河南省郑州市十校联考2025-2026学年高一上学期11月期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省郑州市十校联考2025-2026学年高一上学期11月期中英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFouroftheWorld’sNaturalDisastersThefollowingfournaturaldisastersdestroyedcitiesandcommunitiesaroundtheworld.Byflood,typhoon,orearthquake,theseeventshavealtogethertakenmillionsofhumanlives.YangtzeRiverFloodThemajorfloodof1931coveredtensofthousandsofsquaremiles,floodingricefieldsandmanycities,includingNanjingandWuhan.Thefloodinfluencedmorethan50millionpeople.Governmentorganizations,includingtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,estimated(估计)thatabout3.7millionpeoplediedinthisdisaster.TyphoonNinaTyphoonNinastruckHenanprovinceofChinainAugust1975.Thetyphooncausedaseriousdam(水坝)failure,andmorethan150,000peopleweredeadorinjured.Accordingtoreports,atleast26,000peoplediedinthefloods.About145,000peoplediedfromdiseasescausedbywaterpollutionandfamine(饥荒).Thenumberofpeopleinfluencedbythedisasterwasmorethan10,000,000.KashmirEarthquakeOnOctober8,2005,adisastrousearthquakestrucktheJashmirregion.Theearthquakemeasured7.6,followedbymanyaftershocks,landslides,andfallingrocks.Theseriousnessofthedamageandthehighnumberofdeathswereworsenedbypoorconstruction(建筑).InKashmir,atleast79,000peoplewerekilled,andmorethan32,000buildingsbrokedown.HaitianEarthquakeAtthebeginningof2010,anearthquakehitHaiti.Theearthquakemeasured7.0andwasfollowedbyaftershocksthatmeasured5.9and5.5.Anotheraftershockthatmeasured5.9struckonJanuary20.Therehavebeendifferentviewsaboutthetotalnumberofdeathscausedbythisearthquake,butestimatessuggestthatabout200,000—300,000peopledied.Hundredsofthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomes.1.Whichnaturaldisastercausedthemostdeaths?A.TyphoonNina. B.KashmirEarthquake. C.HaitiEarthquake. D.YangtzeRiverFlood.2.WhatmadethesituationinKashmirmoreserious?A.Theseriousaftershocks. B.Thecontinuousfallingrocks.C.Theterribleconstruction. D.Thediseasesaftertheearthquake.3.WhatcanwelearnabouttheearthquakethathitHaiti?A.Ithappenedonlyonce. B.Itleftmanypeoplehomeless.C.Ithadmanysecondarydisasters. D.Ithappenedinthehottestseason.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了长江洪水、台风妮娜、克什米尔地震和海地地震这四次世界自然灾害，它们以不同形式造成大量人员伤亡、房屋损毁，波及众多民众。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Governmentorganizations,includingtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,estimatedthatabout3.7millionpeoplediedinthisdisaster.(包括国家海洋与大气管理局在内的政府机构估计，此次灾难造成约370万人丧生)”；第三段“Thetyphooncausedaseriousdamfailure,andmorethan150,000peopleweredeadorinjured.(这场台风导致了严重的水坝垮塌，造成超过15万人死亡或受伤)”；第四段“InKashmiratleast79,000peoplewerekilled,andmorethan32,000buildingsbrokedown.(在克什米尔地区，至少有79000人丧生，超过32000座建筑物倒塌)”以及最后一段“Therehasbeendifferentviewsaboutthetotalnumberofdeathscausedbythisearthquake,butestimatessuggestthatabout200,000—300,000peopledied.(对于此次地震造成的总死亡人数，存在不同的看法，但据估计，约有20万至30万人丧生)”可知，长江洪水造成的死亡人数最多。故选D。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Theseriousnessofthedamageandthehighnumberofdeathswereworsenedbypoorconstruction.(由于建筑质量不佳，此次灾害造成的破坏程度更加严重，死亡人数也大幅增加)”可知，糟糕的建筑质量让克什米尔的局势变得更加严峻。故选C。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Hundredsofthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomes.(又有数十万人被迫离开了自己的家园)”可知，这次袭击海地的地震导致许多人无家可归。故选B。BMyteacherheldupapieceofbrokenglassandasked,“Whobrokethiswindow?”Thirtyboystriedtothinkaboutnotonlywhattheyhaddone,butalsowhatourteachermighthavefoundout.Sheseldombecameangry,butshewasthistime.“Oh,”Ithought.Iwastheonewhobrokethewindow.Itwascausedbyanaughtythrowofabaseball.IfIadmittedguilt,Iwouldbeinalotoftrouble.HowwouldIbeabletopayforabigwindowlikethat?Ididn’tevengetpocketmoney.“Myfatherisgoingtobeannoyed,”Ithought.Ididn’twanttoraisemyhand,butsomeforcemuchstrongerthanIpulleditskyward.Itoldthetruth,“Ididit.”ItwashardenoughtosaywhatIhaddone.MyteachertookdownabookfromoneofourlibraryshelvesandIhadneverknownmyteacher,whowouldstrikeastudentwithit,butIfearedshewasgoingtostartwithme.“Iknowhowyoulikebirds,”shesaidasshestoodlookingdownatmyguilt-ridden(深感歉疚的)face.“Hereisthatfieldguideaboutbirdsthatyouareconstantlycheckingout.Itisyoursnow.It’stimethatwegotanewonefortheschoolanyway.YouwillnotbepunishedaslongasyourememberthatIamnotrewarding(奖励)youforyourmisdeed;Iamrewardingyouforyourhonesty.”Icouldn’tbelieveit!Iwasn’tbeingpunishedandIwasgettingmyownbirdfieldguide—theveryonethatIhadbeensavingupmoneytobuy.Allthatremainsofthatdayismymemoryandthelessonmyteachertaughtme.Thatlessonstayswithmeeveryday,anditwillecho(回响)forever.4.Howwastheauthor’steacheringeneral?A.Shecouldgetangryeasily.B.Shecouldbecomesadeasily.C.Shewasusuallystrictandserious.D.Shewasusuallygentleandmild.5.Whatdidtheauthorthinkwhenhisteachertookdownabook?A.Shewouldintroducethebook.B.Shewouldhithimhardwithit.C.Shewouldreadanarticlefromit.D.Shewouldgiveittohimasareward.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthefourthparagraph?A.Theauthorhadtopayforthebrokenwindow.B.Theteacherrewardedtheauthorforhisbravery.C.Theclasswouldgetanewbookaboutbirdssoon.D.Theauthorfeltproudwhenadmittinghismisdeed.7.Whatisthelessontheauthor’steachertaughthim?A.Honestypaysoff.B.Killtwobirdswithonestone.C.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.D.Forgiveotherswheneveryoucan.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者不小心打碎窗户后主动承认错误，老师未惩罚反而奖励他心仪的鸟类图鉴，让他铭记“诚实有回报”的道理。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Sheseldombecameangry,butshewasthistime.(她很少生气，但这次她生气了。)”可知，作者的老师通常性情温和，不轻易发怒，只是这次因窗户被打碎而生气。故选D项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“MyteachertookdownabookfromoneofourlibraryshelvesandIhadneverknownmyteacher,whowouldstrikeastudentwithit,butIfearedshewasgoingtostartwithme.(我的老师从图书馆的书架上取下一本书，我从来不知道我的老师会用它打学生，但我担心她会从我开始。)”可知，作者看到老师取下一本书时，以为老师会用这本书狠狠打他。故选B项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Hereisthatfieldguideaboutbirdsthatyouareconstantlycheckingout.Itisyoursnow.It’stimethatwegotanewonefortheschoolanyway.(这是你经常借阅的那本鸟类图鉴。现在它是你的了。不管怎样，我们学校也该换一本新的了。)”可知，学校很快会添置一本新的鸟类图鉴。故选C项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“YouwillnotbepunishedaslongasyourememberthatIamnotrewardingyouforyourmisdeed;Iamrewardingyouforyourhonesty.(你不会受到惩罚，只要你记住，我奖励你不是因为你的错误行为，而是因为你的诚实。)”及全文内容可知，老师通过奖励诚实的作者，传递了“诚实有回报”的道理，这也是作者从老师那里学到的核心教训。故选A项。CAsmallstudyoutofSkidmoreCollegeexaminedtheadvantagesofmorningvs,eveningexerciseforbothwomenandmen.Paul,professorforhealthatSkidmore,ledthestudy.“Wehadthegroupsdividedintoeveningandmorninggroups,”hesays.“Wefoundwomenandmenanswereddifferentlytodifferenttypesofexercisedependingonthetimeoftheday,whichsurprisedus.”Thestudyshowedthatforwomenwhowanttolowerbloodpressure(血压),theriskofheartdiseaseorreducefat,morningexerciseworksbest.Thosewomenhopingforupperbodymuscle(肌肉)gainsormood(心情)improvementshouldconsidereveningexercise.Forthemen,thefindingsweresomewhatdifferent:Eveningexerciselowersbloodpressure,theriskofheartdisease,andfeelingsoftiredness.Butsimilartowomen,theyburnmorefatwithmorningexercise.“Formanypeople,thebesttimetoexercisewilldependontheirchronotype,”saysHeisz,authorofMovetheBody,HealtheMind.“Chronotypeisyourbody’snaturalhabittosleepatacertaintime—it’swhatdecideswhetheryou’reanightowloranearlybird.Forthe25%ofthepopulationthatconsidersthemselvesanightowl,gettingbothenoughsleepandenoughexercisecanbedifficult,”addsHeisz.Hecontinues,“Sleep—whichprovidesyourbodythenecessarytimetorecover(恢复)andmakegainsfromexercise—shouldalwaysbethefirstchoice.Whenitcomestoexercise,regardlessofresearchontheadvantagesofcertainexercisesatparticulartimesoftheday,yourresultswillnotbegoodifitdoesn’tallowenoughtimeforsleep.”8.Whatcanwomengetbydoingeveningexerciseaccordingtothestudy?A.Afatloss.B.Agoodmood.C.Alowerbloodpressure.D.Asmallerriskofheartdisease.9.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph5?A.Giveanexample. B.Tellthedifference.C.Doanexperiment. D.Explainaterm.10.WhatdoesHeiszthinkisimportanttoachievegoodresultsofexercise?A.Enoughsleep. B.Low-fatfood.C.Plentyofwater. D.Lotsofexercise.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ANightOwlorAnEarlyBirdB.WhyFitnessPlanBeingImportantC.HowtoChangeYourExerciseTimeD.TheBestTimeofaDaytoExercise【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.D【语篇解读】本文是说明文。本文讲述了一项关于早晚锻炼对女性和男性不同的受益，研究表明对于男性和女性根据需求不同最佳锻炼时间不同。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thosewomenhopingforupperbodymuscle(肌肉)gainsormood(心情)improvementshouldconsidereveningexercise.(那些希望增加上身肌肉或改善情绪的女性应该考虑晚上锻炼)”可知，根据这项研究，女性可以通过晚上锻炼改善情绪，变得情绪好。故选B。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段内容““Chronotypeisyourbody’snaturalhabittosleepatacertaintime—it’swhatdecideswhetheryou’reanightowloranearlybird.Forthe25%ofthepopulationthatconsidersthemselvesanightowl,gettingbothenoughsleepandenoughexercisecanbedifficult,”addsHeisz.(“生物钟是你身体在特定时间睡觉的自然习惯，它决定了你是夜猫子还是早起鸟。对于25%认为自己是夜猫子的人来说，获得足够的睡眠和足够的锻炼是很困难的，”海兹补充道)”可知，在本段作者解释了一个术语——生物钟。故选D。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Whenitcomestoexercise,regardlessofresearchontheadvantagesofcertainexercisesatparticulartimesoftheday,yourresultswillnotbegoodifitdoesn’tallowenoughtimeforsleep.(说到运动，不管研究表明在一天中的特定时间进行某些运动有什么好处，如果没有足够的睡眠时间，你的结果都不会好)”可知，海兹认为要达到良好的运动效果，足够的睡眠是重要的。故选A。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“AsmallstudyoutofSkidmoreCollegeexaminedtheadvantagesofmorningvs,eveningexerciseforbothwomenandmen.(斯基德莫尔学院的一项小型研究调查了早晚锻炼对女性和男性的好处)”和第三段的“Thestudyshowedthatforwomenwhowanttolowerbloodpressure(血压),theriskofheartdiseaseorreducefat,morningexerciseworksbest.Thosewomenhopingforupperbodymuscle(肌肉)gainsormood(心情)improvementshouldconsidereveningexercise.Forthemen,thefindingsweresomewhatdifferent:Eveningexerciselowersbloodpressure,theriskofheartdisease,andfeelingsoftiredness.Butsimilartowomen,theyburnmorefatwithmorningexercise.(研究表明，对于想要降低血压、心脏病风险或减少脂肪的女性来说，晨练效果最好。那些希望增加上身肌肉或改善情绪的女性应该考虑晚上锻炼。对于男性来说，研究结果有些不同：晚上锻炼可以降低血压、患心脏病的风险和疲劳感。但与女性相似的是，他们通过晨练燃烧更多的脂肪)”可知，本文讲述了一项关于早晚锻炼对女性和男性不同的受益，研究表明对于男性和女性根据需求不同最佳锻炼时间不同。因此推断D项“一天中锻炼的最佳时间”为最佳标题。故选D。DAfterwakingupatthemidnighteverydayforaweek,todayyoumightbetoldyouhaveinsomnia(失眠).Butafewgenerationsago,thismayhardlyhavebeenreasonforconcern.Wakinginthemiddleofthenightwascommon,ifnotthenorm,inwesternpreindustrialcultures,accordingtoRogerEkirch,aprofessorofhistorywhoresearchedsegmented(分段的)sleep.Withschedulesruledbythesunratherthanclocksandelectriclights,peoplelikelywenttobedearlierand,insteadofaquick,continuouseighthours,mayhaveenjoyedalongerrestperiod,whichincludedtwoshortersleepsbrokenbyaperiodofwakefulness.Buttoday,withelectricitytolengthenourwakinghoursandalarmstocutshortourrest,mostpeopletrytosleepinonecontinuoussession.Historicalrecordscontainsignsoftwoperiodsofsleepinhumansdatingbacktohundredsofyears.Atthattime,peoplewouldsleepforseveralhours,andreawakensometimeaftermidnightforanhourbeforereturningtobedforthesecondsleep.Someexpertsbelievethatthisbehaviormaystillbeinournature.Inhis1992pioneeringworkonthesubject,scientistThomasWehrobservedthat,afterseveralweeksofbeinglimitedtoadarkroomfor14hoursperday,nearlyallparticipantshadchangedintothesleepcycle.Infact,theseperiodsofwakefulnessbetweensleepcouldevenserveasaguard.Inoneexperiment,participantswouldwakeupatalittledifferenttimeseachnightandthat,usually,therewasnotimewheneverysinglepersonwasasleep.Fromadevelopingpointofview,thismighthaveserveda“guardfunction”bymakingsurethattherewasalwayssomeoneawaketokeepwatchforthegroup.Becausesleepisinfluencedbyenvironmentalandsocialfactors,patternscanvarywidelyamongdifferentpeople.“Imainlydon’tthinkthatthere’sanyonepatternofsleepthatisthehumansleeppattern,”RussellFosteradds.“Ithinkthatadaptability(适应力)isthemainfeature.”12.Whydidpeopleinthepasthavealongerrestperiod?A.Theyhadafreeschedule.B.Theylivedalifewithoutalarms.C.Theyfollowednaturallaws.D.Theyformedaweaksenseoftime.13.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisbehavior”refertoinparagraph3?A.Thereturntosleep. B.Thesegmentedsleep.C.Sleepingforseveralhours. D.Wakingupatacertaintime.14.Whatistheroleofwakefulnessbetweensleep?A.Keepingthegroupsafe.B.Controllingsleepperiods.C.Increasingsocialconnection.D.Strengtheningsleepadaptability.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Therecordedstudyonhumansleep.B.Thesciencebehindsegmentedsleep.C.Howsegmentedsleepbenefitshumans.D.Howsocialfactorsinfluencesleeppatterns.【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人类睡眠模式的变化，从过去以自然规律为主导的分段睡眠，到现代因电力和闹钟影响而形成的连续睡眠模式，同时探讨了社会因素对睡眠模式的影响。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Withschedulesruledbythesunratherthanclocksandelectriclights,peoplelikelywenttobedearlierand,insteadofaquick,continuouseighthours,mayhaveenjoyedalongerrestperiod,whichincludedtwoshortersleepsbrokenbyaperiodofwakefulness.(在依循日出日落而非钟表与电灯安排作息的年代，人们往往更早就寝。他们的睡眠并非连续且完整的八小时睡眠，而是包含两段较短睡眠、中间伴有清醒时段的长时休息)”可知，过去的人有更长的休息时间是因为他们遵循自然规律。故选C项。【13题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Historicalrecordscontainsignsoftwoperiodsofsleepinhumansdatingbacktohundredsofyears.Atthattime,peoplewouldsleepforseveralhours,andreawakensometimeaftermidnightforanhourbeforereturningtobedforthesecondsleep.(历史记录中包含着人类数百年来两个睡眠阶段的迹象。那时，人们会睡上几个小时，然后在午夜后的某个时刻醒来一个小时，然后再回到床上进行第二次睡眠)”和“Someexpertsbelievethatthisbehaviormaystillbeinournature.(一些专家认为，这种行为可能仍然存在于我们的天性中)”可知，第三段主要介绍了人类历史上分段睡眠的现象，并指出一些专家认为这种行为可能仍然存在于我们的天性中。由此推知，thisbehavior指代的是上文说到的“分段睡眠”。故选B项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Infact,theseperiodsofwakefulnessbetweensleepcouldevenserveasaguard.Inoneexperiment,participantswouldwakeupatalittledifferenttimeseachnightandthat,usually,therewasnotimewheneverysinglepersonwasasleep.Fromadevelopingpointofview,thismighthaveserveda“guardfunction”bymakingsurethattherewasalwayssomeoneawaketokeepwatchforthegroup.(事实上，这些睡眠间歇的清醒时段甚至能起到守卫作用。某项研究显示，参与者每晚的觉醒时间各不相同，且通常不会出现全员同时沉睡的情况。从演化的视角来看，这种睡眠模式可能天然具备“警戒功能”——确保群体中始终有人保持警觉值守)”可知，睡眠之间的清醒状态的作用是保证群体的安全。故选A项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“Withschedulesruledbythesunratherthanclocksandelectriclights,peoplelikelywenttobedearlierand,insteadofaquick,continuouseighthours,mayhaveenjoyedalongerrestperiod,whichincludedtwoshortersleepsbrokenbyaperiodofwakefulness.Buttoday,withelectricitytolengthenourwakinghoursandalarmstocutshortourrest,mostpeopletrytosleepinonecontinuoussession.(在依循日出日落而非钟表与电灯安排作息的年代，人们往往更早就寝。他们的睡眠并非连续且完整的八小时睡眠，而是包含两段较短睡眠、中间伴有清醒时段的长时休息。但在当今时代，电力延长了清醒时光，闹钟截断了休息周期，多数人转而追求连续不间断的单次睡眠)”和最后一段“Becausesleepisinfluencedbyenvironmentalandsocialfactors,patternscanvarywidelyamongdifferentpeople.“Imainlydon’tthinkthatthere’sanyonepatternofsleepthatisthehumansleeppattern,”RussellFosteradds.“Ithinkthatadaptability(适应力)isthemainfeature.”(由于睡眠受到环境与社会因素的双重影响，不同个体的睡眠模式可能存在显著差异。“我始终认为，并不存在某种统一的人类睡眠模式，”罗素·福斯特补充道，“适应力才是其最根本的特征。”)”可知，本文主要讨论了社会因素是如何影响人类睡眠模式的。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。BEAGOODTOURISTTourismcanbebothgoodandbad.Yes,itbringsinmoneyforthelocaleconomyandcreateslotsofjobsforlocals,butitmayalsobringsomeproblems.____16____.Touristshaveusedrocks,orevenkeystowriteonmanytouristplaces.Thousandsoftouristsitesarebeingdestroyedbytouristswho“lovethemtodeath”.Ihavethreewordsforpeoplelikethis:pleasestopit.Ifyouwanttoleaveamarkontheworld,doitbychangingsomeone’slifewithkindnessandlove.____17____.Anotherbigprobleminsomeplaceshasbeentouristsdisturbing(打扰)thelocalpeopleandlife.____18____.Forexample,ChiangMaiUniversityinThailandandYonseiUniversityinSouthKoreahavegreatnumbersoftouristsvisitingtheircampusesandwalkingthroughtheirlibrariesandotherpublicareas,takingpicturesofstudents,anddisturbingtheirstudies.AnotherexampleisSanlitun,aneighbourhoodinBeijing,China.Sometouristslovetopartytherelateintothenight,makingitdifficultforlocalstosleep.Ihavethreewordsfortouristslikethis:pleasebeconsiderate(为他人着想的).____19____.Thenumberofproblemsfromtouristsisendless:walkinginlargegroupswithoutconsideringotherswhoneedtowalkby,crossingroadswithoutthinkingoflocaltrafficlaws,andmanymore.____20____!Bethebest,kindest,mostpolitetouristasmuchaspossible.Remember,wheneveryougoabroad,youarerepresenting(代表)yourcountrytotherestoftheworld.A.It’simportanttobeagoodtouristB.HavefuninawaythatdoesnotdisturbothersC.ThebesttouristsarethosewhoaretravellingforfunD.Passkindnessalongtofuturegenerations,notdestructionE.TheonlywaytosolvetheproblemsistomakesurethatyouarenotoneF.SometouristswalkaroundandphotographlocalpeoplewithoutpermissionG.Onegrowingproblemistouristswhowanttoprovetheyhavevisitedadestination【答案】16.G17.D18.F19.B20.E【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了旅游业的利弊，重点讨论了游客不当行为带来的问题，并呼吁大家成为有礼貌、为他人着想的好游客。【16题详析】由上文“Tourismcanbebothgoodandbad.Yes,itbringsinmoneyforthelocaleconomyandcreateslotsofjobsforlocals,butitmayalsobringsomeproblems.(旅游业既有好的一面，也有坏的一面。是的，它为当地经济带来收入，为当地人创造了大量就业机会，但也可能带来一些问题。)”及下文“Touristshaveusedrocks,orevenkeystowriteonmanytouristplaces.Thousandsoftouristsitesarebeingdestroyedbytouristswho“lovethemtodeath”.(游客们用石头，甚至钥匙在许多旅游景点上写字。成千上万的旅游景点正被那些“爱它们至死”的游客破坏。)”可知，本空应强调游客行为带来的一个具体问题。G选项“Onegrowingproblemistouristswhowanttoprovetheyhavevisitedadestination(一个日益严重的问题是游客想要证明他们去过某个目的地)”是对下文游客破坏行为的一个原因概述，能承上启下，符合题意。故选G。【17题详析】由上文“Ifyouwanttoleaveamarkontheworld,doitbychangingsomeone’slifewithkindnessandlove.(如果你想在这个世界上留下印记，那就用善良和爱去改变别人的生活。)”可知，本空应强调善良和爱的传承。D选项“Passkindnessalongtofuturegenerations,notdestruction(把善良传递给后代，而不是破坏)”是对上文观点的进一步阐述，能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。【18题详析】由上文“Anotherbigprobleminsomeplaceshasbeentouristsdisturbing(打扰)thelocalpeopleandlife.(在一些地方，另一个大问题就是游客打扰了当地人的生活。)”及下文“Forexample,ChiangMaiUniversityinThailandandYonseiUniversityinSouthKoreahavegreatnumbersoftouristsvisitingtheircampusesandwalkingthroughtheirlibrariesandotherpublicareas,takingpicturesofstudents,anddisturbingtheirstudies.(例如，泰国的清迈大学和韩国的延世大学都有大量游客参观他们的校园，穿过他们的图书馆和其他公共区域，给学生拍照，打扰他们的学习。)”可知，本空应举例说明游客如何打扰当地人。F选项“Sometouristswalkaroundandphotographlocalpeoplewithoutpermission(一些游客未经允许就在周围走动，给当地人拍照)”是对下文游客打扰行为的一个具体例子，能承上启下，符合题意。故选F。【19题详析】由上文“AnotherexampleisSanlitun,aneighbourhoodinBeijing,China.Sometouristslovetopartytherelateintothenight,makingitdifficultforlocalstosleep.Ihavethreewordsfortouristslikethis:pleasebeconsiderate(为他人着想的).(另一个例子是中国北京的三里屯。一些游客喜欢在那里玩到深夜，让当地人很难入睡。对于这样的游客，我有三个字：请为他人着想。)”可知，本空应强调游客在享受乐趣的同时也要考虑他人。B选项“Havefuninawaythatdoesnotdisturbothers(以不打扰别人的方式享受乐趣)”是对上文观点的进一步阐述，能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。【20题详析】由上文“Thenumberofproblemsfromtouristsisendless:walkinginlargegroupswithoutconsideringotherswhoneedtowalkby,crossingroadswithoutthinkingoflocaltrafficlaws,andmanymore.(游客带来的问题数不胜数：成群结队地行走而不考虑其他需要路过的人，过马路时不考虑当地的交通法规，等等。)”及下文“Bethebest,kindest,mostpolitetouristasmuchaspossible.(尽可能成为最好、最善良、最有礼貌的游客。)”可知，本空应强调解决问题的关键在于游客自身的行为。E选项“Theonlywaytosolvetheproblemsistomakesurethatyouarenotone(解决问题的唯一方法就是确保自己不是（造成问题）的那类人)”是对上文问题的总结，并引出下文对游客行为的期望，符合题意。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave____21____thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her____22____camebecauseshewascarryinga____23____acrossthefinishline.Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher____24____whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She____25____tohelpherfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith____26____.Shecouldn’t.Baileythen____27____toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget____28____attention.Oncethere,Lenouewas____29____andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme____30____tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey’shelp.AsforBailey,sheismore____31____aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig____32____.“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn’t____33____her,”Baileytoldthereporter.“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing.”Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe____34____,they’vesincebecomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthedisplay(流露)ofhuman____35____wontheday.21.A.finished B.followed C.changed D.designed22.A.excuse B.chance C.trouble D.delay23.A.judge B.volunteer C.competitor D.classmate24.A.school B.race C.town D.training25.A.stopped B.returned C.agreed D.promised26.A.courage B.determination C.aid D.advice27.A.wentaway B.bentdown C.walkedaside D.stoodup28.A.equal B.public C.positive D.medical29.A.examined B.delivered C.recognized D.explored30.A.hunger B.pain C.cold D.tiredness31.A.worried B.frightened C.annoyed D.confused32.A.game B.problem C.deal D.lesson33.A.treat B.leave C.evacuate D.understand34.A.ride B.test C.meet D.show35.A.kindness B.regard C.rescue D.strength【答案】21.A22.D23.C24.B25.A26.C27.B28.D29.A30.B31.D32.C33.B34.C35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述明尼苏达州越野赛跑中，梅兰妮·贝利为救助受伤的参赛选手丹妮尔·勒努瓦，背着她冲过终点线，两人从陌生人变为朋友，其善意之举打动人心的故事。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：梅兰妮·贝利本应该比实际更早完成赛程。A.finished完成；B.followed跟随；C.changed改变；D.designed设计。根据后文“becauseshewascarryingacompetitoracrossthefinishline”可知，贝利因救助他人耽误了时间，原本能更早“完成”比赛。故选A项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延误是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过了终点线。A.excuse借口；B.chance机会；C.trouble麻烦；D.delay延误。根据前文“MelanieBaileyshouldhave________thecourseearlierthanshedid.”可知，贝利未能按时完成比赛，出现了“延误”符合语境。故选D项。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延误是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过了终点线。A.judge裁判；B.volunteer志愿者；C.competitor参赛者；D.classmate同学。根据前文“hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryrace”和后文的“whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.”可知，贝利救助的是另一名“参赛者”。故选C项。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地报纸报道，贝利在比赛中跑过了三分之二以上的路程时，前面一名参赛者痛苦地哭了起来。A.school学校；B.race比赛；C.town城镇；D.training训练。根据前文“cross-countryrace”可知，此处指在“比赛”过程中，前后语义一致。故选B项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的参赛同伴丹妮尔·勒努瓦。A.stopped停止；B.returned返回；C.agreed同意；D.promised承诺。根据后文“helpherfellowrunner”和“carriedherallthewaytothefinishline”可知，贝利为了救助他人“停止”了自己的比赛进程。故选A项。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝利扶住她的胳膊，看她是否能在帮助下继续往前走。A.courage勇气；B.determination决心；C.aid帮助；D.advice建议。根据前文“Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher________whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.”可知，勒努瓦受伤痛苦，贝利想提供“帮助”让她继续前行。故选C项。【27题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：贝利随后弯下腰，让勒努瓦爬到她背上，然后一路背着她冲到终点线，又走了300英尺，直到勒努瓦能得到医疗救助的地方。A.wentaway离开；B.bentdown弯腰；C.walkedaside走到一边；D.stoodup站起来。根据后文“letLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline”可知，要让他人爬到背上，需要先“弯腰”，符合动作逻辑。故选B项。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：贝利随后弯下腰，让勒努瓦爬到她背上，然后一路背着她冲到终点线，又走了300英尺，直到勒努瓦能得到医疗救助的地方。A.equal平等的；B.public公共的；C.positive积极的；D.medical医疗的。根据前文“arunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain”和后文“takentoahospital”可知，勒努瓦受伤需要“医疗”救助。故选D项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：到达那里后，勒努瓦接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A.examined检查；B.delivered交付；C.recognized认出；D.explored探索。根据后文“andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.”可知，勒努瓦先在救助点接受了初步“检查”。故选A项。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有贝利的帮助，她要忍受极度的疼痛才能到达那个救助站。A.hunger饥饿；B.pain疼痛；C.cold寒冷；D.tiredness疲惫。根据前文“whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.”和“whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.”可知，勒努瓦受伤后会承受巨大“疼痛”。故选B项。【31题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于贝利，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A.worried担心的；B.frightened害怕的；C.annoyed恼怒的；D.confused困惑的。根据后文“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing”可知，贝利觉得自己只是做了该做的事，对他人的过度关注感到“困惑”。故选D项。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于贝利，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A.game游戏；B.problem问题；C.deal重要的事；D.lesson教训。根据前文“heractisconsideredabig”和后文媒体报道、他人关注可知，贝利的行为被外界视为“大事”，abigdeal为固定短语，意为“一件大事”。故选C项。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“她只是在哭。我不能丢下她，”贝利告诉记者。A.treat对待；B.leave丢下；C.evacuate撤离；D.understand理解。根据前文“Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith_______.”以及贝利救助勒努瓦的行为可知，她不忍心“丢下”受伤哭泣的参赛者。故选B项。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两位年轻女性在比赛之前是陌生人，但从那以后她们成了朋友。A.ride骑行；B.test测试；C.meet比赛；D.show展示。根据前文“thetwoyoungwomenwerestrangers”和后文“they’vesincebecomefriends”可知，她们在比赛之前是陌生人。故选C项。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但人性的善意赢得了这一天。A.kindness善意；B.regard尊重；C.rescue救援；D.strength力量。根据前文贝利救助受伤参赛者的行为可知，这体现了人性的“善意”，是此次事件中最珍贵的东西。故选A项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。CHINATOTHERESCUE!TheChinaInternationalSearchandRescueTeam(CISAR)wasformedin2001.Theteambringshelpandhopetothose____36____livesarechangedbyastorm,flood,earthquake,oranyothernaturaldisaster.Afterlongandcarefultraining,theteamwenton____37____(it)firstinternationalrescuemissions(任务)in2003.Thatyear,theChineseteamhelpedsavelivesafterearthquakesinAlgeria(阿尔及利亚)andIran(伊朗).Sincethen,theCISAR____38____(complete)manymissions.Thelistofpeopletowhomhelphasbeengivenislong.Rescueworkersaretrainedtofindpeople,treatinjuries,andhandoutfood,water,andother____39____(supply).Theyhavetobeabletodoworkthatis____40____(challenge)underconditionsthat