInatravelguide. cInageographymagazine.Tips:细节理解题明确问题的关键信息，定位相关句子，逐一对比选项，排除与文章内容不符的选项。词义猜测题先找单词前后的“信号词”（如and/but/also、解释说明词）猜义，或结合上下文逻辑推义，还可借词根词缀辅助判断。文章出处题先快速读文章，找出主要讲什么（如自然知识、景点介绍、新闻事件、规则说明），再结合选项，锁定匹配的答案。P96B1Whatisanecosystemmadeupof?aOceans,wetlandsandforests. bPlantsandanimals.cLivingandnon-livingthings.2Whyistheoceanthelargestecosystemofthethree?aItholdsplentyoftheearth’swater.bItmakesupabout71%oftheearth’ssurface.cItishometomanykindsofplantsandanimals.3Whatdowetlandsdoduringheavyrains?aTheymakethewaterclean. bTheyholdwater.cTheygetridofwater.4“Theyalsotrapharmfulthingsintheirleavesandhelpcleantheair.”Whichwordcanweusetoreplacetheword“trap”?akeep bdrive cproducea.keep：有“留存；使保持”含义，代入句中“keepharmfulthingsinleaves（把有害物质留在叶子里

）”，符合净化空气（先留住有害物质）的逻辑。b.drive：是“驱赶；驱使”，和“cleantheair（净化空气

）”逻辑矛盾，若驱赶有害物质，就不用“helpclean”了。c.produce：是“产生；制造”，叶子不会“制造”有害物质来净化空气，逻辑不对。所以选

a

。5Wherecanwereadthiskindofarticle?aInanewspaper. bInatravelguide. cInageographymagazine.解题思路：文章讲生态系统，属于地理知识

。a.Inanewspaper：报纸内容杂，但这类纯生态知识的科普文，不是报纸主打（报纸多新闻、时事）。b.Inatravelguide：旅游指南侧重景点、路线、食宿，和生态知识无关。c.Inageographymagazine：地理杂志会讲地球生态、自然环境，匹配文章内容。所以选

c

。Readthetitleagain.Answerthequestion.Task5size?cover71%oftheearth’ssurfacecover6%oftheearth’slandareacoverathirdoftheearth’slandareasmallTheyarethe“bigthree”ecosystemsbecauseoceans,wetlandsandforestseachplayimportantroles.

Whydoesthewritercallthethreeecosystems“thebigthree”?Whyarethethreeecosystemsimportantfortheearth?Oceanssupplymuchoxygenandtakepartinthewatercycle.Wetlandspurifywaterandpreventfloods.Forestsabsorbcarbondioxide,produceoxygenandcleantheair.Theyallsupportmanyplantsandanimalsandkeeptheplanethealthy.P96D1Whataresomeofthenon-livingthingsinanecosystem?Aretheyimportant?Givereasons.P96D2Thinkaboutthequestionbelow.Shareyouranswerswithyourclassmates.Task6Commonnon-livingthingsincludewater,air,soil,sunlight,androcks.Non-livingthingsinanecosystemareveryimportant.Forexample,alllivingthingsneedwatertosurvive.Thesenon-livingthingshelplivingthingssurviveandkeeptheecosystemworkingwell.Payattentiontothefollowingexpressions.non-否定前缀,意为“不、非、没有”Task7所有生物和非生物有作用；发挥作用保持……和……之间的平衡

产生氧气

大量的上升到空中继续下去；持续不断是……的所在地/栖息地清除；摆脱防洪形成，构成三分之一的吸收净化空气使……保持健康________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.所有生物和非生物2.有作用；发挥作用3.保持……和……之间的平衡

4.产生氧气

5.大量的6.上升到空中7.继续下去；持续不断allthelivingandnon-livingthingsplentyofTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoEnglish.risetotheskygoonandonproduceoxygenhavearoletoplaykeepthebalancebetween...and...________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.是……的所在地/栖息地9.清除；摆脱10.防洪11.形成，构成12.三分之一的13.吸收14.净化空气15.使……保持健康

preventfloodsmakeuptakeincleantheairkeep...healthybehometogetridofathirdofThebiggestecosystemHellolisteners!WelcometoSciencewithDoctorTed.TodayI'lltalktoyouaboutthebiggestecosystemonourplanet.Doyouknowwhatitis?Yes,it'stheocean.Itcoversthelargestareaoftheearth's(1)_________andholds97%oftheearth'swater.It(2)__________manyanimalsandplants.Simonislisteningtoapodcastabouttheoceanecosystem.Completethescriptwiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesintheboxbelow.surfacebalancebehometosurfaceoxygengetridoftakeinstoreroleP97CishometoDoyouknowthatsomeoftheplantsintheoceanproduce(3)_________fortheanimalslivingthere?What'smore,theoceancan(4)________25%-30%ofcarbondioxideand(5)__________heat.Itplaysanimportant(6)______inslowingdownclimatechange.Sadly,we'refacingaseriousproblem:oceanpollution.Therearemillionsoftonsofplasticintheocean,andit'sverydifficultto(7)______________it.It'stimeforustotakeactionandprotecttheocean.Ifwedon't,theplasticwillharmthe(8)___________oftheoceanecosystem.storeoxygenbalancebehometosurfaceoxygengetridoftakeinstoreroletakeinrolegetridofbalanceHowdohumanactivitiesaffecttheecosystems?Giveanexample.P97D3Peoplethrowplasticintotheocean.Animalseatplasticbagsbymistake.Thisbreaksthebalanceoftheoceanecosystem.Theygetsickanddie.Biggerfisheslosetheirfoodandtheirnumbershasdecreased.【拓展】including

prep.Manystudentsjoinedtheclub,includingTomandLucy.①OurschoolsubjectsincludeEnglish,mathandbiology.②Yourdutiesincludecleaningandansweringthetelephone.你的职责包括打扫卫生和接电话。1.

Anecosystemincludesallthelivingandnon-livingthingsinanarea.生态系统包括某一区域内的所有生物和非生物。includev.我们的学校课程包括英语、数学和生物。意为“包括”，其后接名词/代词或V-ing很多学生加入了俱乐部，包括汤姆和露西。意为“包括”，后接名词、代词或V-ing1.Thelibraryhasmanybooks,___________storybooksandsciencebooks.2.Myhobbies__________readingandplayingbasketball.including根据句意，用include的适当形式填空。include2.Eachecosystemhasaroletoplayandhelpskeepthebalancebetweenallitsmembersandthegreaterenvironment.每一个生态系统都有其特定的作用，能够帮助维持其内部所有成员与外部环境之间的平衡。havearoletoplay(insth/doingsth)(在……方面）发挥作用，有责任（与playarolein(sth/doingsth)

含义相近）①Everyonehasaroletoplayinprotectingtheoceanecosystem.②

Plantshaveakeyroletoplayinthebalanceofnature.每个人在保护海洋生态系统中都能发挥作用。植物在自然界的平衡中发挥着关键作用。3.Itholdsplentyofsaltwater,andthewaterrisestothesky,fallsontothelandsandthenreturnstotheocean.它（海洋）容纳大量海水，水分升上天空，落到陆地上，然后流回海洋。holdv.①Thisbigboxcanhold50books.②Mynewschoolbagisstrongenoughtoholdallmytextbooksandnotebooks.这个大箱子能装下50本书。容纳我的新书包足够结实，能装下我所有的课本和笔记本。holdv.①Shewasholdingalargebox.②Hewasholdingthebabyinhisarms.她提着一只大箱子。拿着；抓住；抱住他抱着婴儿。holdv.召开；举行Themeetingwillbeheldinthecommunitycentre.会议将在社区活动中心举行。1.Thisbigclassroomcanholdover50studentsforlessons.2.Pleaseholdyourtextbookinyourhand-we’llreadtogethersoon.3.Ourschoolwillholdasportsmeetingnextmonth.英译汉。这间大教室能容纳50多名学生上课。请把课本拿在手里，我们马上一起朗读。我们学校下个月会举行运动会。

4.Thisgoesonandon,sotheoceanisjustlikethe"heart"oftheearth.这样循环往复，所以海洋就像是地球的“心脏”一般。goonandon

①Therainwentonandonallnight,sowecouldn’tgooutthismorning.②Thenoisefromthestreetwentonandonlastnight-Icouldn’tsleepwell.雨下了一整晚没完没了，所以我们今早没法出门。继续下去；持续不断昨晚街上的噪音一直持续不断，我没睡好。5.Plantsinwetlandshelpgetridofpollutionandmakethewaterclean.湿地中的植物有助于清除污染，并使水质变得清澈。getridof①Thestudentsworkedtogethertogetridofthetrasharoundtheschoolgarden.②Shetriedhardtogetridofthebadhabitofbitinghernails.学生们一起清理掉了学校花园周围的垃圾。清除；摆脱她努力想要摆脱咬指甲的坏习惯。6.Wetlandscanalsohelppreventfloods.湿地还能起到防洪的作用。preventv.①Weshoulduseclothbagstopreventplasticpollution.②Thesignnearthelakepreventspeoplefromthrowingtrashintothewater.我们应该用布袋来防止塑料污染。防止，阻止湖边的牌子禁止人们往水里扔垃圾。preventsb.(from)doingsth

阻止某人做某事Theheavyraindidn’t______us_________goingtotheforesttowatchthebirdslastSunday.A.stop;toB.prevent;fromC.keep;ofD.protect;with单项选择。7.Forestsmakeupnearlyathirdoftheearth'slandarea.森林占地球陆地面积的近三分之一。makeup

①Girlsmakeup40percentofthewholeclass.②Lifeismadeupofhappinessandsadness.女生占整个班级的40%。形成；构成生活由快乐和悲伤共同组成的。bemadeupof...

由……构成A.Theteacheraskedthechildrentomakeupastory.一词多义Matchthesentenceswiththepicturesandthenguessthemeaningof“makeup”ineachsentence.B.Theactorsstartedtomakeupfortheschoolplay.C.Thedictionarycost10dollarsandTedonlyhad8dollars,sohisfathermadeupthedifference(差额).创造；编造化妆；打扮补足；凑足1.Thelittleboystillneeds5yuantomakeupthenumber.

2.Thedirectormadethebeautifulgirlupasanoldwomanfortheplay.3.Thestudentsmadeupawonderfulstoryinclass.

英译汉。小男孩仍需要5元才能凑足这个数。在这部剧中，导演把这个漂亮女孩化妆成一位老妇人。学生们在课堂上编了一个精彩的故事。8.Plantstheretakeincarbondioxidefromtheairandproduceoxygen.森林里的植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并产生氧气。takein

①Wetakeinfreshairwhenwewalkintheparkeverymorning.②Humanstakeinoxygenandbreatheoutcarbondioxide.每天早上在公园散步时，我们会吸入新鲜空气。吸收，吸入人吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳。①Theplanetookoffanhourlate.②

Twoburgerstotakeaway,please.③Reporterstookdowneverywordofhisspeech.④

Heneedstotakecareofhislittlesisterafterschooleveryday.飞机起飞晚了一个小时。请来两份汉堡包，带走。take的其他短语takeoff起飞takeaway

拿走记者把他讲的每一句话都记录了下来。takedown写下；记录他每天放学后要照顾他的小妹妹。takecareof照顾；照料1.Someone________________mydictionarywhenIwasout.2.Theplaneisgoingto____________.ItwilllandinAmerica.3.Youshould_______________theplantsinyourclassroom-don’tforgettowaterthem.4.Please_____________thenotesontheblackboard.5.Whenyoublowoutcandles,becarefulnotto_________toomuchsmoke.用方框中的短语的适当形式填空。tookawaytakeofftakecareoftakeintakeawaytakedowntakeofftakecareoftakedowntakein9.Theyalsotrap

harmfulthingsintheirleavesandhelpcleantheair.它们还会将有害物质吸收到叶子里，并有助于净化空气。

trapv.①Thespongecantrapwaterquickly.②Thiskindofsoilcantraprainwater,sotheflowersheredon’tneedmuchwatering.海绵能很快吸收水。吸收这种土壤能吸收雨水，所以这里的花不需要多浇水。

trapv.①Theyweretrappedintheburningbuilding.②

Heavysnowtrappedthefamilyintheirhousefortwodays.​他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。使落入险境大雪把这家人困在家里两天。harmfuladj.①Eatingtoomuchcandyisharmfultoourteeth.②Toomuchsunwithoutprotectioncanbeharmful.吃太多糖果对我们的牙齿有害。有害的毫无防护地晒太久太阳可能是有害的。beharmfulto

对……有害1.Smokingisharmfultoboththesmokerandthepeoplearoundthem.2.Someplants’leavescantrapsmalldropsofrain,sotheydon’tdryouteasily.英译汉。吸烟对吸烟者本人和周围的人都有害。有些植物的叶子能吸收小雨滴，所以它们不容易干旱。Whenfinishing,exchangeyourpaperstogradeeachother.(Scoreonepointforeachcorrectanswer.)NameScoreN