高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语A 微专题1　避开设题陷阱,减少失分困扰

微专题1避开设题陷阱,减少失分困扰高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025陷阱一

主观臆断某些选项没有基于原文进行推断,而是主观猜测想象或根据常识进行猜测。[典例1](2023全国乙卷,B)One

time

my

friends

and

I

drove

three

hours

to

Devil’s

Lake,Wisconsin,to

climb

the

purple

quartz(石英)

rock

around

the

lake.After

we

found

a

crazy-looking

road

that

hung

over

a

bunch

of

rocks,we

decided

to

photograph

the

scene

at

sunset.The

position

enabled

us

to

look

over

the

lake

with

the

sunset

in

the

background.We

managed

to

leave

this

spot

to

climb

higher

because

of

the

spare

time

until

sunset.However,we

did

not

mark

the

route(路线)

so

we

ended

up

almost

missing

the

sunset

entirely.Once

we

found

the

place,it

was

stressful

getting

lights

and

cameras

set

up

in

the

limited

time.Still,looking

back

on

the

photos,they

are

some

of

my

best

shots

though

they

could

have

been

so

much

better

if

I

would

have

been

prepared

and

managed

my

time

wisely.26.What

can

we

infer

from

the

author’s

trip

with

friends

to

Devil’s

Lake?A.They

went

crazy

with

the

purple

quartz

rock.B.They

felt

stressed

while

waiting

for

the

sunset.C.They

reached

the

shooting

spot

later

than

expected.D.They

had

problems

with

their

equipment.[解析]作者并没有提到他们对紫色石英岩石有任何特别的情感反应,他们去这里的主要目的是攀爬和摄影,所以A选项为主观臆断型错误;在原文中,作者提到在找到摄影地点并在有限的时间内设定灯光和相机时感到了压力,但这个压力并不是在等待日落时产生的,所以B选项为张冠李戴型错误;在文章中,作者并未提及任何设备问题,所以D选项为无中生有型错误;原文中提到,因为没有标记路线,他们几乎错过了日落,这意味着他们比预期的时间更晚地到达了拍摄地点。所以C选项与原文意思一致。[答案]

C陷阱二

过度推断或以偏概全有时作者仅简单、客观地叙述事实,并未作出评论,而一些选项却扩大作者的叙述范围,进行过度推断;或者一些选项仅针对原文中某一句话进行推断,而忽略了其他信息,造成以偏概全。[典例2](2023新课标Ⅰ卷,B)The

task

John

set

for

himself

was

to

remove

harmful

substances

from

some

sludge(污泥).First,he

constructed

a

series

of

clear

fiberglass

tanks

connected

to

each

other.Then

he

went

around

to

local

ponds

and

streams

and

brought

back

some

plants

and

animals.He

placed

them

in

the

tanks

and

waited.Little

by

little,these

different

kinds

of

life

got

used

to

one

another

and

formed

their

own

ecosystem.After

a

few

weeks,John

added

the

sludge.He

was

amazed

at

the

results.The

plants

and

animals

in

the

eco-machine

took

the

sludge

as

food

and

began

to

eat

it!Within

weeks,it

had

all

been

digested,and

all

that

was

left

was

pure

water.

25.Why

did

John

put

the

sludge

into

the

tanks?A.To

feed

the

animals.B.To

build

an

ecosystem.C.To

protect

the

plants.D.To

test

the

eco-machine.[解析]引文的第一段首句为该段主题句,说明John是怎样去除污泥里的有害物质的。首先建造池子,然后搜集植物和动物,最后加入污泥。第二段说明了第一段实验的效果:污泥被吃掉了,只剩下了净水。由此可以得出John把污泥加入池子中的目的是观察生态机器的处理效果。A项不是John的目的,为过度推断;B项是John为达到目的做实验的过程,属于以偏概全;C项为主观臆断。[答案]

D陷阱三

偷换概念某些干扰选项的内容与原文使用的句子结构、词汇高度相似,仅在易忽视的地方略微改动某个词或表达方式,或截取部分原文中出现过的关键词,但整体意思不符合原文主旨,此类选项干扰性较强。[典例3](2023全国乙卷,C)It’s

thanks

to

these

TV

chefs

rather

than

any

advertising

campaign

that

Britons

are

turning

away

from

meat-and-two-veg

and

ready-made

meals

and

becoming

more

adventurous

in

their

cooking

habits.It

is

recently

reported

that

the

number

of

those

sticking

to

a

traditional

diet

is

slowly

declining

and

around

half

of

Britain’s

consumers

would

like

to

change

or

improve

their

cooking

in

some

way.There

has

been

a

rise

in

the

number

of

students

applying

for

food

courses

at

UK

universities

and

colleges.It

seems

that

TV

programmes

have

helped

change

what

people

think

about

cooking.

29.Which

best

describes

cookery

programmes

on

British

TV?A.Authoritative.

B.Creative.C.Profitable.

D.Influential.[解析]对于A选项,原文虽然提到了电视厨师,但并没有提到他们是否具有权威性;对于B选项,虽然从原文中可以看出英国人的烹饪习惯变得更富有冒险精神,但并未明确指出这种变化是由电视烹饪节目的“创造性”引起的;对于C选项,原文并没有提到烹饪节目是否有利可图。综上所述,三项都犯了偷换概念的错误。根据文章内容,由于这些电视烹饪节目,英国人的烹饪习惯发生了变化,他们更愿意从传统的饮食习惯转变为尝试新的烹饪方式,而且对烹饪有更多的兴趣。这表明这些电视烹饪节目对观众的烹饪习惯和兴趣有很大的影响。[答案]

D陷阱四

逻辑颠倒某些选项颠倒原文逻辑,例如因果倒置、目的与手段倒置等。[典例4](2021新高考Ⅰ卷,C)About

98

cents

of

every

duck

stamp

dollar

goes

directly

into

the

Migratory

Bird

Conservation

Fund

to

purchase

wetlands

and

wildlife

habitat

for

inclusion

into

the

National

Wildlife

Refuge

System—a

fact

that

ensures

this

land

will

be

protected

and

available

for

all

generations

to

come.Since

1934,better

than

half

a

billion

dollars

has

gone

into

that

Fund

to

purchase

more

than

5

million

acres

of

habitat.Little

wonder

the

Federal

Duck

Stamp

Program

has

been

called

one

of

the

most

successful

conservation

programs

ever

initiated.30.What

is

a

direct

result

of

the

Act

passed

in

1934?A.The

stamp

price

has

gone

down.B.The

migratory

birds

have

flown

away.C.The

hunters

have

stopped

hunting.D.The

government

has

collected

money.[解析]根据选段中的“About

98

cents

of

every

duck

stamp

dollar

goes

directly

into

the

Migratory...land

will

be

protected

and

available

for

all

generations

to

come.”可知,联邦政府将出售鸭票的部分收入投入候鸟保护基金,用来保护湿地和野生动物栖息地。该项法案的直接结果是政府筹集到了大量资金。干扰选项B提到的候鸟飞离,是1934年颁布法案的原因,而非颁布法案的结果,属于逻辑颠倒。[答案]

D陷阱五

背离主题某些选项背离了文章的主题思想,是对原文的曲解。[典例5](2023全国乙卷,C)According

to

a

new

study

from

market

analysts,1

in

5

Britons

say

that

watching

cookery

programmes

on

TV

has

encouraged

them

to

try

different

food.Almost

one

third

say

they

now

use

a

wider

variety

of

ingredients(配料)than

they

used

to,and

just

under

1

in

4

say

they

now

buy

better

quality

ingredients

than

before.One

in

four

adults

say

that

TV

chefs

have

made

them

much

more

confident

about

expanding

their

cookery

knowledge

and

skills,and

young

people

are

also

getting

more

interested

in

cooking.The

UK’s

obsession(痴迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.

31.What

might

the

author

continue

talking

about?A.The

art

of

cooking

in

other

countries.B.Male

chefs

on

TV

programmes.C.Table

manners

in

the

UK.D.Studies

of

big

eaters.[解析]A选项背离主题,原文主要关注英国电视烹饪节目对公众烹饪兴趣和习惯的影响;C选项虽然与食物和烹饪主题有关,但并没有直接关系到文章的主题;D选项背离文章主题,原文并没有讨论胃口大的人是怎么样的,而是讨论了电视烹饪节目对公众烹饪兴趣和习惯的影响。对于B选项,原文中最后一句提到男性厨师在电视上的数量增加,使得男孩不再认为做饭是“不酷”的。所以,作者可能会继续讨论这个主题,深入探讨电视节目中男性厨师这个话题。[答案]

B陷阱六

事实复述某些选项仅仅是对原文事实进行简化复述,而非推断得出的结论。[典例6](2019全国Ⅱ卷,B)Still,most

of

us

volunteers

breathe

a

sigh

of

relief

when

the

season

comes

to

a

close.That

relief

is

coupled

with

a

deep

understanding

of

why

the

same

people

keep

coming

back

for

more:Connecting

to

the

community(社区)

as

you

freely

give

your

time,money,skills,or

services

provides

a

real

joy.Volunteering

just

feels

so

good.In

that

sense,I’m

pretty

sure

volunteering

is

more

of

a

selfish

act

than