河南省湘豫联考2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省湘豫联考2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGlobalImpactofGreenPublicTransportAdoptionAsof2025,severalcountrieshavemadesignificantstepsinadoptingandadvancinggreenpublictransportsystemsandtechnologicaladvancements.Thischangeisreshapingurbanmobilityandcontributingtoreducedgreenhousegasemissions(排放)worldwide.CountryPerformanceonVariousTransportThistableprovidesacomprehensiveoverviewofhowthesecountriesperforminvariousaspectsofgreentransport.Keystatisticshighlightingtheprogressingreenpublictransport：·InEurope,electricbusregistrationssawaremarkable53%growthin2023,with6,354unitsregisteredacrossEU27countriesplusNorway,Iceland,andSwitzerland.·Over42%ofcitybusesinEuropewerezero-emission(batteryelectricandhydrogen)in2023,adramaticincreasefromjust15%in2020.·Accordingtoinitialestimates,theEU’sshareofrenewableenergyusedfortransportincreasedfromunder2%in2005to8.7%in2022.·ElectriccarregistrationsinEuropeaccountedfor21.6%oftotalnewcarregistrationsin2022.·TheEuropeanGreenDealhassetanambitioustargetofachievinga90%reductionintransport-relatedgreenhousegasemissionsby2050.·Nearly50.000electricbusesweresoldgloballyin2023,representing3%oftotalbussalesandbringingtheglobalstoragetoapproximately635,000units.·Chinacontinuestodominatethemarket,accountingforaround60%ofglobalelectricbussalesin2023,althoughthisisadecreasefrompreviousyears.Thesefiguresemphasizetherapidadoptionofgreenpublictransportsolutions,particularlyindevelopedregions.However,challengesremaininincreasingtheseinitiativesglobally,especiallyindevelopingcountrieswherethedemandforpassengertransportisexpectedtoincreasebyupto79%between2019and2050.Thechangetogreenpublictransportisnotjustaboutreducingemissions;it’salsoimprovingairqualityandpublichealth.Theshifttoelectricandothercleantechnologiesisbecomingincreasinglycrucial,withtransport-relatedairpollutioncausingapproximately£771.6billioninhealthdamagesannually.1.Whichcountryhasthehighestaccesstochargingpeople’sEV?A.China. B.Germany. C.Luxembourg. D.Netherlands.2.What’sthepuregrowthrateforzero-emissionbusesinEurope?A.42%. B.27%. C.11%. D.45%.3.Whatisthefutureofgreenpublictransport?A.Itwillbewidelyadoptedindevelopingregions.B.Therewillbenodifficultyinadoptingitworldwide.C.Expensesonpeople’shealthdamagewillbehigher.D.Transport-relatedairpollutionwillmakeituncertain.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍2025年多国在绿色公共交通系统及技术应用上的进展、关键数据，以及其对减排和公共健康的益处，同时提及全球推广面临的挑战。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据“Keystatisticshighlightingtheprogressingreenpublictransport”部分中的“LuxembourghasthehighestaccessibilitytopublicEVchargingpoints,witharatioof1publicchargingpointper377passengercars,whichishigherthanthatofChina,GermanyandtheNetherlands.(卢森堡的公共电动汽车充电桩可达性最高，每377辆乘用车对应1个公共充电桩，这一比例高于中国、德国和荷兰。)”可知，卢森堡民众的电动汽车充电便利性在选项中最高。故选C项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据“Keystatisticshighlightingtheprogressingreenpublictransport”部分中的“Over42%ofcitybusesinEuropewerezero-emission(batteryelectricandhydrogen)in2023,adramaticincreasefromjust15%in2020.(2023年，欧洲超过42%的城市公交车为零排放车型（纯电动和氢能源），相比2020年的仅15%大幅增长。)”可知，欧洲零排放公交车的纯增长率为42%减去15%，结果为27%。故选B项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据关键信息中的最后一点“However,challengesremaininincreasingtheseinitiativesglobally,especiallyindevelopingcountrieswherethedemandforpassengertransportisexpectedtoincreasebyupto79%between2019and2050.(在全球范围内推广这些举措仍面临挑战，尤其是在发展中国家，2019年至2050年期间，这些国家的客运需求预计将增长高达79%。)”以及尾段中的“Thechangetogreenpublictransportisnotjustaboutreducingemissions;it’salsoimprovingairqualityandpublichealth.(向绿色公共交通转型不仅关乎减少排放，还能改善空气质量和公共健康。)”可知，发展中国家客运需求激增，且绿色公共交通具备显著益处，由此可推断其未来将被发展中地区广泛采用以满足需求。故选A项。BItwasaround1955whenmyoldestbrother,JimmyNichols,becamemyhero.WewerelivinginruralHewett,WestVirginia,andJimmywas11or12yearsold.Hewasridinghisbicycle,passingbythelocalbeerjointinHewett,whenheheardaloudthunderingnoiseandlookedaroundtodiscoveranunoccupiedcoaltruck.Thetruckwaspartiallyloadedwithcoal,runningmadlydownasmallhilldirectlytowardthebeerjoint,whichwasfulloflocalmenandcoalminerswhohadstoppedontheirwayhomefromaharddayattheminestograbacoldbeer.Withouthesitation,Jimmycycledfasterthantherollingcoaltruck,grabbedthehandle,openedthedoor,jumpedinsidethetruck,appliedthebrakes(刹车)andtheemergencybrake,andbroughtthetrucktoacompletestop,savingmanylives.Hethengotoutofthetruck,foundafewbigrocks,pushedthemunderthetruckwheelsforextrasafety,and,withoutsayingawordtoanyone,quietlyrodeawayonhisbike.Hecamehomeanddidn’tmentionanythingaboutittoanyofus.Myfamilywouldhaveneverknownabouttheincidentexceptforoneladylivingnearthebeerjoint,whoalsohadheardthesoundofthetruckrunningdownthehillandlookedoutofherwindowjustintimetoseemybrothertakeaction.Learningfromotherpeopleinbitsandpiecesofstoriesfromhereandthere,Ibegantoseethatbeingaherowasprevalentformybrother.Hewasnevergivenamedalandneveroncesaid,“GuesswhatIdid?”Hewasneverinthenewspapers.IamsurethereweremanyotherheroicactsthatnobodysaworknewaboutexceptJimmyhimself.Hewillbemyheroforallofmylifebecausehetaughtmethataherodoesnotneednotice,applause,orpublicpraisetofeelgoodaboutthemselvesontheinside.4.HowdidJimmystopthecoaltruck?A.Byaskingothersforhelp. B.Byusingthebrakingsystem.C.Bypushingrocksunderthewheels. D.Byblockingthetruckwithhisbicycle.5.WhydidJimmynotmentiontheincidenttohisfamily?A.Heforgottotellthem. B.Hewasafraidofbeingblamed.C.Hethoughtithorribletorecall. D.Hedidn’tcareaboutbeingpraised.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prevalent”inparagraph3mean?A.Rewarding. B.Moving. C.Common. D.Rare.7.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardJimmy?A.HeadmiresJimmyforhisselflesscourage.B.HethinksJimmyshouldhavetoldthemedia.C.HefeelssorryforJimmy’slackofrecognition.D.HedoubtswhetherJimmy’sotheractswerereal.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者哥哥吉米勇救失控运煤卡车司机却不求名利的故事。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Withouthesitation,Jimmycycledfasterthantherollingcoaltruck,grabbedthehandle,openedthedoor,jumpedinsidethetruck,appliedthebrakes(刹车)andtheemergencybrake,andbroughtthetrucktoacompletestop,savingmanylives.(吉米毫不犹豫地骑得比失控的运煤卡车还快，抓住把手，打开车门，跳进卡车里，踩下刹车和紧急刹车，将卡车完全停了下来，挽救了许多人的生命)”可知，吉米是通过操作卡车的刹车系统让卡车停下的。故选B项。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Hewillbemyheroforallofmylifebecausehetaughtmethataherodoesnotneednotice,applause,orpublicpraisetofeelgoodaboutthemselvesontheinside.(他将永远是我心中的英雄，因为他让我明白，英雄不需要关注、掌声或公众的赞扬，就能从内心感到满足)”可知，吉米没有向家人提及此事，是因为他不在意获得赞扬。故选D项。【6题详析】词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Learningfromotherpeopleinbitsandpiecesofstoriesfromhereandthere,Ibegantoseethatbeingaherowasprevalentformybrother.Hewasnevergivenamedalandneveroncesaid,‘GuesswhatIdid?’Hewasneverinthenewspapers.(从别人口中零零散散的故事里，我开始发现，成为英雄对我哥哥来说是一件很prevalent的事。他从未得到过奖章，也从未说过“猜猜我做了什么？”，他也从未上过报纸)”以及第四段中的“IamsurethereweremanyotherheroicactsthatnobodysaworknewaboutexceptJimmyhimself.(我敢肯定，还有许多其他无人看见或知晓的英雄行为，而这些行为只有他自己知道)”可知，作者的哥哥常常做好事，由此猜测prevalent在此处表示“常见的”，与common含义相近。故选C项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Itwasaround1955whenmyoldestbrother,JimmyNichols,becamemyhero.(大约在1955年，我的大哥吉米・尼科尔斯成了我的英雄)”以及第四段中的“Hewillbemyheroforallofmylifebecausehetaughtmethataherodoesnotneednotice,applause,orpublicpraisetofeelgoodaboutthemselvesontheinside.(他将永远是我心中的英雄，因为他让我明白，英雄不需要关注、掌声或公众的赞扬，就能从内心感到满足)”可知，作者敬佩吉米无私的勇气。故选A项。CTheearlycivilizationofMesopotamiaconsistedoffairlysmallfarmingcommunities.Acommontheoryisthattheymayhaveoriginallycometogetherinordertointegratetheneedforirrigation(灌溉)systems;theTigrisandEuphratesriversareknownforfloodingunpredictably,soittookalotofhumanefforttocreatethecanalsnecessarytoshiftfloodwatersandirrigatethefarmlandsneartherivers.Recentitarchaeologicalevidencesuggestsothermotives,however,includingtheneedforprotectionfromrival(对手)groupsandaccesstonaturalresourcesthatwereconcentratedinaspecificarea.Oftheareasinwhichagriculturedeveloped,theFertileCrescentenjoyedsignificantadvantages.Manynutritiouscropslikewheatandbarleygrewnaturallyintheregion.Severalofthekeyanimalspeciesthatwerefirstdomesticatedbyhumanswerealsonativetotheregion,includinggoats,sheep,andcows.Theregionwasalsomuchmoretemperateandfertile(肥沃的)thanitistoday,andthechangefromhuntingandgatheringtolarge-scalefarmingwaspossibleinMesopotamiainawaythatitwasnotinmostotherregionsoftheancientworld.Thefoodsurplus(盈余)thatagriculturemadepossibleintheFertileCrescenteventuallyledtotheemergenceofthefirstlargesettlements.SomeoftheearliestthatwerelargeenoughtoqualifyastownsorevensmallcitieswereJerichoinPalestine,whichexistedbyabout8000BCE,andCatalHuyukinTurkey,whichexistedbyabout7500BCE.Fromtheirremainsitbecomespossibletopiecetogethercertainfactsaboutancientsocietiesonthetipofcivilization.First,itisclearthattheearliestsettlementsalreadyhadsignificantsocialdivisions.Hunter-gatherersocietieshaveveryfewsocialdivisions.Allmembersofthegroupareroughlyequalinsocialpower.Oneofthefeaturesofcivilizationistheincreasingcomplexityofsocialdivisions,andwiththem,ofsocialgrade.InCatalHuyuk,tombs(坟墓)haverevealedthatsomepeoplewereburiedwithjewelryandwealth,whileotherswereburiedwithpracticallynothing.Itisveryclearthatevenatsuchanancienttime,therewerealreadymajordivisionsbetweenrichandpoor.8.WhydidearlyMesopotamianfarmingcommunitiescometogether?A.Todefendagainstnaturaldisasters. B.Tofightagainstrivalgroupsforresources.C.Toensurethesuccessoftheiragriculture. D.Toincreasetheirconcentrationinaspecialregion.9.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusabouttheFertileCrescent?A.Itsprogressindevelopingfarming. B.Itsstrengthsindevelopingagriculture.C.Itsrichnessindomesticatedanimals. D.Itsdifficultiesinhuntingandgathering.10.Howdoestheauthorexplaintheappearanceofcities?A.Byexploringtherootcauses. B.Bylistingsomespecificyears.C.Bygivingsometypicalexamples. D.Bycomparingdifferentsettlements.11.Whatwouldthetextdiscussaboutnext?A.Afurtherillustrationofsocialdivisions. B.Thecomplexityoftheseearlysettlements.C.Theexplorationofancientburialpractices. D.Acontrastoftheagriculturalproductivity.【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍美索不达米亚早期农耕社群形成原因、新月沃土农业优势及早期定居点的社会分化。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Acommontheoryisthattheymayhaveoriginallycometogetherinordertointegratetheneedforirrigation(灌溉)systems;theTigrisandEuphratesriversareknownforfloodingunpredictably,soittookalotofhumanefforttocreatethecanalsnecessarytoshiftfloodwatersandirrigatethefarmlandsneartherivers.Recentarchaeologicalevidencesuggestsothermotives,however,includingtheneedforprotectionfromrival(对手)groupsandaccesstonaturalresourcesthatwereconcentratedinaspecificarea.(一个普遍的理论是，它们最初聚集在一起可能是为了整合对灌溉系统的需求；底格里斯河和幼发拉底河以不可预测的洪水而闻名，因此需要大量人力来修建必要的运河，以转移洪水并灌溉河流附近的农田。然而，最近的考古证据表明还有其他动机，包括需要保护自己免受敌对群体的侵害，以及获取集中在特定区域的自然资源)”可知，早期美索不达米亚农耕社群聚集的核心目的是保障农业生产（修建灌溉系统、获取资源、抵御威胁），即确保农业发展成功。故选C项。【9题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Oftheareasinwhichagriculturedeveloped,theFertileCrescentenjoyedsignificantadvantages.Manynutritiouscropslikewheatandbarleygrewnaturallyintheregion.Severalofthekeyanimalspeciesthatwerefirstdomesticatedbyhumanswerealsonativetotheregion,includinggoats,sheep,andcows.Theregionwasalsomuchmoretemperateandfertile(肥沃的)thanitistoday,andthechangefromhuntingandgatheringtolarge-scalefarmingwaspossibleinMesopotamiainawaythatitwasnotinmostotherregionsoftheancientworld.(在农业发展的地区中，新月沃土拥有显著的优势。该地区自然生长着小麦和大麦等多种营养丰富的作物。人类最早驯化的几个关键动物物种也原产于该地区，包括山羊、绵羊和牛。该地区当时的气候也比现在温和肥沃得多，美索不达米亚得以从狩猎采集转向大规模农业，这在古代世界的大多数其他地区是不可能的)”可知，第二段主要讲述新月沃土在发展农业方面的各项优势。故选B项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thefoodsurplus(盈余)thatagriculturemadepossibleintheFertileCrescenteventuallyledtotheemergenceofthefirstlargesettlements.SomeoftheearliestthatwerelargeenoughtoqualifyastownsorevensmallcitieswereJerichoinPalestine,whichexistedbyabout8000BCE,andCatalHuyukinTurkey,whichexistedbyabout7500BCE.(新月沃土农业带来的粮食盈余最终促成了第一批大型定居点的出现。最早的一批规模大到能称得上城镇甚至小城市的定居点包括巴勒斯坦的杰里科（约公元前8000年存在）和土耳其的恰塔霍裕克（约公元前7500年存在）)”可知，作者通过列举杰里科、恰塔霍裕克这两个典型例子来说明城市的出现。故选C项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“First,itisclearthattheearliestsettlementsalreadyhadsignificantsocialdivisions.Hunter-gatherersocietieshaveveryfewsocialdivisions.Allmembersofthegroupareroughlyequalinsocialpower.Oneofthefeaturesofcivilizationistheincreasingcomplexityofsocialdivisions,andwiththem,ofsocialgrade.InCatalHuyuk,tombs(坟墓)haverevealedthatsomepeoplewereburiedwithjewelryandwealth,whileotherswereburiedwithpracticallynothing.Itisveryclearthatevenatsuchanancienttime,therewerealreadymajordivisionsbetweenrichandpoor.(首先，很明显，最早的定居点已经有了显著的社会划分。狩猎采集社会几乎没有社会分化。这个群体的所有成员在社会权力上大致相等。文明的特征之一是社会划分日益复杂，社会等级也随之复杂。在catalalHuyuk，坟墓显示，一些人被埋葬时带着珠宝和财富，而另一些人被埋葬时几乎什么都没有。很明显，即使在如此古老的时代，贫富之间也已经有了很大的分歧)”可知，文章最后聚焦早期定居点的社会分化，按行文逻辑，接下来可能会进一步阐释这一社会分化现象。故选A项。DCity-sizedicebergsoncemovedpastthecoastofBritainwhenicesheetscoveringmuchofnorthernEuropewereinrapidretreat(退缩)about18,000to20,000yearsago.JamesKirkhamattheBritishAntarcticSurveyandhisteammateshavefoundthepreservedmarksthesesheetsmadeastheirundersidesploughedthroughtheseafloor.Thelong,comb-likefeaturesareburiedundermudintheNorthSeabutarestillvisibleinthesurveydatacollectedtosearchforoilandgas.Kirkhamsays,“Wecanestimatefromtheextentofthemarksandwhatisknownaboutancientsealevelsthatthesebergswereprobablyfivetoafewtensofkilometerswideandperhapsacoupleofhundredmetersthick-icebergsonthesizeofamid-sizedBritishcity.”InAntarctica,flatortable-topicebergsareaspectacularsight.Some,liketherecentbigsheetsknownasA23aandA68a,wouldcomparetoevensmallUSstatesintermsofarea.Theycollapsefromiceshelves—thewide,floatingpartsoficebergsthatflowoffthelandintotheocean.TherecognitionthatflaticebergsonceexistedintheNorthSeaisaclearindicationthattheseawardedgesofaBritishandIrishicesheetalsohadiceshelves.ThismeanstherecouldbesomelessonsforfutureAntarcticdecline,saysKirkham.IntheNorthSea,thestraighttracksofthebigicebergsareoverwrittenbyirregulartracksmadebymuchsmallericeblocks.Radiocarbondatingshowsthisshiftoccurringfrom20,000to18,000yearsago.TheobservationcastsdoubtontheideathatthecollapseofbergslikeA23aandA68amightindicatethewidespreadcollapseofAntarctica’siceshelves.EmmaMacKieattheUniversityofFloridahastrackedflaticebergsizeinsatellitedatafromthemid-1970sonwardsandfoundthatthetrendisessentiallyflat.“James’sresearchconsistswithmine,whichisthatlargecollapsingeventsarenotnecessarilyasignofinstabilityorcauseforalarm,”saysMacKie.“Weshouldbeconcernedwhenwestopseeingthelargecollapsingevents.”12.Whatmethodledtothediscoveryoftheicesheets’marks?A.Thestudyofancientsealevels. B.Thesurveydataforoilandgas.C.TheanalysisofNorthSeamud. D.Theexaminationofsatellitedata.13.Whatdoestheshiftfromstraighttoirregulartrackssuggest?A.TheicebergsintheNorthSeaturnedouttobeallverylarge.B.Thebreakingoffoflargeicebergsnecessarilysignalsacrisis.C.Theshiftofthesemarksthebeginningofrapidicesheetretreat.D.Thecommonviewoflarge-scaleicesheetcollapsemightbewrong.14.HowdoesMacKiefeelaboutlargecollapsingeventsoficeshelves?A.Anindicatorofastablesystem. B.Apotentiallymisleadingsignal.C.Aninsignificantnaturalprocess. D.Acallforimmediateintervention.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheSizeofIcebergsintheNorthSea B.TheCollapseofAntarcticIceShelvesC.IcebergMarksFoundintheNorthSea D.LessonsfromtheDeclineofIceSheets【答案】12.B13.D14.B15.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员在北海发现了冰川留下的痕迹，并据此对冰川和冰架的消退进行了相关研究。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thelong,comb-likefeaturesareburiedundermudintheNorthSeabutarestillvisibleinthesurveydatacollectedtosearchforoilandgas.(这些长而梳子状的痕迹被埋在北海的泥下，但在收集的用于寻找石油和天然气的调查数据中仍然可见。)”可知，研究人员是通过寻找石油和天然气的调查数据发现冰川的痕迹的。故选B。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“IntheNorthSea,thestraighttracksofthebigicebergsareoverwrittenbyirregulartracksmadebymuchsmallericeblocks.Radiocarbondatingshowsthisshiftoccurringfrom20,000to18,000yearsago.TheobservationcastsdoubtontheideathatthecollapseofbergslikeA23aandA68amightindicatethewidespreadcollapseofAntarctica’siceshelves.(在北海，大型冰山留下的笔直轨迹被许多小型冰块留下的不规则轨迹所覆盖。放射性碳定年法显示，这种变化发生在2万年至1.8万年前。这一观察结果对“A23a和A68a等冰山崩解可能预示着南极冰架将大面积崩塌”的观点提出了质疑。)”可知，从直线轨迹到不规则轨迹的转变表明，人们普遍认为的大规模冰盖崩塌的观点可能是错误的。故选D。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中““James’sresearchconsistswithmine,whichisthatlargecollapsingeventsarenotnecessarilyasignofinstabilityorcauseforalarm,”saysMacKie.(MacKie说：“James的研究与我的研究相一致，即大型冰山崩解事件并不一定是冰架不稳定或令人担忧的信号。当我们不再看到大型冰山崩解事件时，我们才应该感到担忧。”)”可知，MacKie认为冰架的大规模崩塌事件并非意味着冰架系统不稳定，可能会误导人们产生恐慌情绪，因此是一种具有潜在误导性的信号。故选B。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由第一段“City-sizedicebergsoncemovedpastthecoastofBritainwhenicesheetscoveringmuchofnorthernEuropewereinrapidretreat(退缩)about18,000to20,000yearsago.(大约1.8万至2万年前，覆盖北欧大部分地区的冰盖迅速退缩，当时，有城市大小的冰山曾从英国海岸附近漂过。)”、第二段中“JamesKirkhamattheBritishAntarcticSurveyandhisteammateshavefoundthepreservedmarksthesesheetsmadeastheirundersidesploughedthroughtheseafloor.(英国南极调查局的詹姆斯·柯克汉姆（JamesKirkham）及其团队成员发现了这些冰盖在海底划过时留下的痕迹。)”可知，第一段引出“约18000至20000年前，城市大小的冰山曾经过英国海岸”的核心话题，第二段详细介绍研究人员在北海发现这些冰山留下的痕迹及对冰山大小的推测，第三至五段围绕该痕迹展开，探讨其对南极冰架研究的启示，第六段引用专家观点佐证研究意义。核心线索是“北海发现的冰山痕迹”，C选项“IcebergMarksFoundintheNorthSea(北海发现的冰山痕迹)”准确概括全文核心内容。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Literatureholdsgreatimportanceinshapingourthoughtsandideas.Itoffersintellectualandemotionalenrichment.____16____Itgoesbeyondsimplestorytelling,actingasagatewaytoknowledge,culture,andhistorywhileencouragingustoreflectonourplaceintheworld.Aglimpse(一瞥)intothepast.____17____Thusitpreserveshistoryandprovidingawindowintothelives,cultures,andchallengesofpreviouseras.Itcapturestheessenceofdifferentperiods,revealinghumanexperiencesthatshapedthosemoments.Throughliteraryworks,wearetransportedtobygoneeras,gainingadeeperappreciationforthestrugglesandsuccessesofthosewhocamebeforeus.Understandingourselves.Literatureservesasamirror,reflectingaspectsofourlivesandemotions,promptingself-discovery.Throughtheexperiencesandjourneysoffictionalcharacters,readersfindopportunitiestoexaminetheirownthoughts,feelings,andactions.____18____Knowledgeofhumanpsyche(心灵).____19____Itoffersawindowintothecomplexitiesofemotions,thoughts,andbehaviors.Throughdetaileddescriptionsofcharactersandtheirinteractions,ituncoverstheunderlyingmotivationsandpsychologicalframeworksthatdriveactionsanddecisions.____20____Literatureopensagatewaytoexperiencingthetraditions,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofpeopleindifferentpartsoftheworld.Throughitspages,readersaretransportedtounfamiliarsettings.Forinstance,novelssetindistantregionsoftenweaveinthehistorical,religious,andsocialfabricsoftheirsettings.Theyrevealhowpeoplecelebratefestivalsanddeallwithsocietalchallenges.A.Developingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Understandingculturesandbeliefs.C.Literatureservesasamirrorofthehumanexperience.D.Anditfosterscreativity,empathy,andcriticalthinking.E.Literatureservesasabridgebetweenthepresentandthepast.F.Itoffersaspacewhereideasarechallenged,andnewviewpointsemerge.G.Theprocessofself-reflectionfostersgreaterawarenessofpersonalvalues.【答案】16.D17.E18.G19.C20.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述文学在塑造思想、回望过去、认知自我、了解心灵及理解文化等方面的重要价值。【16题详析】根据上文“Literatureholdsgreatimportanceinshapingourthoughtsandideas.Itoffersintellectualandemotionalenrichment.(文学在塑造我们的思想和观念方面具有重要意义。它能丰富我们的智力和情感)”以及下文“Itgoesbeyondsimplestorytelling,actingasagatewaytoknowledge,culture,andhistorywhileencouragingustoreflectonourplaceintheworld.(它超越了简单的讲故事，是通往知识、文化和历史的大门，同时鼓励我们反思自己在世界上的位置)”可知，此处应承接上文的文学价值，补充其更多积极作用，D选项“Anditfosterscreativity,empathy,andcriticalthinking.(它还能培养创造力、同理心和批判性思维)”中的it指代前文的Literature，且fosterscreativity,empathy,andcriticalthinking是对文学价值的进一步补充，与上下文衔接紧密。故选D项。【17题详析】根据上文“Aglimpse(一瞥)intothepast.(回望过去)”以及下文“Thusitpreserveshistoryandprovidingawindowintothelives,cultures,andchallengesofpreviouseras.(因此，它保存了历史，为我们了解过去时代人们的生活、文化和面临的挑战提供了一扇窗口)”可知，此处应体现文学连接当下与过去的作用，E选项“Literatureservesasabridgebetweenthepresentandthepast.(文学是连接现在与过去的桥梁)”中的betweenthepresentandthepast呼应上文的glimpseintothepast和下文的preserveshistory，符合语境。故选E项。【18题详析】根据上文“Understandingourselves.Literatureservesasamirror,reflectingaspectsofourlivesandemotions,promptingself-discovery.Throughtheexperiencesandjourneysoffictionalcharacters,readersfindopportunitiestoexaminetheirownthoughts,feelings,andactions.(了解自己。文学是一面镜子，反映了我们生活和情感的各个方面，促使我们发现自我。通过小说人物的经历和旅程，读者有机会审视自己的思想、感情和行为)”可知，此处应承接上文的“自我审视”，说明其带来的结果，G选项“Theprocessofself-reflectionfostersgreaterawarenessofpersonalvalues.(自我反思的过程能加深对个人价值观的认知)”中的self-reflection呼应上文的examinetheirownthoughts,feelings,andactions，符合语境。故选G项。【19题详析】根据上文“Knowledgeofhumanpsyche(心灵).(了解人类心灵)”以及下文“Itoffersawindowintothecomplexitiesofemotions,thoughts,andbehaviors.(它为我们了解复杂的情感、想法和行为提供了一扇窗口)”可知，此处应点明文学与人类体验的关联，C选项“Literatureservesasamirrorofthehumanexperience.(文学是人类体验的一面镜子)”中的humanexperience涵盖下文的emotions,thoughts,andbehaviors，符合语境。故选C项。【20题详析】根据下文“Literatureopensagatewaytoexperiencingthetraditions,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofpeopleindifferentpartsoftheworld.(文学为我们体验世界各地人们的传统、信仰和生活方式打开了一扇大门)”可知，此处应概括该段主旨，即文学帮助理解文化与信仰，B选项“Understandingculturesandbeliefs.(理解文化与信仰)”与下文内容高度契合，可作为该段主旨句。故选B项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Everyonecanbebraveintheirownway.Butaselectfewshowtheir____21____inthesamewayasRobertIrwin.Hisfather,StevenIrwin,thebeloved“CrocodileHunter”,hadthesame____22____,andwhilehetragicallypassedawayin2006,thatveryspiritlivesonthroughRobert.Thesamecanbesaidaboutthis____23____animal-lovingfamily!Nomatteriftheanimalis____24____IrightinthemiddleoftheirownAustralianzoooronetheycameacrossinthemiddleofnowhere,theIrwinfamily____25____interactingwithanimalsofallkinds.So,while____26____atthezoo,Robertwasmorethanhappytotakequestionsfrom____27____.Luckily,onthisparticularday,hejustsohappenedtosavetheverybestquestionforlast.AlittlegirlwascuriousaboutthewayRobertisabletosoeasily____28____withanimals,eventhescariestones.So,sheaskedhimquiteaninsightfulquestion.“Howdidyougetso____29____?”isnosmallquestion.Butitisabreathtakinglybeautifulone,____30____comingfromsomeonewhoissoyoung.Instantly,it’sclearthatRobertisalsoblownawaybythis____31____question.Still,withjustabitofthought,he’sableto____32____anexcellentanswer.“There’sa____33____betweenbraveryandfear.I’mafraidallofthetime,”Robertexplains.“Themostimportantthingishowyou____34____thatfear.”“IloveRobertIrwin.HehasSteven’sspirit,”someonewritesinreplytohisheartwarmingvideo,withanotherpersonadding,“Heishisfather’slivingspirit.Please____35____RobertIrwinatallcosts.Weneverwanttolosehim.”21.A.courage B.respect C.ambition D.intention22.A.interest B.quality C.reputation D.technique23.A.entire B.unique C.noble D.modest24.A.controlled B.developed C.found D.transported25.A.avoids B.risks C.faces D.loves26.A.working B.touring C.studying D.volunteering27.A.colleagues B.scientists C.visitors D.reporters28.A.reconnect B.coexist C.integrate D.engage29.A.fearless B.tireless C.careless D.motionless30.A.strangely B.surprisingly C.fortunately D.especially31.A.peaceful B.thoughtful C.successful D.thankful32.A.predict B.provide C.debate D.repeat33.A.difference B.conflict C.balance D.consistency34.A.switchoff B.comeacross C.respondto D.turnaround35.A.protect B.remember C.promote D.celebrate【答案】21.A22.B23.A24.C25.D26.A27.C28.D29.A30.D31.B32.B33.A34.C35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述罗伯特・欧文传承父亲精神，勇敢与动物相处并解答小女孩关于勇气的暖心故事。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但只有少数人像罗伯特・欧文一样展现出自己的勇气。A.courage勇气；B.respect尊重；C.ambition抱负；D.intention意图。根据上文“Everyonecanbebraveintheirownway.”可知，前文提及勇敢，此处对应指罗伯特展现出的勇气。故选A。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲史蒂文・欧文，深受喜爱的“鳄鱼猎人”，也拥有同样的品质，尽管他在2006年不幸离世，但这种精神通过罗伯特延续了下来。A.interest兴趣；B.quality品质；C.reputation名声；D.technique技巧。根据上文“showtheirinthesamewayasRobertIrwin”及下文“thatveryspiritlivesonthroughRobert”可知，父亲和罗伯特拥有相同的、与勇气相关的品质。故选B。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这整个热爱动物的家庭也是如此！A.entire全部的；B.unique独特的；C.noble高尚的；D.modest谦逊的。根据下文“theIrwinfamilyinteractingwithanimalsofallkinds.”推知，这一家人都喜爱动物。故选A。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论动物是在他们自己的澳大利亚动物园里被发现的，还是在偏远地区偶然遇到的，欧文一家都喜欢与各种动物互动。A.controlled控制；B.developed培养；C.found发现；D.transported运输。根据下文“onetheycameacrossinthemiddleofnowhere”可知，此处与cameacross（偶遇）对应，指动物被发现。故选C。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论动物是在他们自己的澳大利亚动物园里被发现的，还是在偏远地区偶然遇到的，欧文一家都喜欢与各种动物互动。