高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语A 考点分类练5　推理判断题

考点分类练(五)推理判断题(3)高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025Passage

1(2024山东聊城一模)主题:独处

词数:306

难度:★★★☆☆

Afewyearsago,IwalkedintoPaneraandplacedmyorder.AsIsatdown,Inoticedthatatthetablenexttome,therewasanoldermanwithacapeatinghissoupalone.Atthesightofthis,afeelingofsadnessbegantowashoverme.Whywasheeatingalone?Washelonely?Didhewantsomeonetokeephimcompany?Thiswasn’tthefirsttimeI’dfeltsadwhenInoticedsomeoneeatingalone.Iautomaticallyassumethey’relonelyandneedsomeonetobethereforthem.Forsomereason,eatingwithotherpeopleisthenorm.Modernsocietyhasevolvedtothepointwheremostpeopleeatwithothersanddoalmosteveryactivitytogether.Ifweneedtogetlunchbeforeaclass,we’dratheraskaroundtoseeifsomeonewillcomewithus.Butisitpossiblewejustdon’twanttoappearlonely?Forme,it’seasytogetpressuredtohavetobearoundotherpeoplewhenIseeeveryoneelsearoundmeaccompaniedbyafriendalmostallthetime.Somanypeoplearealwaysaroundsomeoneelse,andthatmaymakepeoplethinkwealwaysneedsomeonewithustofeelbetteraboutourselves.Butthat’snottrue.Wecanenjoybeingalone.Noteveryoneneedstobeconstantlysurroundedbyfriendstobehappy.Andweshouldn’tbeafraidtoeataloneifthat’swhatwewanttodo.Wedon’thavetodowhateveryoneelsedoes.Ultimately,Idon’tthinkI’llevernotgetsadifIseesomeoneeatingalone,butI’llbearinmindthatmaybetheyjustwantabreakfromtheworld,orthatmaybetheypreferitthatway.It’simportanttorealizeseeingsomeonedoingsomethingalonedoesn’talwaysmeanthey’relonely.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲的是作者对独处的一些看法。1.Why

does

the

author

mention

her

experience

at

Panera

a

few

years

ago?A.To

introduce

the

topic

of

caring

for

old

people.B.To

start

the

discussion

about

people

eating

alone.C.To

describe

a

memorable

encounter.D.To

illustrate

the

benefits

of

eating

alone

outside.答案

B解析

推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Why

was

he

eating

alone?

Was

he

lonely?

Did

he

want

someone

to

keep

him

company?”和第二段中的“This

wasn’t

the

first

time

I’d

felt

sad

when

I

noticed

someone

eating

alone.I

automatically

assume

they’re

lonely

and

need

someone

to

be

there

for

them.”可知,作者提到她几年前在Panera的经历是为了开始讨论人们独自吃饭的问题。2.What

does

the

author

think

of

the

norm

of

eating

with

other

people?A.It

is

a

good

way

to

avoid

awkwardness.B.It

helps

maintain

social

connections.C.It

is

common

but

deserves

questioning.D.It

is

unreasonable

and

unacceptable.答案

C解析

推理判断题。根据第二段中的“For

some

reason,eating

with

other

people

is

the

norm.Modern

society

has

evolved

to

the

point...is

it

possible

we

just

don’t

want

to

appear

lonely?”可知,作者认为和别人吃饭的这种做法很常见,但值得质疑。3.How

does

the

author

feel

when

people

around

her

have

company

but

she

doesn’t?A.Uncomfortable.

B.Isolated.C.Envious.

D.Relaxed.答案

A解析

细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For

me,it’s

easy

to

get

pressured

to

have

to

be

around

other

people

when

I

see

everyone

else

around

me

accompanied

by

a

friend

almost

all

the

time.”可知,当她周围的人都有人陪伴,而她却没有时,作者感到不舒服。4.What

message

does

the

author

want

to

convey?A.Social

relationships

are

unnecessary.B.People

need

to

be

alone

to

recharge.C.Loneliness

is

unavoidable

in

our

daily

life.D.Being

alone

doesn’t

equate

to

loneliness.答案

D解析

主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“It’s

important

to

realize

seeing

someone

doing

something

alone

doesn’t

always

mean

they’re

lonely.”可知,作者想要传达的信息是独处并不等于孤独。Passage

2(2024湖南常德一模)主题:完美主义

词数:351

难度:★★★☆☆“So,Mr.Albert,you’vetoldusaboutyourstrengthsbutwhataboutyourweaknesses?”It’sacommoninterviewquestion.Towhichaclassichumblebrag(谦虚自夸)replyis,“Well,ImustadmitthatI’mabitofaperfectionist.”Afterall,whatcompanywouldn’twanttoemploysomebodywhoseeksperfection?Butitturnsoutthatthereisaprofounddifferencebetweenhigh-achieversandperfectionists.Inacruelirony,theperfectionisttraitscouldactuallypreventsomeonefromachievingtheirfullpotential.Therootsofperfectionismactuallylieinadeepdesiretofeelperfect.Mostoftenaperfectionistpersonalityisformedinreactiontosomeformofchildhoodtrauma.Forexample,followingherparents’divorce,ayounggirlmightstrivetoalwaysbegood,toalwaysbeperfectbecauseatsomelevelshebelievesthatitmusthavebeenherfaultthatherparentsseparated.Soaslongassheisperfect,nothingsoterriblewouldhappenagain.Givensuchorigins,itappearsthatthethinkingandemotionalstylesassociatedwithperfectionismareparticularlydangeroustomentalhealth.Thinkoftheharshestandmercilessperfectionistsyouknow.Theyalways,always,alwaysfindfault.Theircognitive(认知)stylesincludeall-or-nothingthinking,whereonlyperfectionisseenasanacceptableresult;fearoffailure,whereaperfectionistisdrivenbyfearratherthanpulledbytheprospectofsuccessintheirendeavors;defensivenessinthefaceofconstructivecriticism.Alloftheseseemtobelinkedtoawiderangeofpsychologicalproblemsincludingeatingdisorders,anxietyanddepression,andevensuicide.Changingthismindsetisthekeytotreatingtheconditionwhenitbecomesadisorderbutitisdifficulttoachieve.Perfectionistsareessentiallyinanabusiverelationshipwiththemselves.It’shardenoughtowithdrawfromabusiverelationshipswithothers.Howmuchharderisitwhenyouyourselfaretheabuser?Soperhapsabetteranswertotheinterviewquestionposedatthestartofthisarticlewouldbe,“IusedtobeaperfectionistbutnowI’mwellontheroadtorecovery.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了完美主义的特质实际上可能会阻碍一个人充分发挥自己的潜力,解释了完美主义产生的原因以及对心理造成的危险。5.Why

does

the

author

mention

the

interview

question

in

paragraph

1?A.To

provide

an

example.B.To

introduce

the

topic.C.To

support

the

argument.D.To

attract

readers’

interest.答案

B解析

推理判断题。根据第一段中的“After

all,what

company

wouldn’t

want

to

employ

somebody

who

seeks

perfection?

But

it

turns

out

that

there

is

a

profound

difference

between

high-achievers

and

perfectionists.In

a

cruel

irony,the

perfectionist

traits

could

actually

prevent

someone

from

achieving

their

full

potential.”可知,作者在第一段提到了面试问题是为了引入话题。6.Who

will

most

probably

become

a

perfectionist?A.A

high-achiever.B.A

person

who

always

finds

fault.C.An

overconfident

man.D.A

son

of

a

violent

alcoholic

father.答案

D解析

细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Most

often

a

perfectionist

personality

is

formed

in

reaction

to

some

form

of

childhood

trauma...nothing

so

terrible

would

happen

again.”可知,完美主义常形成于童年创伤,因此暴力酗酒父亲的儿子最有可能成为完美主义者。故选D项。7.What

does

paragraph

3

mainly

talk

about?A.Perfectionism

often

has

three

different

types.B.Perfectionism

has

a

bad

effect

on

physical

health.C.Perfectionism

is

caused

by

high

personal

standard.D.Perfectionism

is

a

risk

factor

for

psychological

disorders.答案

D解析

主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知,第三段主要讲了完美主义是心理障碍的危险因素。8.What

does

the

author

think

of

perfectionism?A.It’s

hard

for

people

to

get

rid

of

it.B.It

drives

people

to

achieve

success.C.It’s

more

of

a

strength

than

a

weakness.D.It

inevitably

leads

to

mental

problems.答案

A解析

推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Changing

this

mindset

is

the

key

to

treating

the

condition

when

it

becomes

a

disorder

but

it

is

difficult

to

achieve.”可知,作者认为人们很难摆脱完美主义。故选A项。Passage

3(2024浙江杭州一模)主题:原谅

词数:340

难度:★★★★☆

Isforgivenessagainstourhumannature?Toanswerourquestion,weneedtoaskafurtherquestion:Whatistheessenceofourhumanity?Forthesakeofsimplicity,peopleconsidertwodistinctlydifferentviewsofhumanity.Thefirstviewinvolvesdominanceandpower.Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans’essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.Thesecondviewinvolvesthethemeofcooperation,mutualrespect,andevenloveasthebasisofwhoweareashumans.Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.Forexample,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaClassicalphilosophicalperspective,thatofAristotle,weseethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationinconflictsituations,developswithpractice.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证,通过对比不同的人类本性观点,分析了“原谅”在个体和社区中的作用和意义。9.What

is

Droll’s

idea

about

forgiveness?A.People

should

offer

mercy

to

others.B.Aggressive

people

should

learn

to

forgive.C.Forgiveness

depends

on

the

nature

of

humanity.D.People

who

forgive

can

have

their

own

welfare

affected.答案

D解析

细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“In

an

early

paper

on

the

psychology

of

forgiveness...who

might

then

take

advantage

of

them.”可知,Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性,对他们造成了很大的伤害,他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时,也在损害自己的幸福。10.What

does

the

example

in

paragraph

2

illustrate?A.To

forg