高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语A 文体分类练5　说明文之新概念类

文体分类练(五)说明文之新概念类高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025Passage

1(2024山东淄博一模)主题:曝光效应

词数:348

难度:★★★☆☆Wouldyouratherwatchanewmovie,oranoldfavorite?Wouldyourathertryadishyou’veneverhadatarestaurant,orstickwithsomethingyouknowyou’lllike?Researchersstudyingthe“mereexposureeffect”havefoundthatweoftenpreferthefamiliartothenovel.Peopledidn’tneedtoexperiencearewardorpositiveoutcomewhilearoundtheobject—simplybeingexposedtotheobjectwouldbeenoughtomakepeoplelikeit.Totestthis,socialpsychologistRobertZajonchadparticipantsreadwordsinaforeignlanguageoutloudandvariedhowoftenparticipantsreadeachword(upto25repetitions).Next,afterreadingthewords,participantswereaskedtoguessatthemeaningofeachwordbyfillingoutaratingscale(indicatinghowpositiveornegativetheythoughtthemeaningofthewordwas).Hefoundthatparticipantslikedwordsthattheyhadsaidmoreoften,whilewordsthatparticipantshadn’treadatallwereratedmorenegatively,andwordsthathadbeenread25timeswereratedhighest.Justthemereexposuretothewordwasenoughtomakeparticipantslikeitmore.Oneplacewherethemereexposureeffectoccursisinadvertising.Itexplainswhyseeingthesameadvertisementmultipletimescouldbemoreconvincingthanjustseeingitonce.Ofcourse,there’sacautionhere:themereexposureeffectdoesn’thappenforthingsweinitiallydislike.Researchershavefoundthatourlikingforavarietyofthings(includingpictures,sounds,foods,andsmells)canbeincreasedwithrepeatedexposure,suggestingthatthemereexposureeffectisn’tlimitedtojustoneofoursenses.Additionally,researchershavefoundthatthemereexposureeffectoccursinstudieswithhumanresearchparticipantsaswellasinstudieswithnon-humananimals.Anotherkeyfindingfromthisanalysiswasthatparticipantseventuallystartedtolikeobjectslessaftermanyrepeatedexposures.Inotherwords,asmallernumberofrepeatedexposureswillmakeyoulikesomethingmore——but,iftherepeatedexposurescontinue,youcouldeventuallygettiredofit.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了曝光效应,即一种我们会偏好自己熟悉的事物的心理现象。本文阐述了曝光效应的提出、应用及原理。1.What

is

the

key

factor

in

Robert

Zajonc’s

test?A.Frequency.

B.Preference.C.Originality.

D.Achievement.答案

A解析

细节理解题。根据第二段中“To

test

this,social

psychologist

Robert

Zajonc

had

participants

read

words

in

a

foreign

language

out

loud

and

varied

how

often

participants

read

each

word

(up

to

25

repetitions).”可知,Robert

Zajonc测试的关键因素是频率。2.Which

of

the

following

is

an

example

of

the

“mere-exposure

effect”?A.We

favor

an

advertisement

at

the

first

sight.B.A

student

joined

in

the

club

because

of

love.C.We

are

more

convinced

of

what

we

met

before.D.A

student

read

as

many

English

words

as

possible.答案

C解析

推理判断题。根据第一段中“Researchers

studying

the‘mere

exposure

effect’have

found

that

we

often

prefer

the

familiar

to

the

novel.”可知,C选项“我们更相信以前遇见的”是曝光效应的例子。3.What

can

we

learn

about

the

“mere

exposure

effect”

according

to

paragraph

4?A.It

is

the

result

of

advertising.B.It

has

nothing

to

do

with

animals.C.It

is

true

of

what

we

dislike

at

first.D.It

can

be

applied

to

multiple

senses.答案

D解析

细节理解题。根据第四段中“Researchers

have

found

that

our

liking

for

a

variety

of

things

(including

pictures,sounds,foods,and

smells)

can

be

increased

with

repeated

exposure,suggesting

that

the

mere

exposure

effect

isn’t

limited

to

just

one

of

our

senses.”可知,“曝光效应”可以应用于多种感官。4.What

is

the

text

mainly

about?A.More

love

because

of

more

exposures.B.The

study

on

the

“mere

exposure

effect”.C.Better

results

from

the

earlier

exposures.D.The

application

of

the

“mere

exposure

effect”.答案

B解析

主旨大意题。本文介绍了曝光效应,即一种我们会偏好自己熟悉的事物的心理现象。本文阐述了曝光效应的提出、应用及原理。Passage

2

(2024山东菏泽一模)主题:多力多滋理论

词数:336难度:★★★★☆TheapparentcomplexitiesoftheTikTokalgorithm(算法)mayactuallybeassimpleasabagofchips.Inavideowithmorethan700,000views,creatorCelesteArialaidouther“Doritotheory”,whichsheusestoexplaintheaddictivenatureofendlessly-scrollingsocialmediafeeds.Everyonehasatopictheyjustcan’tstopthinkingabout,andAria’sRomanEmpireisDoritos.Inherpopularvideo,sheexpressesthatTikTokscrollingissoaddictivebecauseitisneverfullysatisfying.LikeaDorito,ascrollingsessionontheForYouPageismoststimulatingduringthefirstfewbites.Theendofthechiporvideobringsadesiretostartconsuminganotherone,thusreturningtothatfirst-bitefeeling.

Essentially,theDoritotheorysuggeststhatactivitieslikeeatingDoritos,whichprovideaquickburstofpleasurebutlacklastingsatisfaction,canbehighlyaddictive.Ariacomparedittoconsumingfoodsthatofferdeepersatisfaction,likeaheartysteak,wherethefeelingoffullnessandcontentmentlastslonger.Thetheorycanapplytoalotofdifferentexperiences,butit’sparticularlywell-suitedasametaphorforthedopamine(多巴胺)booststhatoccurwhilescrollingthroughsocialmediafeeds.Dr.JamieSorenson,aboard-certifiedpsychiatrist,saidthattheDoritotheoryisconsistentwithexistingideasregardingaddiction.“Themoreimmediatetherewardis,themorelikelywearetorepeatthatbehavior,whetherit’seatingDoritosorscrollingonsocialmedia.”Ariamaynotbealicensedmedicalprofessional,butshetreatsjunkfoodthewayanynutritionistwould.“I’drecommendjusttryingtoremoveanythingthatyouthinkfallsintotheDoritocategory,”shesaysinhervideo.TheDoritotheorytrendhasledtoreflectionsonthenatureofaddictionandthepursuitofinstantsatisfactionintoday’ssociety,resonating(共鸣)withmanyTikTokuserswhorecognizesimilarpatternsintheirownlives.So,itfeelslikeit’sonlyamatteroftimebeforeDoritosrespondstoAria’stheory.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Aria用她提出的多力多滋理论解释了社交媒体无尽滚动信息流为何具有高度成瘾性,这一理论引起了广大群众的共鸣,已成为一个热点话题。5.What

do

the

underlined

words

“Roman

Empire”

in

paragraph

2

probably

refer

to?A.A

video.B.A

subject.C.A

country.D.A

snack.答案

B解析

词句猜测题。根据画线词前“Everyone

has

a

topic

they

just

can’t

stop

thinking

about”可推知,Aria的话题是多力多滋薯片,故B项“话题”与画线词含义一致。6.What

makes

Aria

addicted

to

chips

according

to

the

text?A.Social

media.B.Different

flavors.C.Lasting

satisfaction.D.First-bite

feeling.答案

D解析

细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Like

a

Dorito,a

scrolling

session

on

the

For

You

Page

is

most

stimulating

during

the

first

few

bites.The

end

of

the

chip

or

video

brings

a

desire

to

start

consuming

another

one,thus

returning

to

that

first-bite

feeling.”可知,Aria对薯片上瘾正是由于这种“第一口”的感觉。7.How

does

Aria

explain

the

Dorito

theory?A.By

introducing

a

concept.B.By

conducting

an

experiment.C.By

making

a

comparison.D.By

quoting

an

expert’s

words.答案

C解析

推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“In

her

popular

video,she

expresses

that

TikTok

scrolling

is

so

addictive

because

it

is

never

fully

satisfying.Like

a

Dorito,a

scrolling

session

on

the

For

You

Page

is

most

stimulating

during

the

first

few

bites.The

end

of

the

chip

or

video

brings

a

desire

to

start

consuming

another

one,thus

returning

to

that

first-bite

feeling.”可知,Aria通过类比的方式阐述了多力多滋理论。8.What

is

a

suitable

title

for

the

text?A.TikTok:an

appealing

platformB.Celeste

Aria:an

insightful

discovererC.Chips

or

steaks:a

challenging

choiceD.The

Dorito

theory:an

ongoing

hit

online答案

D解析

主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了Aria的多力多滋理论,且这一理论引起了广大群众的共鸣,已成为一个热点话题,故D项“多力多滋理论:一个网络上持续走红的热点”适合作为文章的标题。Passage

3

(2024浙江温州二模)主题:宜家效应

词数:321

难度:★★★★★Wheninstantcakemixesfirstappearedinthe1950s,Americanhousewivesweredoubtful.Thesemixes,promisingeasycake-baking,felttooeasy.Themanufacturersdiscoveredthatrequiringtheadditionofanegginthebakingprocesswasjustenoughtomakethehousewiveshappywiththeirwork.Thegreatersenseofeffortgainedfromalittleextralaborisbelievedtohavebeenessentialtothelatersuccessofthecakemix.ThisreflectstheIKEAeffect(宜家效应),whichisidentifiedbypsychologistMichaelI.Nortonandhiscolleagues,suggestingweplacegreatervalueonthingswehaveworkedtocreate.Theyconductedfourstudiesinwhichtheyaskedparticipantstofoldpapercranesandfrogs,assembleIKEAboxes,andbuildsetsofLegos.Theythenaskedthebuilderstobid(出价)fortheircreations,andcomparedthepriceswithbidsfrompeoplewhohadn’tbuiltthem.Thebuildersconsistentlyoutbidthenon-builders.Interestingly,theIKEAeffectworksevenwhenpeoplehavenoopportunitytofullypersonalizetheircreations.Whilemostparticipants’foldingskillsleftmuchtobedesired,theylovedtheirimperfectlypersonalizedproductsallthemore.Buildersvaluedtheirwrinkledcrane-likecreationsnearlyfivetimesasmuchasnon-builders.Beauty,itseems,isintheeyeofthebuilder.

Today,ascitiesaresufferingfromseverehousingcrises,theIKEAeffectcangiveusinsightintothewell-beingbenefitsofaself-buildingapproachtohousingdevelopment.ProjectslikeWikiHouseandthe“half-a-house”approachpioneeredbyAlejandroAravena’sarchitecturecompanyElementalareworkingtomakehousingmoreaffordableandsustainablebymakingiteasierforpeopletobuildandpersonalizetheirownhomes.“Themomentpeopleareinvolvedwiththeirbuiltenvironment,theyhaveatotallydifferentrelationshiptoit,”WikiHouseco-founderAlastairParvinexplained.“Whentheroofstartsleakingoradoorstartscreaking,theyhavethepowertofixitthemselves.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文通过讨论宜家效应以及几个实验研究的结果,论述了人们更加珍视自己亲手创造的东西,并由此引发了对自我建造住房的好处的思考。9.What

brought

customers

the

joy

of

cake-baking

according

to

paragraph

1?A.A

better

taste.

B.An

easy

approach.C.A

detailed

recipe.

D.An

additional

effort.答案

D解析

细节理解题。根据第一段中“The

manufacturers

discovered

that

requiring

the

addition

of

an

egg

in

the

baking

process