高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语A 第1讲　破解读后续写2大策略

第1讲破解读后续写2大策略高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025策略一熟知评分标准策略二遵循4步解题目录索引0102考情表解卷别年份原文文体主题原文词数主题语境主题内容新课标Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷2024记叙文人与社会与出租车司机的诚信之约3252023记叙文人与自我老师帮助作者培养写作兴趣3182022记叙文人与自我鼓励残疾学生参加越野赛跑308命题趋势读后续写所选材料以记叙文为主,且具有一定的故事性、趣味性和延展性,便于考生发挥想象力进行续写。上下文连贯性较强,语言难度适中,便于考生感知、品读和借鉴使用。给出续写段落首句,在一定程度上限制着故事的发展方向,防止想象漫无边际。策略一熟知评分标准档次评分标准解读第七档(22—25分)①内容新颖、丰富,富有逻辑,续写完整,与原文情境融洽度高;②词汇和语法结构丰富恰当,语言错误少;③上下文衔接有效,结构清晰,意义连贯。第六档(18—21分)①内容丰富、合理,较有逻辑性,续写较为完整,与原文情境融洽度较高;②词汇和语法结构恰当,有个别错误;③衔接手段比较有效,结构比较清晰,意义比较连贯。档次评分标准解读第五档(15—17分)①内容合理,有一定的逻辑性,续写基本完整,与原文情境相关;②词汇和语法结构使用比较恰当,有些许错误;③使用了衔接手段,结构比较清晰,意义比较连贯。第四档(11—14分)①内容完整,有些情节不合理或逻辑性不强,与原文基本相关;②使用了简单的词汇和语法结构,有部分语言错误,个别部分影响理解;③有衔接意识,结构基本清晰,意义基本连贯。档次评分标准解读第三档(6—10分)①内容和逻辑上有一些重大问题,续写不够完整,与原文有一定程度脱节;②使用的词汇有限、语法结构单调,错误多,影响理解;③不能使用衔接手段,全文结构不够清晰,意义欠连贯。第二档(1—5分)①内容和逻辑上有重大问题,内容抄自原文,续写不完整,与原文基本脱节;②使用的词汇、语法结构有限,错误极多,严重影响理解;③几乎没有使用衔接手段,全文结构不清晰,意义不连贯。第一档(0分)未作答;内容太少,无法评判;所写内容全部抄自原文或与题目不相关。评分细则1.本题总分为25分,按七个档次进行评分。2.评分时,应主要从内容、词汇语法和篇章结构三个方面考虑,具体为:(1)续写内容的质量、完整性以及与原文情境的融洽度;(2)所使用词汇和语法结构的准确性、恰当性和多样性;(3)上下文的衔接和全文的连贯性。3.评分时,应先根据作答的整体情况确定其所属的档次,然后以该档次的要求来综合衡量,确定或调整档次,最后给分。4.评分时还应注意:(1)词数少于120的,酌情扣分;(2)书写较差以致影响交际的,酌情扣分;(3)单词拼写和标点符号是写作规范的重要方面,评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑,英、美式拼写及词汇用法均可接受。策略二遵循4步解题[典例印证](2022新高考Ⅰ卷)Itwasthedayofthebigcross-countryrun.Studentsfromsevendifferentprimaryschoolsinandaroundthesmalltownwerewarmingupandwalkingtheroute(路线)throughthickevergreenforest.IlookedaroundandfinallyspottedDavid,whowasstandingbyhimselfofftothesidebyafence.Hewassmallfortenyearsold.Hisusualbigtoothysmilewasabsenttoday.Iwalkedoverandaskedhimwhyhewasn’twiththeotherchildren.Hehesitatedandthensaidhehaddecidednottorun.Whatwaswrong?Hehadworkedsohardforthisevent!Iquicklysearchedthecrowdfortheschool’scoachandaskedhimwhathadhappened.“Iwasafraidthatkidsfromotherschoolswouldlaughathim,”heexplaineduncomfortably.“Igavehimthechoicetorunornot,andlethimdecide.”Ibitbackmyfrustration(懊恼).Iknewthecoachmeantwell—hethoughthewasdoingtherightthing.AftermakingsurethatDavidcouldrunifhewanted,Iturnedtofindhimcomingtowardsme,hissmallbodyrockingfromsidetosideasheswunghisfeetforward.Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren,butatschoolhisclassmatesthoughtofhimasaregularkid.Healwaysparticipatedtothebestofhisabilityinwhatevertheyweredoing.ThatwaswhynoneofthechildrenthoughtitunusualthatDavidhaddecidedtojointhecross-countryteam.Itjusttookhimlonger—that’sall.Davidhadnotmissedasinglepractice,andalthoughhealwaysfinishedhisrunlongaftertheotherchildren,hedidalwaysfinish.Asaspecialeducationteacherattheschool,IwasfamiliarwiththechallengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Wesatdownnexttoeachother,butDavidwouldn’tlookatme.IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.步骤一读透文本1.主题分析

通过原文和续写段首句可知:本文讲述了小学生David因脑疾无法像常人一样跑步,害怕被嘲笑而决定放弃准备已久的越野跑,在特殊教育老师“我”的鼓励下,最终成功完成越野跑的故事。故事的主题是“直面挑战,超越自我”。续写中的人物塑造、情节发展和环境描写需紧扣故事主题。2.情节分析

①情节结构分析按照冲突(conflict)→行动(action)→解决(resolution)的结构模式分析:本文的情节结构是David怕被嘲笑,决定不参加越野跑(冲突)→在“我”的鼓励下,David决定勇敢面对挑战、参加越野跑(行动)→David经过努力,成功完成越野跑(解决)。②情节线索分析原文展示了故事的“冲突”部分,续写两段分别为故事的“行动”和“解决”部分。故事围绕David是否参加越野跑展开。越野跑是故事的情节线索之一。根据原文,David因害怕被嘲笑而决定不参加越野跑,但事实上他在赛前刻苦训练,为越野跑全力以赴,经过“我”的鼓励,David决定直面挑战并成功完成比赛。David的情感变化是故事的另一个情节线索,从跑前到跑后,David有以下情感变化:determined(训练时)→afraidofbeinglaughedat(越野跑前)→determined(经过“我”的鼓励)→proud(越野跑后)。续写两段的内容需围绕越野跑和David的心理变化展开。③情节安排技巧分析在原文中,David虽因脑疾无法像其他孩子一样正常跑步,但每次练习都全力以赴、做到最好。该情节(Hehadworkedsohardforthisevent!...Healwaysparticipatedtothebestofhisabilityinwhatevertheyweredoing...Davidhadnotmissedasinglepractice,andalthoughhealwaysfinishedhisrunlongaftertheotherchildren,hedidalwaysfinish.)为David最终成功完成越野跑埋下了伏笔。续写第一段中“我”对David的鼓励应与原文中David想参加越野跑但害怕被嘲笑的情节呼应。续写第二段中David越野跑中的具体表现应与原文中他因脑疾而跑步困难的情节呼应。3.人物分析

①主次人物及人物关系分析根据原文和续写两段的段首句可知,David和“我”是故事的主要人物,二人是师生关系;教练和其他同学是次要人物。根据续写两段的段首句可知,在续写第一段中,会出现主要人物David和“我”。在续写第二段中,David和“我”仍然是主要人物,次要人物(教练和其他同学)可能会出现。②人物特点分析根据插叙内容(Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren...)与David的外貌(Hewassmallfortenyearsold.)、动作(hissmallbodyrockingfromsidetosideasheswunghisfeetforward)和神态(Hisusualbigtoothysmilewasabsenttoday.),可以总结出David“身残志坚”的人物形象。根据原文中关于“我”(walkedoverandasked,quicklysearchedthecrowdfortheschool’scoach,bitbackmyfrustration,wasproudofhisstrongdetermination)和次要人物(thecoachmeantwell,hisclassmatesthoughtofhimasaregularkid)的描写,可以总结出大家对David的关爱。在续写中,应根据主次人物的特点进行合理的人物刻画。David在前文中的形象是“身残志坚”,续写中可以从这一人物特点出发设计David比赛过程中的具体表现。4.环境分析

根据原文和续写段首句可知,故事的“冲突”和“行动”部分发生在孩子们去参加越野跑经过的常绿林(evergreenforest)中,故事的“解决”部分发生在越野跑线路上。5.表达技巧分析

①语言技巧分析故事采用第一人称视角,使用了记叙(包括顺叙和插叙)和描写的表达方式。②语言特点分析故事语言通俗易懂,形象生动。语篇长短句结合,包含简单句、并列句和复合句(如定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句)三大基本句型,词汇丰富,衔接自然。续写时应注意保持语言特点的统一,可适当使用高级句式。步骤二构思情节1.构思续写两段情节根据故事的主题、情节、人物和环境分析,原文呈现了故事的“冲突”部分:David怕被嘲笑,决定不参加越野跑。续写两段分别是故事的“行动”和“解决”部分:在“我”的鼓励下,David决定勇敢面对挑战,参加越野跑(行动)→David经过努力,成功完成越野跑(解决)。2.构思续写“四点”内容通过续写两段的段首句,可以确定每段故事的情节发展、场景和人物。

Paragraph1:Wesatdownnexttoeachother,butDavidwouldn’tlookatme.①根据第一段段首句可知,本段故事场景为越野跑赛场下,接下来“我”要和David进行沟通,鼓励他参加越野跑。②根据第二段段首句可知,在第一段结尾处,David改变想法,决定参加越野跑。

Paragraph2:IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.①根据第二段段首句可知,本段故事场景为越野跑线路上,接下来应该是David参加越野跑的具体表现。②根据故事主题和情节结构分析,段尾应该是David成功完成越野跑的场景。

3.构思续写段落细节续写第一段情节构思:展开细节时,可以尝试回答如下问题并考虑多种可能性:①WhatdidIsaytoencourageDavidtojointhecross-countryrun?②HowdidDavidreacttomyencouragement?③WhatwasDavid’sdecisionafterthetalk?根据以上问题,续写第一段的具体情节可以是:“我”通过分析David很想参加越野跑却害怕被嘲笑的心理,鼓励他勇敢面对挑战、超越自我→David在“我”的鼓励下由消极变得积极→David下定决心参加越野跑(坚定)。续写第二段情节构思:展开细节并照应主题时,可以尝试回答如下问题并考虑多种可能性:①WhatdifficultydidDavidhaveinthecross-countryrun?②HowdidpeoplereacttoDavid’sperformanceintherun?③Whatwastheresultofthecross-countryrun?根据以上问题,续写第二段的具体情节可以是:David在越野跑中落后或出现意外情况(紧张/担心)→他人对David的鼓励和关爱→David成功完成越野跑(兴奋/自豪)。步骤三打磨写作1.创作初稿:We

sat

down

next

to

each

other,but

David

wouldn’t

look

at

me.Iknewhefearedthatothersmightlaughathim.Icomfortedandencouragedhim.Afterhearingmywords,Davidmadehisdecisiontorun.I

watched

as

David

moved

up

to

the

starting

line

with

the

other

runners.Somestudentsfromotherschoolslookedathimcuriously.David’sschoolmateswelcomedhim.Davidfelloverbecauseoftheslipperymudbuthegotupandcontinued.FinallyhecrossedthefinishinglineandIwasproudofhim.2.优化初稿:We

sat

down

next

to

each

other,but

David

wouldn’t

look

at

me.Hisconfidencewasindangerofburstinglikeabubble.Itwasclearthathefearedhewouldbejudgedforhisappearanceratherthanhischaracter.KnowingDavidtrustedme,Iclearedmythroatandsaid,“Beautifulforest,isn’tit?”Slowlyandcuriously,heraisedhisheadandlookedaround.Icontinued,“That’sbecausethosetreesneverstopreachingforthesky,regardlessoftheirpositionorshape.Theyneverletothersdefinethem.”Onhearingthis,Davidgotupwithoutaword.Buttherewasasparkleinhiseyes.Hehadmadeadecision.I

watched

as

David

moved

up

to

the

starting

line

with

the

other

runners.Hereceivedcuriousglancesfromrunnersfromotherschoolsbutawarmwelcomefromhisschoolmates.ThencameashotfromthestartingpistolandDaviddashedforward.Theslipperymudthrewhimoffbalance,buthegotupwithdetermination.Seeinghimdisappearintothewoods,Iheadedforthedestinationwiththeschool’scoach.Manyrunnerswithdrewfromtheracealongtheway,butnotDavid.Heboundedandhobbledandploddedtowardsthefinishingline,wheretheaudiencecheeredloudlyashecrossed.Ifeltproudtoseethatbig,toothysmilebackonhisface.【名师点评】1.初稿第一段开头提到David的担心的状态。优化后的内容使用了比喻的修辞手法,形象生动地展现了David对自己没有信心的状态(...wasindangerofburstinglikeabubble)并加入了

“我”的心理描写(Itwasclearthathefeared...),使得David和“我”的人物形象更加真实饱满。2.优化后的第一段中,非谓语动词结构“KnowingDavidtrustedme”的使用,描写了“我”的内心感受。此处非谓语动词作伴随状语,提升了句式多样性。3.初稿第一段中描述“我”安慰和鼓励David时写到“Icomfortedandencouragedhim.”,这是概括性的叙述。可以将这一场景展开,加入一些细节描写,如“Iclearedmythroat”并展现“我”在安慰和鼓励David的过程中说的具体内容:“我”以常绿林为例,鼓励David不要被他人定义。要像这些树一样努力成长。整个过程十分应景,与前文内容联系自然紧密。4.优化后的第一段加入了在“我”安慰和鼓励David的过程中,David的动作描写(...heraisedhisheadandlookedaround;Davidgotupwithoutaword)和神态描写(Buttherewasasparkleinhiseyes)。通过这些侧面描写展现了David在整个过程中的情绪变化,画面感很强。5.初稿第二段开头,在看到David入场后,外校学生和本校学生有不同的反应。优化的内容在展现外校学生的反应时加入了神态描写(curiousglances),呼应了前文,优化后的第二段在表现David的比赛过程时,从最开始的David向前冲“dashedforward”到后来摔倒“Theslipperymudthrewhimoffbalance”再到最后坚定地站起来“gotupwithdetermination”,一系列的动作描写将David参赛的过程展现得栩栩如生,也凸显了David不惧困难、坚定的性格特点。6.优化后的第二段中,非谓语动词结构“Seeinghimdisappearintothewoods”的使用,自然衔接了前后的场景变化(赛场上和赛场下),使得内容过渡自然。7.优化后的第二段使用多个动词展现了David冲过终点线的场景,例如“bounded”“hobbled”“plodded”,将整个画面呈现在读者面前,同时也表现出David跑步时的艰难状态,呼应了前文中David的跑步状态“...hissmallbodyrockingfromsidetosideasheswunghisfeetforward.”。8.优化后的第二段结尾,通过“我”的心理描写“Ifeltproudtosee...”升华了主题,同时照应了前文中“我”对David的看法“...proudofhisstrongdetermination”。而最后David的脸上又有了他的“big,toothysmile”更是呼应了前文中“Hisusualbigtoothysmilewasabsenttoday.”的情节,使得整个文章的内容前后非常连贯。步骤四认真誊写【多样表达】We

sat

down

next

to

each

other,but

David

wouldn’t

look

at

me.Ireachedoutmyhandandpattedhimontheshouldergently,sayingthathewasagreatboywithastrongdeterminationandthatfacedwithdifficultieshealwaystriedhisbesttoovercomethem.Davidgraduallyraisedhishead.Lookinghimintheeye,Itoldhimnottogiveupafterhehadtrainedalot.Henoddedwithgratitudeandstoodup.Ihuggedhimtightlyandthenhewalkedawayslowlybutfirmly.I

watched

as

David

moved

up

to

the

starting

line

with

the

other

runners.Whentherunbegan,helookedbackoverhisshoulderandwavedatmewithconfidence.Atthesametime,hisusualbigtoothysmileappearedonhisfaceagain.Thoughheranslowerthanothers,hekeptonrunningandrunning.Nokidsfromotherschoolsmadefunofhim.Instead,allpresentcheeredhimonandadmiredhiscourageandstrongwill.Tomyrelief,itwasthroughthisrunthatDavidbecamemuchstronger.课堂应用运用四步法完成下列读后续写:(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)ImetGunteronacold,wetandunforgettableeveninginSeptember.IhadplannedtoflytoViennaandtakeabustoPragueforaconference.Duetoabigstorm,myflighthadbeendelayedbyanhourandahalf.ItoucheddowninViennajust30minutesbeforethedepartureofthelastbustoPrague.ThemomentIgotofftheplane,Iranlikecrazythroughtheairportbuildingandjumpedintothefirsttaxiontherankwithoutasecondthought.ThatwaswhenImetGunter.ItoldhimwhereIwasgoing,buthesaidhehadn’theardofthebusstation.Ithoughtmypronunciationwastheproblem,soIexplainedagainmoreslowly,buthestilllookedconfused.WhenIwasabouttogiveup,Gunterfishedouthislittlephoneandrangupafriend.Afteraheateddiscussionthatlastedforwhatseemedlikeacentury,Gunterputhisphonedownandstartedthecar.Finally,withjusttwominutestosparewerolledintothebusstation.Thankfully,therewasalongqueue(队列)stillwaitingtoboardthebus.Gunterparkedthetaxibehindthebus,turnedaround,andlookedatmewithabigsmileonhisface.“Wemadeit,”hesaid.JustthenIrealisedthatIhadzerocashinmywallet.IflashedhimanapologeticsmileasIpulledoutmyPortuguesebankcard.Hetrieditseveraltimes,butthecardmachinejustdidnotplayalong.AfeelingofhelplessnesswashedovermeasIsawthebusqueuethinningout.Atthismoment,Gunterpointedtowardsthewaitinghallofthebusstation.There,attheentrance,wasacashmachine.Ijumpedoutofthecar,madeamadrunforthemachine,andpoppedmycardin,onlytoreadthemessage:“Outoforder.Sorry.”注意:(1)续写词数应为150个左右;(2)请按如下格式在相应位置作答。IranbacktoGunterandtoldhimthebadnews.

Fourdayslater,whenIwasbackinVienna,IcalledGunteraspromised.

参考范文I

ran

back

to

Gunter

and

told

him

the

bad

news.Learningthatthecashmachinewasoutoforder,hethoughtforawhileandcrackedasmile,saying,“Forgetthefare,please.Justcatchyourbus.”Hiswordshitmejustlikearayofsunshineonthecoldandwetevening.Ijustdidn’tknowhowtodescribemyfeelings.Filledwithexcitementandgratitude,IexpressedmysincerethankstohimandpromisedthatIwouldrepayhimafterreturningtoViennaaftertheconference.Andthenweexchangedphonenumbersandwavedgoodbye.Four

days

later,when

I

was

back

in

Vienna,I

called

Gunter

as

promised.Afterheansweredmyphone,Itoldhimwithouthishelp,Iwouldhavemissedmyconference.HearingIwantedtoseehimandrepaythetaxifare,Guntersaid,“Youareanhonestman.Butpleasekeepthemoney.”Iinsisted.SohesaidifIreallydesiredtorepayhim,nexttimeIsawothersinneedandgavethemahelpinghand.Frozenwithgreatshock,IwasmovedbyhisgestureandmadeadecisionthatIwouldpassonhiskindnesstomaketheworldfulloflove.【多样表达】

Possible

version

1I

ran

back

to

Gunter

and

told

him

the

bad

news.Iexplainedtohimtheurgencyofcatchingthebus,emphasizingthatotherwiseIwouldbeforcedtostayovernightandbuyanewticketthenextmorning.Ultimately,Isuggested,“IwillreturntoViennain4days.Ifit’sOKwithyou,Icanpayyouthen,withanadditional10eurosasagestureofmygratitude.”Followinganuncomfortablepause,hesimplynodded,saying,“Iagreetothisarrangementandtrustyou.”Ithankedhimwiththebiggestsmileyoucanimagine,andweexchangedcontactinformationbeforeIgotonthebus.Four

days

later,when

I

was

back

in

Vienna,I

called

Gun