专四真题典型例句及答案

专四真题典型例句及答案

一、单项选择题（每题2分）1.Thecompany'ssuccessislargelyduetothe______ofitsmanagementteam.A.efficiencyB.effectivenessC.expertiseD.enthusiasm答案：B2.Inthecontextofcommunication,theterm"decoding"refersto:A.theprocessofcreatingamessageB.theprocessoftransmittingamessageC.theprocessofinterpretingamessageD.theprocessofreceivingamessage答案：C3.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofformallanguage?A.useofslangB.useofcontractionsC.useofcomplexsentencestructuresD.useofcolloquialisms答案：C4.Thestudyoflanguageinsocietyisknownas:A.sociolinguisticsB.psycholinguisticsC.appliedlinguisticsD.historicallinguistics答案：A5.Theterm"register"inlinguisticsrefersto:A.thevarietyoflanguageusedbyaparticulargroupB.thelevelofformalityinlanguageuseC.thehistoricaldevelopmentofalanguageD.thestructureofalanguage答案：B6.Inthesentence"Sheisreadingabook,"theword"reading"isa:A.nounB.verbC.adjectiveD.adverb答案：B7.Theprocessofaddingasuffixtoawordtochangeitsmeaningiscalled:A.derivationB.inflectionC.compoundingD.conversion答案：A8.Theterm"pragmatics"inlinguisticsrefersto:A.thestudyofthehistoryoflanguagesB.thestudyofhowlanguageisusedinsocialcontextsC.thestudyofthestructureofsoundsinalanguageD.thestudyoftheoriginoflanguages答案：B9.Theuseoflanguagetopersuadeorinfluenceothersisknownas:A.rhetoricB.syntaxC.semanticsD.phonology答案：A10.Theterm"dialect"inlinguisticsrefersto:A.avarietyoflanguagespokenbyaparticulargroupB.thestandardformofalanguageC.thestudyoflanguagestructureD.thestudyoflanguageuse答案：A二、多项选择题（每题2分）1.Whichofthefollowingarecharacteristicsofwrittenlanguage?A.itismorepermanentB.itismoreinformalC.itallowsforrevisionD.itismoreimmediate答案：A,C2.Thefollowingareallpartsofspeechexcept:A.nounB.verbC.adjectiveD.frequency答案：D3.Thefollowingareallexamplesoflanguageregistersexcept:A.formalB.informalC.technicalD.poetic答案：D4.Thefollowingareallaspectsofsociolinguisticsexcept:A.languagevariationB.languagechangeC.languageandidentityD.languagestructure答案：D5.Thefollowingareallprocessesofwordformationexcept:A.derivationB.inflectionC.compoundingD.grammaticalization答案：D6.Thefollowingareallexamplesofpragmaticfunctionsoflanguageexcept:A.informingB.persuadingC.entertainingD.describing答案：D7.Thefollowingareallpartsofthespeechacttheoryexcept:A.locutionaryactB.illocutionaryactC.perlocutionaryactD.metalinguisticact答案：D8.Thefollowingareallexamplesoflanguageacquisitionmethodsexcept:A.immersionB.formalinstructionC.naturalisticlearningD.languageanalysis答案：D9.Thefollowingareallaspectsofdiscourseanalysisexcept:A.cohesionB.coherenceC.syntaxD.pragmatics答案：C10.Thefollowingareallexamplesoflanguagecontactphenomenaexcept:A.borrowingB.code-switchingC.languagedeathD.languagechange答案：C三、判断题（每题2分）1.Formallanguageismoreappropriateforacademicwritingthaninformallanguage.答案：正确2.Thestudyofhowlanguageisusedinsocialcontextsisknownassociolinguistics.答案：正确3.Theprocessofaddingaprefixtoawordtochangeitsmeaningiscalledderivation.答案：错误4.Theterm"register"inlinguisticsreferstothelevelofformalityinlanguageuse.答案：正确5.Thestudyofthehistoryoflanguagesisknownashistoricallinguistics.答案：正确6.Theuseoflanguagetopersuadeorinfluenceothersisknownasrhetoric.答案：正确7.Theterm"dialect"inlinguisticsreferstoavarietyoflanguagespokenbyaparticulargroup.答案：正确8.Theprocessofcreatingamessageisknownasencoding.答案：正确9.Thestudyofhowlanguageisacquiredbychildrenisknownaspsycholinguistics.答案：正确10.Theterm"pragmatics"inlinguisticsreferstothestudyofhowlanguageisusedinsocialcontexts.答案：正确四、简答题（每题5分）1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenformalandinformallanguage?答案：Formallanguageischaracterizedbyahighlevelofpoliteness,respect,andcorrectness,whileinformallanguageismorecasualandrelaxed.Formallanguageisoftenusedinacademic,professional,andofficialcontexts,whileinformallanguageisusedinsocialandpersonalcontexts.Formallanguagetypicallyavoidsslang,contractions,andcolloquialisms,whileinformallanguageoftenincludestheseelements.2.Whatistheimportanceofpragmaticsinlanguageuse?答案：Pragmaticsisimportantinlanguageusebecauseithelpsusunderstandhowlanguageisusedinsocialcontexts.Ithelpsusinterpretthemeaningofmessagesbeyondtheirliteralmeaning,andithelpsususelanguageappropriatelyindifferentsituations.Pragmaticsalsohelpsusunderstandhowcontextaffectslanguageuse,andithelpsusnavigatecomplexsocialinteractions.3.Whatarethemainstagesoflanguageacquisition?答案：Themainstagesoflanguageacquisitionarethepre-linguisticstage,theone-wordstage,thetwo-wordstage,themulti-wordstage,andtheadultstage.Inthepre-linguisticstage,infantsusecryingandothernon-verbalmeanstocommunicate.Intheone-wordstage,childrenusesinglewordstocommunicate.Inthetwo-wordstage,childrenusetwo-wordcombinationstocommunicate.Inthemulti-wordstage,childrenuselongersentencestocommunicate.Intheadultstage,childrencontinuetodeveloptheirlanguageskillsandbecomemoreproficientinusinglanguage.4.Whatistheroleofdiscourseanalysisinunderstandinglanguageuse?答案：Discourseanalysisplaysacrucialroleinunderstandinglanguageusebecauseithelpsusanalyzehowlanguageisusedinsocialcontexts.Ithelpsusunderstandhowlanguageisusedtocreatemeaning,howitisusedtoconstructsocialrelationships,andhowitisusedtoachievedifferentpurposes.Discourseanalysisalsohelpsusunderstandhowlanguagevariesacrossdifferentcontextsandhowitisusedtocreatedifferenteffects.五、讨论题（每题5分）1.Howdoeslanguagevariationaffectcommunication?答案：Languagevariationcanaffectcommunicationinbothpositiveandnegativeways.Ontheonehand,languagevariationcanhelpustoexpressourselvesmoreeffectivelybyallowingustousedifferentformsoflanguagetosuitdifferentcontextsandaudiences.Ontheotherhand,languagevariationcanalsocreatebarrierstocommunicationbymakingitdifficultforpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundstounderstandeachother.Itisimportanttobeawareoflanguagevariationandtouselanguageappropriatelyindifferentcontextstoensureeffectivecommunication.2.Whatarethechallengesoflanguageacquisitionforsecondlanguagelearners?答案：Thechallengesoflanguageacquisitionforsecondlanguagelearnersarenumerousandvaried.Theyincludethechallengeofmasteringthesounds,grammar,andvocabularyofanewlanguage,thechallengeofdevelopingfluencyandaccuracyinusingthelanguage,andthechallengeofunderstandingtheculturalcontextinwhichthelanguageisused.Secondlanguagelearnersalsofacethechallengeofovercomingtheirfirstlanguagehabitsanddevelopingnewlanguagehabits.3.Howdoessociolinguisticshelpusunderstandlanguageuseinsociety?答案：Sociolinguisticshelpsusunderstandlanguageuseinsocietybyprovidingaframeworkforanalyzinghowlanguagevariesacrossdifferentsocialgroupsandcontexts.Ithelpsusunderstandhowlanguageisusedtoconstructsocialidentities,howitis