高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语A 考点分类练12　主旨大意题

考点分类练(十二)主旨大意题(3)高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025Passage

1

(2024湖南衡阳二模)主题:人工智能

词数:371

难度:★★★☆☆Withartificialintelligence(AI)androbotictechnologyimprovingatimpressiverates,therearesomewhoworrythatthere’sariskofartisticandcreativepeoplebeingreplaced.AnewstudybytheKoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnology,however,isshowingexactlywhythatcan’tandshouldn’thappen.ItallstartedwhentheSouthKoreancompanyposedthisquestion:Canrobotsreplaceconductors?Overayearago,worktodevelopautomaton(自动化)began.Atfirst,itwasdesignedlikeamachine,anddidn’tliveuptoexpectations.Thenthecompanysoughtwaystoimproveit.Intheend,itwasgiventwoarmswithjointstocopywristsandelbows,allowingittomoveasticksimilarlytohowahumanconductorwouldmoveit.ItwasnamedtheEveR6robot,andstandsat1.8meters.Itwasfinallytimetofigureouthowitcouldfollowthroughonitsmusicalrole.“Wegotinvolvedinthisprojecttoseehowfarrobotscangoinmorecreativefieldslikethearts,andwhatthechallengesare,”Dong-wookLee,aseniorresearcherattheKoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnologysaid.Inordertopullthisoff,Dong-wookLeecooperatedwiththeBusanPhilharmonicOrchestra.The12-minutepiecetheyplannedtoperform,“Feel”byIl-hoonSon,wascreatedspecificallyforthisevent.ItwascreatedwiththestrengthsofbothEveR6andthehumanconductor,Soo-yeolChoi,inmind.Topulloffthisimpressiveperformance,therobotwaspreprogrammedtoconductthrough30cyclesofbeatpatterns.Meanwhile,itwasuptothehumanconductortoleadtheorchestraincreatinganimprovisational(即兴的)score,

addingdepthtotheotherwiseplannedpiece.Together,theypulledoffamasterfulperformancethattheaudienceseemedmorethanhappytohavehadtheopportunitytowitnessitfirst-hand!Withtheconcerthavinggonesowell,thisisonlythestartofEveR6.Still,nomattertheimprovementsthey’reabletomaketothisAndroidrobot,

thehumanconductorisn’tconcernedaboutbeingreplaced.“Let’sleavetheaccuracytotherobots,”Soo-yeolChoisaid,“butthemusicalandartisticaspectstoahumanconductor.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着人工智能(AI)和机器人技术以惊人的速度发展,一些人担心艺术和创意人才有被取代的风险。然而,韩国工业技术研究所(Korean

Institute

of

Industrial

Technology)的一项新研究恰恰说明了为什么这不能也不应该发生。1.What

is

paragraph

2

mainly

about?A.ThefunctionoftheEveR6robot.B.ThedevelopmentoftheEveR6robot.C.TheEveR6robot’sroleasaconductor.D.ThedifficultyindesigningtheEveR6robot.答案

B解析

主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中的“Over

a

year

ago,work

to

develop

automaton...and

stands

at

1.8

meters.”可知,第二段主要讲述了EveR

6机器人的研发过程。2.What

can

be

learned

about

“Feel”?A.It

is

a

piece

familiar

to

the

audience.B.It

is

a

piece

showing

the

human-robot

cooperation.C.It

is

the

only

piece

that

EveR

6

will

perform.D.It

is

a

piece

requiring

great

ability

to

conduct.答案

B解析

推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“The

12-minute

piece

they

planned

to

perform,‘Feel’by

Il-hoon

Son,was

created

specifically

for

this

event.It

was

created

with

the

strengths

of

both

EveR

6

and

the

human

conductor,Soo-yeol

Choi,in

mind”可推知,“Feel”是一个展示人机合作的作品。3.What

role

did

Soo-yeol

Choi

play

in

the

performance?A.He

corrected

the

robot’s

mistakes.B.He

programmed

the

EveR

6

robot.C.He

led

the

improvisational

section

of

the

performance.D.He

was

the

main

conductor

of

the

Busan

Philharmonic

Orchestra.答案

C解析

细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“Meanwhile,it

was

up

to

the

human

conductor

to

lead

the

orchestra

in

creating

an

improvisational

score,

adding

depth

to

the

otherwise

planned

piece.”可知,他在表演中指挥演出的即兴部分。4.What

is

Soo-yeol

Choi’s

attitude

towards

EveR

6?A.Unclear.

B.Uncaring.C.Supportive.

D.Doubtful.答案

C解析

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘Let’s

leave

the

accuracy

to

the

robots,’Soo-yeol

Choi

said,‘but

the

musical

and

artistic

aspects

to

a

human

conductor.’可推知,Soo-yeol

Choi对这个机器人持支持的态度。Passage

2

(2024山东枣庄二模)主题:聊天机器人

词数:312

难度:★★★☆☆Evenifyouhaven’theldaconversationwithSiriorAlexa,you’velikelyencounteredachatbotonline.Theyoftenappearinachatwindowthatpopsupwithafriendlygreeting:Thankyouforvisitingoursite.HowcanIhelpyoutoday?Dependingonthesite,thechatbotisprogrammedtorespondaccordinglyandevenaskfollow-upquestions.ChatbotsareaformofconversationalAIdesignedtosimplifyhumaninteractionwithcomputers.Theyareprogrammedtosimulatehumanconversationandexhibitintelligentbehaviorthatisequivalenttothatofahuman.Chatbotscommunicatethroughspeechortext.Bothrelyonartificialintelligencetechnologieslikemachinelearningandnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP),whichisabranchofartificialintelligencethatteachesmachinestoread,analyzeandinterprethumanlanguage.Thistechnologygiveschatbotsabaselineforunderstandinglanguagestructureandmeaning.NLP,inessence,allowsthecomputertounderstandwhatyouareaskingandhowtoappropriatelyrespond.Withdevelopmentsindeeplearningandreinforcementlearning,chatbotscaninterpretmorecomplexitiesinlanguageandimprovethedynamicnatureofconversationbetweenhumansandmachine.Essentially,achatbottriestomatchwhatyou’veaskedtoanintentthatitunderstands.Themoreachatbotcommunicateswithyou,themoreitunderstandsandthemoreitlearnstocommunicatelikeyouandotherswithsimilarquestions.Yourpositiveresponsesreinforceitsanswers,andthenitusesthoseanswersagain.Fromcustomerservicechatbotsonlinetopersonalassistantsinourhomes,chatbotshavestartedtoenterourlives.Inalmosteveryindustry,

companiesareusingchatbotstohelpcustomerseasilynavigatetheirwebsites,

answersimplequestionsanddirectpeopletotherelevantpointsofcontact.

PersonalassistantslikeSiriandAlexaaredesignedtorespondtoawiderangeofscenariosandqueries,fromcurrentweatherandnewsupdatestopersonalcalendars,musicselectionsandrandomquestions.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了聊天机器人的工作原理和应用。5.Why

does

the

author

mention

Siri

and

Alexa

in

paragraph

1?A.To

explain

how

a

chatbot

works.B.To

show

where

to

find

a

chatbot.C.To

give

examples

of

chatbots.D.To

compare

different

chatbots.答案

C解析

推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Even

if

you

haven’t

held

a

conversation...Thank

you

for

visiting

our

site.”可知,作者在第一段提到了Siri和Alexa是给出聊天机器人的例子。6.What

is

the

basis

of

chatbots?A.Language

study.B.Data

transmission.C.Social

interaction.D.Natural

language

processing.答案

D解析

细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Both

rely

on

artificial

intelligence

technologies

like

machine

learning

and

natural

language

processing

(NLP)”可知,聊天机器人的基础是自然语言处理。7.What

does

the

underlined

word

“reinforce”

in

paragraph

4

mean?A.Inspire.

B.Strengthen.C.Organize.

D.Match.答案

B解析

词句猜测题。根据上文“The

more

a

chatbot

communicates

with

you,the

more

it

understands

and

the

more

it

learns

to

communicate

like

you

and

others

with

similar

questions.”以及下文“then

it

uses

those

answers

again.”可知,“Your

positive

responses

reinforce

its

answers”表达的意思是“你的积极回应强化了它的答案”,画线词reinforce与strengthen“巩固,强化”意思一致。8.What

is

the

last

paragraph

mainly

about?A.The

future

trend

of

chatbots.B.The

author’s

predictions.C.The

effects

of

chatbots.D.The

applications

of

chatbots.答案

D解析

主旨大意题。通读最后一段可知,最后一段主要讲关于聊天机器人的应用。Passage

3

(2024湖南娄底一模)主题:快时尚企业衣服生产过剩

词数:369难度:★★★★★Theimpactoffastfashionontheenvironmentissignificant.RecentlyZara,oneofthelargestfast-fashionretailers(零售商)intheworld,putforthaconceptthatonlysustainablefabricsareusedinclothingproduction.ButhowcanZaraeverbesustainable?Theyproducearound450milliongarments(衣服)ayearandrelease500newdesignsaweek,about20,000ayear.Zara’sfast-fashionmodelhasbeensosuccessfulthatithasinspiredanentireindustrytofollowthem.Clothingproductiondoubledfrom2012to2022.Theaverageconsumerbought60percentmoreclothingin2022thanin2012,butkepteachgarmenthalfaslong.Andlessthanonepercentofallclothingproducedgloballyisrecycled.Ispendalotoftimereadingthecorporatesocialresponsibilityreportsoflargebrandsandinterviewingmicro-to-smallsizedenterprisestoseehowtheyapproachsustainability.Thelargestsignificantdifferencebetweenthemisculture.Smallbrandsfocusoncreatingacultureofsustainabilitybyusingstrategieslikeproducingmade-to-order,sotheyarenotmakingmorethanwhatissold.Mostsmallbrandsareoptingtoworkunderan“anti-fashioncalendar”.Theychoosenottofollowtheintenseseasonalcalendarthatfashionfunctionsunder.Theydothisbecausewasteisoneoftheirbiggestconcerns.Theyalsodesignclothingtobeofthehighestquality,ensuringdurabilityandlongevity,soyoumaykeepitlonger.Fastfashionisa“growordie”business,andthefast-fashiongrowthmodelusedbyalllargecompaniesispredicatedonlimitlessgrowth.Largeglobalcorporateretailersarenotseekingtochangetheirfundamentalbusinessmodelorcreateculturesofsustainability.Thatwouldrequirere-workingtheirentirebusinessstructureandultimatelyhurttheirbottomline.

IwouldstarttobelieveZaraandotherlargefashionbrandshadgoodintentionstofightclimatechangeiftheystartedtolookathowtomoveawayfromtheircontinuousofferingsofweeklynewproducts.Theyneedtointroducealternativesustainablebusinessmodelpractices.Onesmallstepcouldbetoofferrepairortailoringservices.Tailoringcreatesclothesthatfitperfectly,subsequentlyincreasingtheiremotionalvalue,sothatwelovethemandkeepthemlonger.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍快时尚企业生产过量的衣服,破坏生态环境,不符合可持续发展,希望他们能引入可持续发展的商业模式。9.What

does

the

author

intend

to

show

with

the

numbers

about

Zara

in

paragraph

1?A.Zara

is

not

eco-friendly.B.Zara

is

popular

with

consumers.C.Zara

is

a

large

fast-fashion

retailer.D.Zara

is

a

success

in

fashion

industry.答案

A解析

推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But

how

can

Zara

ever

be

sustainable...an

entire

industry

to

follow

them.”可知,Zara每年生产过量的衣服,破坏生态环境,不符合可持续发展,也就是说Zara不环保。10.Which

of

the

following

shows

a

cultural

feature

of

small