高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语A 第4讲　议论文

第4讲议论文高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025目录索引体裁解读技法点拨0102体裁解读议论文是高考完形填空较难的一种文体,一般由三个要素组成:论点、论据、结论。论点和论据形成一体,相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清晰、行文流畅,会使用一些过渡词,如:onthecontrary,allinall,inshort,generallyspeaking,worsestill,ontheotherhand,inconclusion,asaconsequence等。做题时要注意以下几点:解题要领内容解读首句制胜,论点明确议论文完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点,然后在各段的首句提出分论点。不同的论点提出方式①开门见山地提出论点,然后再通过具体的论据去证明论点,论据有时候既有正面的论据,也有反面的论据,最后总结全文。②导入式提出论点。先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象,然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点,再用具体的论据去证明自己的论点。③最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象,不表明自己的观点,而是通过对具体现象的分析,最后得出一个结论。关注尾段尾段通常照应论点。[典型例题](2022浙江6月改编)Small

children

are

easy

to

throw

up

in

the

air

and

catch—and

they

love

it.“Again,Daddy,again!”Jacky

shouts

as

I

throw

him

skywards

and

catch

him

on

the

way

back

down

again.His

trust

in

me

is

1

,which

is

quite

a

nice

feeling,but

at

the

same

time

gives

me

a

huge

sense

of

2

.

I

hope

Jacky

will

always

trust

me

fully,but

I

know

that,as

he

gets

3

,it

will

need

more

effort

and

sound

judgment

on

my

part.Trust

is

such

an

important

part

of

a

4

relationship

that

it’s

something

that

can’t

5

to

lose.Every

time

I

introduce

Jacky

to

something

new,he’ll

do

it

only

because

he

trusts

me

and

feels

6

in

the

knowledge

that

he

won’t

get

hurt.

7

,

teaching

Jacky

to

swim

means

he

has

to

8

that,when

he’s

swimming

in

the

big

pool,I’ll

come

to

his

rescue

if

his

doggy

paddle

lets

him

down.

9

in

the

workplace,trust

is

important

for

strong

10

.It

is

something

that

every

manager

should

work

hard

to

11

among

their

team.

If

people

don’t

trust

you,they’re

unlikely

to

12

your

directions

and

willingly

become

a

loyal(忠诚)

team

member.A

13

of

trust

can

make

people

work

against

you

rather

than

for

you.At

the

very

least,it

means

that

people

are

not

going

to

be

14

you

their

best.Good

15

,like

good

parenting,is

a

long-term

commitment.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任在亲子关系中和在工作管理方面的重要性。1.A.reasonable

B.limitedC.absolute D.important答案

C解析

根据上文“Again,Daddy,again!”可知,孩子要求一次次被抛向空中,由此可知,他对父亲是完全信任的。故选C项。2.A.relief B.satisfactionC.achievement D.responsibility答案

D解析

结合语境,此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成了父亲的责任,即孩子的信任给了父亲一种责任感。故选D项。3.A.older B.busierC.quieter D.healthier答案

A解析

根据下文“it

will

need

more

effort

and

sound

judgment

on

my

part”可知,随着他长大,这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。4.A.long-distance B.high-riskC.parent-child D.teacher-student答案

C解析

本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系,所以是一种亲子关系。故选C项。5.A.afford B.chooseC.wait D.expect答案

A解析

根据上文“Trust

is

such

an

important

part

of

a

relationship”可知,它是一种不能失去的东西。afford

to

do

sth“能够做某事”。故选A项。

6.A.safe B.happyC.proud D.grateful答案

A解析

根据上文“he

trusts

me”和下文“in

the

knowledge

that

he

won’t

get

hurt”可知,只是因为他相信作者,知道自己不会受伤,所以觉得自己会很安全。故选A项。7.A.Aboveall B.InadditionC.Atfirst D.Forexample答案

D解析

根据上文内容以及下文“teaching

Jacky

to

swim

means

he

has

to

”可知,作者在举例子。故选D项。

8.A.admit B.believeC.suggest D.imagine答案

B解析

根据上文“because

he

trusts

me”可知,教儿子游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时,如果他溺水,作者会去救他。故选B项。9.A.However B.ThereforeC.Similarly D.Fortunately答案

C解析

作者从父子之间的信任转移到职场,所以同样,在工作场所,信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C项。10.A.affection B.determinationC.friendship D.leadership答案

D解析

根据下文“It

is

something

that

every

manager”可知,信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D项。11.A.assess B.organizeC.develop D.understand答案

C解析

根据常识可知,获得别人的信任需要培养。故选C项。12.A.repeat B.followC.change D.forget答案

B解析

根据上文“If

people

don’t

trust

you”可知,如果人们不信任你,他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B项。13.A.gesture B.measureC.bond D.lack答案

D解析

根据下文“make

people

work

against

you

rather

than

for

you”可知,缺乏信任会让人们与你作对而不是支持你。故选D项。14.A.telling B.givingC.selling D.sending答案

B解析

其他人不信任你,所以不会给你展现他们最好的水平。故选B项。15.A.management B.personalityC.communication D.education答案

A解析

根据上文“in

the

workplace”以及“manager”可知,作者在说管理。故选A项。技法点拨技法1利用排除法解题[典例]If

people

don’t

trust

you,they’re

unlikely

to

12.follow

your

directions

and

willingly

become

a

loyal(忠诚)

team

member.A

13

of

trust

can

make

people

work

against

you

rather

than

for

you.At

the

very

least,it

means

that

people

are

not

going

to

be

14.giving

you

their

best.

13.A.gesture

B.measureC.bond

D.lack

▶分析

根据下文“makepeopleworkagainstyouratherthanforyou”可知,缺乏信任会让人们与你作对,而不是支持你。[自主解答]

D【点拨】在掌握文章大意和细节的前提下,考生可以试填试题中的各个选项,选出最吻合语境、最衔接语义的选项,这种解题方法被称为“排除错项”。[真题体验](2023新课标Ⅰ卷)Oncethere,Lenouewas

49

andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme50.paintomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey’shelp.

49.A.interrupted

B.assessedC.identified D.appreciated答案

B解析

根据下文“later

taken

to

a

hospital”可知,她是先接受了检查,再被送往医院,也就是先接受“评估”,因此B项最吻合语境,这样就能排除另外三个选项。故选B项。技法2利用词汇复现法解题在高考完形填空中,命题人往往通过原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、同源词复现、反义词复现、上下词复现等方式重现已经出现过的词汇。做题时,在把握语篇、透析语境的前提下,应留心选项中是否有与上下文相对应的词汇,运用词汇复现技巧快速锁定答案。[典例]...he’ll

do

it

only

because

he

trusts

me

and

feels

6.safe

in

the

knowledge

that

he

won’t

get

hurt.7.For

example,teaching

Jacky

to

swim

means

he

has

to

8

that,when

he’s

swimming

in

the

big

pool,I’ll

come

to

his

rescue

if

his

doggy

paddle

lets

him

down.

8.A.admit

B.believeC.suggest

D.imagine

▶分析

利用同义词复现解题。根据上文“becausehetrustsme”可知,教儿子游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时,如果他溺水,作者会去救他。believe是trust的同义复现。[自主解答]

B【点拨】完形填空中主要考查的五大复现关系:(1)原词复现——在上下文中同一词汇重复出现原词复现是指一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的词形反复出现,有时兼有词形变化。[真题体验1](2023全国乙卷)“I’m

going

to

inspire

so

many

people,”

she

said.“I’m

ready

to

60

.”

And

shine

she

did.

60.A.shine

B.flyC.dance

D.score答案

A解析

由上文“I’m

going

to

inspire

so

many

people”和下文“And

shine

she

did.”可知,她认为自己将会激励很多人,即自己会发光,影响到很多人。空格处的shine是空后shine

的原词复现。故选A项。(2)同根词复现——词形变化的词汇复现同根词复现是指文中的某个句子中复现了所填词的派生词。这类题首先要求考生在平时的学习中掌握基本的构词法和基本词缀,其次是要能在上下文中找出相应的线索。[真题体验2](2023新课标Ⅱ卷)It

just

44.happened

that

I

was

planning

another

PNP

flight

with

another

pilot,Karen,who

45.offered

to

take

Tiffy

from

Kansas

City

to

Virginia.What

I

was

to

do

was

fly

to

Topeka

to

46.pick

up

Tiffy....The

flight

was

53.uneventful,and

Tiffy

was

a

great

passenger.The

next

day,she

54

with

Karen

and

made

it

back

to

George

in

Virginia

within

a

few

days.He

was

so

55.thankful

and

sent

me

a

nice

e-mail

with

pictures.It

felt

great

to

know

that

I

had

helped

bring

this

family

together

again.

54.A.returned

B.foughtC.flew

D.agreed答案

C解析

根据上文中“I

was

planning

another

PNP

flight

with

another

pilot,Karen,

who

offered

to

take

Tiffy

from

Kansas

City

to

Virginia”和空前的“The

flight

was

uneventful,and

Tiffy

was

a

great

passenger.”可知,Karen带着Tiffy飞往弗吉尼亚州。本空中的flew与前文的flight是同根词复现。故选C项。(3)同/近义词复现——意思相同、相近的表达方式或者解释性的词汇复现同/近义词复现是指上下文中的某个甚至是多个句子出现了所填词的同/近义词,对所填词所在的句子起到了诠释或照应的作用。[真题体验3](2023全国乙卷)To

become

the

Olympic

champion

in

the

individual(个人)

all-around

event,Gabby

Douglas

had

to

leave

everything

she

41.knew

best...Even

at

14,

Douglas

knew

that.So

she

47

about

1,200

miles

away

from

home,to

48.train

with

a

coach

from

China.

47.A.dropped

out

B.moved

onC.pulled

over

D.went

off答案

D解析

drop

out退出;move

on继续;pull

over靠边停车;go

off离开。由下文“about

1,200

miles

away

from

home”可知,Gabby

Douglas到了一个离家1

200英里的地方。空中的

went

off与第41空前的leave是同义词复现。故选D项。[真题体验4](2022浙江1月卷)Eventually,Ms

Burdeyney

learned

about

plans

for

an

eye

research

43

at

Tel

Aviv

University

in

Israel...Ms

Burdeyney

began

raising

46.money

for

the

project

with

a

friend,Toronto

businessman

Meyer

Zeifman.

43.A.course

B.programC.paper

D.conference答案

B解析

由46空后的the

project可知,此处指一个眼睛研究项目。故选B项。program与project是同义词复现。(4)反义词复现——意思相反或对比性解释的词汇复现反义词复现是指上下文中的某个句子与所填词所在的句子表达了相反的意思,在原句和复现句之间常有but,however,or,while等词进行连接,表达相反或相对的含义。[真题体验5](2023新课标Ⅱ卷)When

I

met

Tiffy’s

owners,they

seemed

very

47

.George,the

husband,

was

trying

to

be

calm,but

I

could

tell

this

was

48.hard

for

him,having

to

leave

his

dog

to

a

49.stranger

and

trust

that

everything

would

50.work

out.

47.A.confused

B.nervousC.annoyed

D.curious答案

B解析

confused困惑的;nervous紧张的;annoyed恼怒的;curious好奇的。由but可知,此处与空后的calm(平静的)构成反义关系,也就是要表示“紧张的,不安的”。(5)同场词汇复现——意义相关的词汇复现意义相关的词汇复现在同一语篇中,构成以某一话题为中心的词汇链,因其共同出现的倾向性,被称为“同场”词汇。比如:ears与hear/listento;ill,pale,

nurse,doctor和operation等。[真题体验6](2022全国乙卷)We

brought

young

children

aged

2-4

into

our

Minds

in

Development

Lab

at

USC.Each

47.child

sat

down

with

an

adult

who

covered

her

own

eyes

or

48

.We

then

asked

the

child

if

she

could

49

or

hear

the

adult.

Surprisingly,children

replied

that

they

couldn’t.The

same

50.thing

happened

when

the

adult

covered

her

own

mouth:51.Now

children

said

that

they

couldn’t

52

to

her.

48.A.feet

B.noseC.hands

D.ears答案

D解析

根据下文“or

hear

the

adult”可知,实验中,儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音,所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。此处ears与下文中的hear是同场词汇复现。49.A.see B.helpC.reach D.fool答案

A解析

根据上文“an

adult

who

covered

her

own

eyes”可知,成年人遮住了自己的眼睛,所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。此处see与上文中的eyes是同场词汇复现。52.A.speak B.listenC.turn D.wave答案

A解析

根据语境,此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴,此时孩子们说他们不能和成年人说话了。此处speak与上文中的mouth是同场词汇复现。课堂应用(2024江西景德镇三模)Everymountainhasapeak.Everyvalleyhasits

1

point.Nooneisupallthetime,noraretheydownallthetime.Lifehasits

2

.Problemsdo

3

.However,theyareallresolvedintime.

Youmaynotbeabletocontrolthetimes,butyoucan

4

yourresponse.Youcanturnyourpaininto

5

orintoappreciation.Thechoiceisuptoyou.Howevertoughyourtimeis,youcan

6

howyouwillreacttoit.

Thepositivesolutiontoaproblemisthatyouneedcourageto

7

it.

Whenyoucontrolyourreactiontothe

8

uncontrollableproblemoflife,

theninfactyoudocontroltheproblem’s

9

onyou.Yourreactiontotheproblemisthelastword!That’sthe

10

.Whatwillyouletthisproblemdotoyou?Itcanmakeyou

11

ortough.Itcanmakeyoubitterorbetter.Italldependsonyou.

Inthefinalanalysis,thereasonwhythetoughpeoplecan

12

thehardtimesisthatthey’vechosentoreactpositivelytotheirproblems.Toughtimesneverlast,buttoughpeopledo.Toughpeople

13

itout.Historyteachesusthatnoproblemis

14

.Yourproblemwillbesolvedand,asyouknow,

stormsalways

15

thesun.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过比喻山峰和山谷,阐述了人生有起有落,但无论遇到什么问题,最终都会得到解决。鼓励读者积极面对困难,选择正确的应对方式,因为最终的结果是取决于个人的选择和反应。1.A.high

B.lowC.shallow D.deep答案

B解析

根据上文“Every

mountain

has

a

peak.”可知,山峰有顶点,山谷有低点,两句话形成前后对照,故选B项。2.A.upsanddowns B.twistsandturnsC.oddsandends D.twosandthrees答案

A解析

根据上文“No

one

is

up

all

the

time,nor

are

they

down

all

the

time.”可知,人们都会有起起伏伏的时候,故选A项。3.A.end B.riseC.raise D.interrupt答案

B解析

根据下文“However,they

are

all

resolved

in

time.”可知,问题最终会解决,说明有问题会出现,故选B项。4.A.release B.hideC.hold D.value答案

C解析

根据上文“You

may

not

be

able

to

control

the

times”可知,人们无法控制时间,但是可以控制自己的反应,这里hold是control的近义词。5.A.complaint B.spellC.note D.memory答案

A解析

根据下文“or

into

appreciation”可知,控制反应包括将痛苦转化为某种东西,而抱怨是可能的转化方式之一,另外一种是感激。6.A.identify B.attemptC.choose D.consider答案

C解析

根据上文“The

choice

is

up

to

you.”