《工业分析 Industrial Analysis》课件-钢铁中碳的测定（双语）

项目六：钢铁分析任务二：钢铁中碳的测定钢铁中碳的测定课程：工业分析中文Scenario6:SteelanalysisTask2:DeterminationofcarboninsteelDeterminationofcarboninsteelCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish一、钢铁中碳的测定方法介绍碳的存在形式游离碳：不溶于酸化合碳：能溶于酸而破坏测定各种形态的碳属于相分析；在成分分析中，一般钢样只测定总碳量。生铁试样除测定总碳量外，常分别测定游离碳和化合碳的含量。中文一、IntroductiontothedeterminationmethodofcarboninsteelTheexistenceformofcarbonFreecarbon:insolubleinacidsCompoundcarbon:candissolveinacidandbedestroyedTheoperationofmeasuringvariousformsofcarbonbelongstophaseanalysis;Incompositionanalysis,generallyonlythetotalcarboncontentismeasuredforsteelsamples.Inadditiontomeasuringthetotalcarboncontent,thecontentoffreecarbonandcombinedcarboninpigironsamplesisoftenmeasuredseparately.Eglish总碳量的测定方法有很多，但通常都是将试样置于高温氧气流中燃烧，使之转化为二氧化碳再用适当方法测定，具体又分为以下几种：燃烧-气体容量法燃烧-库仑法燃烧-非水滴定法中文Therearemanymethodsformeasuringtotalcarboncontent,andthemostcommonlyusedmethodisusuallytoburnthesampleinahigh-temperatureoxygenflow,convertitintocarbondioxide,andthenuseappropriatemethodstomeasureit.Specifically,thereareseveraltypes:combustiongascapacitymethodcombustioncoulombmethodcombustionnonaqueoustitrationmethodEglish1、燃烧-气体容量法燃烧-气体容积法是目前国内外广泛采用的标准方法。本法成本低，有较高的准确度，测得结果是总碳量的绝对值。其缺点是要求有较熟练的操作技巧，分析时间较长，对低碳试样测定误差较大。中文1、CombustiongascapacitymethodThecombustiongasvolumemethodiscurrentlywidelyusedasastandardmethodbothdomesticallyandinternationally.Thismethodhaslowcostandhighaccuracy,andthemeasuredresultistheabsolutevalueoftotalcarboncontent.Itsdisadvantageisthatitrequiresproficientoperationalskills,longeranalysistime,andlargermeasurementerrorsforlow-carbonsamples.Measurementprocessstep1●Placethesampleinahigh-temperaturefurnaceandburnitafteroxygenisintroducedStep2ThegeneratedgascontainingCO2iscollectedinameasuringtubetomeasureitsvolume,andthenCO2isabsorbedbyKOHStep3MeasurethechangeingasvolumeinthemeasuringtubebeforeandafterabsorptionStep4CalculatetheresultsbasedonthetemperatureandpressureduringmeasurementEglish2、燃烧-库仑法Ba(ClO4)2+CO2+H2OBaCO3+HClO4中文2、CombustioncoulombmethodBa(ClO4)2+CO2+H2OBaCO3+HClO4Measurementprocessstep1●Placethesampleinahigh-temperaturefurnaceandburnitafteroxygenisintroducedStep2ThegeneratedCO2isabsorbedbyaBa(ClO4)2solution,whichchangesthepHofthesolutionStep3ElectrolysisreturnsthepHofthesolutiontoitsinitialstateStep4CalculatecarboncontentbasedontheamountofelectricityconsumedbyelectrolysisEglish3、燃烧-非水滴定法中文3、CombustionnonaqueoustitrationmethodMeasurementprocessstep1step2step3Placethesampleinahigh-temperaturefurnaceandburnitafteroxygenisintroducedThegeneratedCO2isabsorbedbyanethanolethanolaminesolutionTitrationofabsorptionsolutionwithpotassiumethanolsolutionEglish二、燃烧-气体容量法测定钢铁中碳1、方法原理试样在1200～1300℃的高温O2气流中燃烧，钢铁中的碳被氧化生成CO2:C+O2=CO24Fe3C+13O2=4CO2+6Fe2O3

Mn3C+3O2=CO2+Mn3O3FeS+5O2=Fe3O4+3SO23MnS+5O2=Mn3O4+3SO2用KOH吸收CO2除硫剂：活性二氧化锰中文二、Determinationofcarboninsteelbycombustiongasvolumetricmethod1、Methodprinciple

ThesampleburnsinanO2airflowathightemperaturesrangingfrom1200to1300℃,andthecarboninthesteelisoxidizedtoproduceCO2:

C+O2=CO24Fe3C+13O2=4CO2+6Fe2O3

Mn3C+3O2=CO2+Mn3O3FeS+5O2=Fe3O4+3SO23MnS+5O2=Mn3O4+3SO2UsingKOHtoabsorbCO2Desulfurizationagent:activemanganesedioxideEglish图

气体容量法定碳装置1-氧气瓶，2-氧气表，3-缓冲瓶，4、5-洗气瓶，6-干燥塔，7-玻璃磨口塞，8-管式炉，9-燃烧管，10-除硫管，11-容量定碳仪(包括:冷凝管a、量气管b、水准瓶c、吸收瓶d、小旋塞e、三通旋塞f），l2-球形干燥管，13-瓷舟，14-温度自动控制器，15-供氧旋塞2、测定仪器中文GasCapacityCarbonizationDevice1-Oxygencylinder,2-Oxygenmeter,3-Buffercylinder,4,5-Washingcylinder,6-Dryingtower,7-Glassgrindingplug,8-Tubefurnace,9-Combustiontube,10-Sulfurremovaltube,11-Capacitycarbonanalyzer(includingcondensertubea,measuringtubeb,levelbottlec,absorptionbottled,smallcocke,three-waycockf),12-Sphericaldryingtube,13-Porcelainboat,14-Temperatureautomaticcontroller,15-Oxygensupplycock2、measuringinstrumentEglish3、测定试剂氢氧化钾吸收剂溶液（400g/L）；除硫剂活性二氧化锰（粒状）或钒酸银；酸性氯化钠溶液（250g/L）；助熔剂：锡粒（或锡片）、铜、氧化铜、纯铁粉；高锰酸钾溶液（40g/L）；甲基橙指示剂（2g/L）。中文3、TestingreagentsPotassiumhydroxideabsorbentsolution(400g/L);Sulfurremovalagent:activemanganesedioxide(granular)orsilvervanadate;Acidicsodiumchloridesolution(250g/L);Fluxes:tinparticles(ortinsheets),copper,copperoxide,pureironpowder;Potassiumpermanganatesolution(40g/L);Methylorangeindicator(2g/L).Eglish4、测定步骤将炉温升至1200～1350℃，检查管路及活塞是否漏气，装置是否正常，燃烧标准样品，检查仪器及操作。称取适量试样置于瓷舟中，将适量助熔剂覆盖于试样上面，打开玻璃磨口塞，将瓷舟放入瓷管内，用长钩推至高温处，立即塞紧磨口塞。预热lmin，按照定碳仪操作规程操作，测定其读数(体积或含量)。打开磨口塞，用长钩将瓷舟拉出，即可进行下一试样分析。中文4、Measurementsteps

Raisethefurnacetemperatureto1200-1350℃,checkforleaksinthepipelinesandpistons,ensurethedeviceisfunctioningproperly,burnstandardsamples,andinspectinstrumentsandoperations.

Weighanappropriateamountofsampleandplaceitinaporcelainboat.Coverthesamplewithanappropriateamountofflux,opentheglassgrindingplug,placetheporcelainboatintotheporcelaintube,usealonghook