三年（2023-2025）江苏中考英语真题分类汇编专题05 阅读理解之说明文（解析版）

专题05阅读理解之说明文Passage1（2025·江苏盐城·中考真题）Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenifyoudrawapicturewithcrayonsandcoverupthatpicturewithpaint?Nowfollowthestepsbelowtofindouttheanswer.Whatyouneed*crayonsofdifferentcolours*drawingpaper*blueposterpaint*asmallbowl*acupfilledwithwater*apaintbrushHowtodoitStep1

Thinkaboutasceneundertheseawithdifferent-colouredfishandseaplants.Andthendrawthefishandseaplantswithyourcrayons.Themorecoloursyouuse,thebetteryourpicturewillbe.

Step2

Pouralittlebluepaintintothebowl.Addabitofwaterandstir(搅拌)tomakeyourpaintalittlethinner.

Step3

Dipyourbrushintothebluepaintinthebowl.Coveryourwholepicturewiththebluepaint.Whathappens?Youhaveseaplantsandanimalslivinginabluesea!Whyithappens

Yourcrayonsaremadeofwax(蜡).Waxresists,orstaysawayfromthepaint.That’swhyitdoesnotcoverthepicture.Soyourseaplantsandfisharestillthere.1．WhichtoolisneededforStep1?A．Apaintbrush. B．Differentcrayons.C．Asmallbowl. D．Somebluepaint.2．WhichpictureshowswhatyoudoinStep2?A． B． C． D．3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastpartmean?A．Paper. B．Water. C．Thebowl. D．Thepaint.【答案】1．B2．C3．D【导语】本文介绍了一个科学小实验：用不同颜色蜡笔画海底场景，再用稀释的蓝色颜料覆盖画面，由于蜡排斥颜料，蜡笔画的图案不会被覆盖，最终呈现“蓝色大海中的生物”效果。核心是指导读者完成实验并理解实验背后“蜡与颜料相互排斥”的原理。1．细节理解题。根据“Step1”下面的“Andthendrawthefishandseaplantswithyourcrayons.”可知，需要用到的是不同颜色的蜡笔。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据“Step2Pouralittlebluepaintintothebowl.Addabitofwaterandstir(搅拌)tomakeyourpaintalittlethinner.”可知，第二步是“将蓝色颜料和水倒入碗中并搅拌”，选项C图描述内容符合题意。故选C。3．词句猜测题。根据“Yourcrayonsaremadeofwax.Waxresists,orstaysawayfromthepaint.That’swhyitdoesnotcoverthepicture.”可知，颜料因为被蜡排斥而无法覆盖蜡笔画的内容，因此“it”指代的是“thepaint”。故选D。Passage2（2025·江苏淮安·中考真题）Ifyousearchforplacesofbeauty,wetlandsprobablywon’tbehighonyourlist.Wetlandsareareasoflandthatareoftencompletelywetwithwater.Althoughtheymightnotlookverypretty,therolesthattheyplayinnaturemightgobeyondmanypeople’simagination.Wetlandsappearnaturallyinalmosteverypartoftheworld.TherearemanydifferenttypesofwetlandsonEarth.Alongwithrainforests,theyareamongthemostdiverse(多样的)placesonEarth.Besidesnaturalwetlands,humansarealsocreatingman-madeonesforanumberofpurposesaboutwatermanagement.Oneofthemainadvantagesofwetlandsisthattheycanpreventfloods.Theydosobystoringwaterforacertaintimeandthenslowlyreleasing(释放)itovertime.Wetlandsoperatesimilarlytoasponge(海绵).Whenitrainsheavilyandwaterlevelsrise,theytakeintheextrawaterwhichmaycausefloods.Thispreventswaterfromenteringriversandstreams.Then,whenwaterlevelsbecomelowlater,theywillreleaseit.Inmanycases,wetlandsofferamuchmorenaturalwaythandams(坝).However,it’simportanttonotethatwetlands,likedams,don’tstopalldangersfromflooding.Oncethereisaveryheavyrainfall,wetlandsmayfillupandanyextrawaterwillstarttorunoff.Wetlandsalsoplayapartincleaningwater.Farmingactionsandcitywastearemaincausesofwaterpollution.Wetlandsincludeplantsandorganismsthatcanreducethispollutionbyclearingoutunwantedthings.Wetlandshaveotheradvantagesfortheenvironmentaswell.Theycanhelptofeednearbyfishpopulationsbyreleasingsomethingthatcanbeusedasfoodforthemintorivers.Also,manyanimalslikefrogsusewetlandsasbaby-raisinggroundsbecausetheyprovidetheplaceforcatchingfoodandthewaterrequired.Somebirdsalsocometothewetlandsforfoodandshelter.Althoughwetlandsmaynotlookpretty,it’sclearthattheyareabletodotheimportantworkwhichisnecessarytomakesurethatthecircleofliferemainsunbroken.4．Whydoesthewritermention“sponge”inParagraph3?A．Toexplaintheflood-preventingworkofwetlands.B．Todescribethesponge’sfeatureofstoringwater.C．Toshowthewetlandscantakeinwaterquicklylikeasponge.D．Tocomparethesimilarpointsbetweenwetlandsandasponge.5．Whatcanwelearnaboutwetlandsfromthepassage?A．Peoplecreateman-madewetlandstodealwithwater.B．Peoplepraisewetlandsfornaturalbeauty.C．Wetlandscansolvethepollutionproblems.D．Wetlandscancompletelypreventthedangerscausedbyfloods.6．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．Wetlands—CircleofLifeB．Wetlands—HomeofLivingThingsC．Wetlands—FriendofEarthD．Wetlands—CleanerofEnvironment【答案】4．A5．A6．C【导语】本文主要介绍了湿地看似不美观，但分布广泛、类型多样，还具备防洪、净化水质、助力生物生存等重要作用，对维系生命循环具有重要意义。4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Whenitrainsheavilyandwaterlevelsrise,theytakeintheextrawaterwhichmaycausefloods.Thispreventswaterfromenteringriversandstreams.”可知当暴雨倾盆、水位上涨时，它们会吸纳多余的水分，从而避免洪水泛滥。这能防止水流入江河溪流。用海绵的例子来解释了湿地的防洪作用。故选A。5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Besidesnaturalwetlands,humansarealsocreatingman-madeonesforanumberofpurposesaboutwatermanagement.”可知，除了天然湿地，人类还出于多种水资源管理的目的建造人工湿地。故选A。6．最佳标题题。通读全文并根据“Althoughtheymightnotlookverypretty,therolesthattheyplayinnaturemightgobeyondmanypeople’simagination.”可知，文章强调了湿地的多个重要功能：防洪、净化水质、支撑生物生存以及维持生态循环，选项C“湿地——地球之友”符合题意。故选C。Passage3（2025·江苏无锡·中考真题）BrazilianartistVikMunizuseseverydayobjectsinunusualways.Throughhisart,Munizmakespeoplethinkdifferentlyabouttheireverydaylives-eventheirownrubbish.In2007,Munizworkedonatwo-yearprojectatoneoftheworld’slargestlandfills.Untilitsclosurein2012,JardimGramachoreceivedabout70percentoftherubbishfromRiodeJaneiro.About3,000rubbishpickers,knownascatadores,workedthere.Theirjobwastohuntthroughtherubbishforrecyclablecans,bottles,andothermaterials.Theythenmademoneybysellingtheobjectstorecyclingcompanies.Thecatadores’workwasdirtyanddangerous,andmostofthemonlyreceivedbetween$20and$25aday.Despitethehardconditions,manycatadoreswereproudoftheirwork.ValterDosSantos,aworkeratJardimGramachoformorethan25years,toldMuniz,“Iamproudtobeapicker.Itrytoexplaintopeoplethatrecyclingpreventsgreatharmtonatureandtheenvironment.Peoplesometimessay,‘Butonesinglesodacan?’Onesinglecanisofgreatimportance!Thatsinglecanwillmakethedifference.”MunizbecamefriendswithDosSantosandothercatadores.Theyallowedhimtotaketheirphotographsatthelandfill,wheretheyposedforartisticportraits.Forexample,MunizphotographedalandfillworkerinthestyleofafamousFrenchpainting.TheworkersthenhelpedMunizcreatehugeimagesofthesephotosonthefloorofhisworkshop.Theyusedmaterialsfromthelandfilltoaddcoloranddepthtotheimages.________Munizsayshewantedto“changethelivesofpeoplewiththesamematerialstheydealwitheveryday.”AphotographofhisrecreationoftheFrenchpaintingsoldfor£28,000($50,000)ataLondonartauction.Munizgavethemoneytothecatadoresworkers’organization.In2010,amoviecalledWasteLandwasmadeaboutMuniz’sproject.Thefilmreceivedmanyawardsandhelpedmakepeopleawareoftherubbishcollectors’lives.Thecatadoresalsobegantoseethemselvesdifferently.“Sometimesweseeourselvesassosmall,”saysIrma,acookatGramacho,“butpeopleoutthereseeusassobig,sobeautiful.”7．WhydidthewritermentionValterDosSantos?A．Totellthestoryofacatador’slife. B．Todescribethecatadores’hardconditions.C．Toshowthevalueofacatador’swork. D．Togiveanexampleofsuccessfulcatadores.8．WhatcanwelearnaboutMuniz’sphotographs?A．Theywerealltakenatthelandfill. B．Hespentalongtimeoneachofthem.C．Theywereonlypartofhisunusualcreation. D．Hetooktheminthestyleoffamouspaintings.9．Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitablefor________?A．Whytakesuchphotosofthesecatadores? B．Whycreatesuchhugeimagesusingrubbish?C．Howtohelpthesepeopleinacreativeway? D．Howtoturneverydayobjectsintoartpieces?10．Whichofthefollowingshowstherightorderofthethingsthathappened?a.AmoviewasmadeaboutMuniz’sproject.b.Gramachostoppedreceivingrubbish.c.DosSantosstartedworkingatGramacho.d.Munizmadefriendswithsomecatadores.A．d-c-b-a. B．c-d-b-a. C．d-c-a-b. D．c-d-a-b.【答案】7．C8．C9．B10．D【导语】本文主要介绍了巴西艺术家VikMuniz通过使用垃圾填埋场的日常物品创作艺术，改变人们对垃圾和垃圾收集者生活的看法，并与垃圾收集者合作完成艺术项目的过程。7．细节理解题。根据第三段ValterDosSantos的话“Iamproudtobeapicker…Thatsinglecanwillmakethedifference”可知，作者提到他是为了展示垃圾收集者工作的价值。故选C。8．细节理解题。根据第四段“MunizphotographedalandfillworkerinthestyleofafamousFrenchpainting…Theyusedmaterialsfromthelandfilltocreatehugeimages”可知，这些照片只是他非常规创作的一部分。故选C。9．推理判断题。根据空缺后Muniz的话“changethelivesofpeoplewiththesamematerialstheydealwitheveryday”可知，此处应解释用垃圾创作巨型图像的原因。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据原文信息：c（DosSantos工作25年，早于2007年项目）→d（2007年Muniz与收集者成为朋友）→a（2010年电影上映）→b（2012年填埋场关闭）。故选D。Passage4（2025·江苏南通·中考真题）Sportsmighthavestartedasawaytosurvive.Longago,peopleran,jumped,andclimbedtostayalive.Hunterswereknownfortheirspecialskills.Wallpaintingsfromcenturiesago,showingactivitieslikewrestlingordancing,werefoundinanEgyptiantomb.TheancientGreeksmadeabigchangebyholdingthefirstOlympicGames.ModernsportsbeganinEnglandintheearly19thcenturyandthenspreadglobally.Thesebecamethemodelsforsportssuchasfootballthatweplaynow.Sportscomeinmanyshapesandsizes.Organizedsports,whetherswimmingoricehockey,areseriousformsofplay.Therearerulestoobey,skillsandpositionstolearn,andplanstocarryout.Teamsportslikesoccerrequireyoutoworkwithteammates,whileindividual(个人的)sportssuchastennisfocusonyourpersonalperformance.There’snodoubtthatsportsarevaluable.TheAmericanAcademyofPediatricssaysplayisimportantforkids’andteens’thinking,bodies,sociallivesandfeelings.Sportsexerciseourbodiesandteachusaboutourselvesandourworld.Organizedsportsgetususingourbodiesandminds,whichmakesusmoreimaginative,curious,andcreative.Theskillswelearncanhelpusinschoolandlateratwork.Inanidealworld,sportswouldalwaysbefun.Butinreality,sportscancausephysicalhurtlikebrokenbones,andalsoharminmind.Inteamsports,misunderstandingsandhurtfeelingsarepartofthelearningprocess.Sportsaresupposedtobringpeopletogether,buttheycanalsodrivepeopleapart.Butevenwhenthey’renotalwaysacheerfulexperience,theyshowushowtofacelife’schallenges.Youdon’thavetobeonaschoolteam.Butmany,likeschoolcoaches,havefoundwaystomakeplaytheirwork,whichmakesthemfeelwhole.There’snobetterplacetoplayandlearnabouttheworldthanonasportsfield.Nomatterwhatsportyouchoose,thekeyistoplayforfun.Whenyoudo,you’realreadyawinner.11．Inwhichpartofanewspapercanweprobablyreadthispassage?A．Travel. B．Nature. C．Technology. D．Entertainment.12．Whyisplayimportantforteenagersaccordingtothepassage?A．Itreducestheirphysicalhurteasily. B．Itimprovestheirmindandbodyhealth.C．Ithelpsthemhavemoretimeforsleep. D．Itteachesthemhowtowincompetitions.13．Whichofthefollowingisthewriter’sopinion?A．Peopleshouldtrytobecomeafamousathlete.B．Peoplecanplaymainlyforfunandenjoyment.C．Tryingteamsportsisbetterthanindividualones.D．Avoidingsportsthatcausehurtisthebestchoice.14．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheStylesofSports B．TheHistoryofSportsC．TheCharmofSports D．TheChallengesofSports【答案】11．D12．B13．B14．C【导语】本文主要介绍了体育运动的起源、发展、类型、价值以及其带来的利弊，强调无论选择何种运动，关键是享受乐趣。11．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了体育运动的起源、发展、类型、价值以及其带来的利弊，属于娱乐休闲范畴，故最有可能出现在报纸的娱乐版块。故选D。12．细节理解题。根据“TheAmericanAcademyofPediatricssaysplayisimportantforkids’andteens’thinking,bodies,sociallivesandfeelings.Sportsexerciseourbodiesandteachusaboutourselvesandourworld”可知，玩耍对青少年的思维、身体、社交生活和情感都很重要，体育运动能锻炼我们的身体，让我们了解自己和世界，即玩耍能改善青少年的身心健康。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据“Nomatterwhatsportyouchoose,thekeyistoplayforfun.Whenyoudo,you’realreadyawinner.”可知，无论选择什么运动，关键是享受乐趣，当你这样做的时候，你已经是赢家了，由此可推测出作者认为人们可以主要是为了乐趣和享受而运动。故选B。14．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了体育运动的起源、发展、类型、价值以及其带来的利弊，强调无论选择何种运动，关键是享受乐趣，以选项C“运动的魅力”为标题最合适。故选C。Passage5（2025·江苏南通·中考真题）①Doyousometimesfeeltooafraidtotrynewthings?Ifyouwanttogrowandgetbetter,youneedtotakerisksandchallengeyourself.Butyourbrainoftentellsyoutostaysafe.Itmightsay,“Don’tbothertryingsomethingnew.”Evenwhenthesethoughtsaren’treasonable,ouranxiety(担心)canstillwin.Insteadofthinkingaboutthegoodthingsthatcouldhappen,weworrymoreabout“Whatifsomethinggoeswrong?”②Avoidingallrisksmightseemsmart,butitcanmakeyoufeelunhappy.Theproblemisthatweoftenmakedecisionsbasedonfeelings,notfacts.Wethink,“ThemorescaredIfeel,theriskieritis.”Butfeelingsaren’talwaysreasonable.Ifweknewhowtothinkaboutrisksclearly,we’dknowwhichrisksareworthtaking.Forexample,tryinganewhobbylikepaintingmightfeelscaryatfirst,butitcouldbringyoujoyandnewskills.③Whetheryou’reafraidtochangeyourjobortoonervoustoaskafriendforcoffee,learningtotake“goodrisks”canimproveyourlife.Herearegoodwaystohelp.④Balancefeelingswithfacts.Manytimes,wethinkfearmeanssomethingrisky.Butthat’snottrue.Forexample,drivingacarfeelssafebecausewedoiteveryday,butgivingaspeechinpublicmightmakeyourheartbeatfast.Yetthefactshowsthatcaraccidentsaremuchmorecommonthangettinghurtwhilespeaking!Sobeforeyouavoiddoingsomethingscary,takethreedeepbreathsandaskyourself,“What’stherealriskhere?”⑤Takestepstosucceed.Youcandomanysmallthingstolowerrisks.Ifyou’renervousaboutatest,makeastudyplanandrevieweachday—thishelpsyoufeelmoreprepared.It’sokaytofeelbutterfliesinyourstomachwhenyoutrysomethingnew.Facingfearhelpsbuildyourmentalmuscle,justlikeexercisingbuildsphysicalmuscle.So,takingsmartriskshelpsyoubecomementallystronger.Eachtimeyoutrysomethingscary,youwilllearntodealwithuncertaintyandanxiety.You’llalsogetnewskillsandgrowfrommistakes.Ifyoutryoutforadanceteamanddon’tmakeit,youcanaskforthereasonandthenpractisemore.Withpractice,you’llgetbetteratfacingrisks,andyourchancesofsuccesswillrise.15．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Avoidingrisksisasmartwaytostayhappy.B．Takingrisksrequiresustotrustourfeelings.C．Ourbrainoftentellsustofacechallengesbravely.D．Ourfeelingsofteninfluenceustomakedecisions.16．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“buildyourmentalmuscle”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Developstrengthinyourmind. B．Exerciseyourbodytostayhealthy.C．Thinkmainlyaboutcheerfulthings. D．Avoidsituationsthatmakeyouafraid.17．Whatisthestructureofthispassage?(①=Paragraph1,②=Paragraph2...)A． B． C． D．18．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Takingsmartriskscanpushusforward.B．Tryingmanysmallthingscanreducerisks.C．Learningclearlyaboutrealriskscanhelpalot.D．Practisingmorecanhelpdealwithrisksbetter.【答案】15．D16．A17．C18．A【导语】本文主要探讨了如何通过理性评估风险、克服恐惧心理，并采取“明智的风险”来促进个人成长和生活改善。15．推理判断题。根据“Theproblemisthatweoftenmakedecisionsbasedonfeelings,notfacts.”可知，我们的决策常常受情感影响。故选D。16．词句猜测题。根据“Facingfearhelpsbuildyourmentalmuscle,justlikeexercisingbuildsphysicalmuscle.So,takingsmartriskshelpsyoubecomementallystronger.”可知，面对恐惧有助于锻炼你的“精神肌肉”，就像锻炼身体肌肉一样，因此明智地冒险可以帮助你在精神上变得更强大。此处的划线部分指“增强心理力量”。故选A。17．篇章结构题。①段提出问题（恐惧阻碍尝试新事物）；②段分析问题（情感驱动的风险规避）；③段过渡（提出“goodrisks”概念）；④⑤段分别给出具体方法（平衡情感与事实/分步骤行动）。结构为：①/②/③/④⑤，故选C。18．主旨大意题。根据“learningtotake‘goodrisks’canimproveyourlife”以及通读全文可知，本文主要探讨了如何通过理性评估风险、克服恐惧心理，并采取“明智的风险”来促进个人成长和生活改善。文章围绕“明智冒险”展开，故选A。Passage6（2025·江苏常州·中考真题）Forthosewhoseheartsoftengooffbeat,pacemakers(心脏起搏器)arelifesavers.Byprovidingasmallelectricalsupportattherightmoment,theycankeepaheartworkingproperly.Theirmainproblemisthattheyusebatteries.Eventhebestofthemwillrunoutofenergy,andchangingthebatteriesrequiresoperations.Sinceoperationsareusuallybestavoided,thesearchhasbeenonforlong-lastingbatteries.Differentchoiceshavebeenexploredforalongtime.Today,pacemakerswithlithium(锂)batterieslastbetween5and15years.ZhangHao,fromShanghaiSecondMilitaryMedicalUniversity,andYangBin,fromShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,triedawaytorefillapacemaker’sbatterywithelectricity(电)bygettingenergyfrominsidethebody.TheyreportinthemagazineACSNanothattheyhavealsousedtheheartmuscle(肌肉)itselftowork.Earliereffortsbyotherscientiststouseheartmusclepowertorunpacemakersdependonpiezoelectricmaterials(压电材料).Thesematerialscanbeconnectedtoabeatingheartandproduceelectricitywhentheyareslightlydeformed(弯曲).Thishasworked,butnotwellenough:theoutputhasrarelybeenover5microwatts(微瓦),whilemostpacemakersrequireatleastten.DrZhangandDrYangbelievedthattheycouldimprovemattersbymakingtheirpiezoelectricmaterialsmoredramaticallydeformed,andthenproduce15microwatts,becausethemoredeformed,themoreelectricitywillbeproduced.Theyputtheirideatothetestina50kgpig.Itmadeenoughelectricityforthepacemakertoworkasexpected.Whethersuchanideawillpasshumantestsremainstobeseen.Butifitdoes,thedaysofpacemakersthatneedbatterychangesthroughoperationsmaynotlastlong.19．Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,whatisaproblemwithpacemakers?A．Theyoftengooffbeat.B．Theirenergycanbeusedup.C．Operationsofteninfluencethem.D．Theysometimesdoharmtohearts.20．Fromthispassage,whatdoweknowaboutpiezoelectricmaterials?A．Theycanbeusedtoproduceelectricity.B．Theycandeformthehearttomakeitbeatfaster.C．TheywerefirstusedbyZhangHaoandYangBin.D．Theywereprovedtoproduce15microwattsinhumantests.21．Whatdoestheword“dramatically”inthe4thparagraphmostprobablymean?A．Comfortably. B．Safely. C．Greatly. D．Rapidly.22．Whatisthebesttitleforthisarticle?A．NoNeedtoUsePacemakersB．TheProblemwithPiezoelectricMaterialsC．TheContributionofChineseScientiststoHeartOperationsD．ChineseScientistsFoundaNewWaytoImprovePacemakers【答案】19．B20．A21．C22．D【导语】本文主要介绍中国科学家发现了一种改进心脏起搏器的新方法。19．细节理解题。根据“Theirmainproblemisthattheyusebatteries.Eventhebestofthemwillrunoutofenergy,andchangingthebatteriesrequiresoperations.”可知，心脏起搏器的问题是电池会耗尽电量，故选B。20．细节理解题。根据“Thesematerialscanbeconnectedtoabeatingheartandproduceelectricitywhentheyareslightlydeformed(弯曲).”可知，这些材料在轻微弯曲时，能够与跳动的心脏相连并产生电能，所以压电材料可以被用来发电。故选A。21．词句猜测题。根据“becausethemoredeformed,themoreelectricitywillbeproduced”可知，因为变形程度越大，产生的电量就越多；可推测出“dramatically”意为“显著地”，与“greatly”意思相近。故选C。22．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍中国科学家发现了一种改进心脏起搏器的新方法，D选项为最佳标题。故选D。Passage7（2025·江苏常州·中考真题）Citizenscienceiswhenpublicvolunteerstakepartinscientificprojectsbycollectinginformationormonitoring(监测)possibleproblemsandthenreporttheirfindingsbacktoresearchgroups.Thismethodismeaningfulbecauseitallowsscientiststogetlotsofinformationandbetterunderstandanimals,natureandmore.Asateenagerstudent,youcanjoinindifferentkindsofsuchprojects.Belowaresomegreatideasyoucanconsider.Watchfrogs(青蛙)JoinFrogWatchtohelpmonitorwetlandfrogpopulations.Youreffortswillhelpscientistscheckpopulationsanddetectanyrareoralienkindsearly.Learnmoreat.WatchstarsTheonlineGalaxyZooprojectletsyoulookatspacephotosandputthemintodifferentgroupsbyshapesothatscientistscanlearnmoreaboutwhatisinouterspace—andyoudon’tevenneedatelescope(望远镜)!Visittofindoutmore.CountbirdsJointheSummerBirdCountfromJuly20toAugust10.Manycitizenscientistswillgettogetherandcountallthebirdstheyseetohelpscientistslearnmoreabouthowbirdstravel.Visittogetmoreinformation.Takewatersamples(样本)VisittoorderalessonthatwillteachyouhowtotestwaterforpH,temperatureandfreshness.Enteryourresultsontheirwebsitetohelpscientistsbetterunderstandthestateoftheworld’swater.23．Whydoyoujoinacitizenscienceproject?A．Tomakemoney. B．Tobecomeascientist.C．Tohelpwithscienceresearch. D．Totrainothersonscientificknowledge.24．Whatshouldyoupayattentiontowhenyouwatchstars?A．Size. B．Shape. C．Number. D．Quality.25．Ifyouareinterestedinchemistry,youcanvisit________.A． B．C． D．【答案】23．C24．B25．D【导语】本文就参加公民科学给出一些建议。23．细节理解题。根据“Thismethodismeaningfulbecauseitallowsscientiststogetlotsofinformationandbetterunderstandanimals,natureandmore.”可知，这种方法具有重要意义，因为它能让科学家们获取大量信息，并更好地了解动物、自然等事物。故选C。24．细节理解题。根据“TheonlineGalaxyZooprojectletsyoulookatspacephotosandputthemintodifferentgroupsbyshape”可知，根据形状将它们分类到不同的组别中，所以志愿者需要注意星星的形状。故选B。25．推理判断题。根据“VisittoorderalessonthatwillteachyouhowtotestwaterforpH,temperatureandfreshness.”可知，如果对化学感兴趣，可以访问网站。故选D。Passage8（2025·江苏徐州·中考真题）OnaMondaymorninginAmsterdam,theworkdaybeganasusualforJim.Whenfinishinghiscoffee,Jimcheckedtextmessagesonhisphone.Then,hegothisbagandwenttothenearestrailwaystation.Hewasn’ttheretotakethetrain,though.Instead,Jimchoseoneofthepublicbicycleslinedupoutsidethestation.Afterunlockingabikewithasmartcard,hesetoutforhisjobontheothersideofthecity.Hejoinedothercyclistsinthebikelanes(道),safelyseparatedfromcartraffic.Amsterdamwasn’talwaysbicyclefriendly.Infact,cyclingusedtobedangerous,especiallyduringthesecondhalfofthetwentiethcentury.ThiswasatimeofrapidgrowthinAmsterdam.Aspeoplegotricher,theywereabletoaffordexpensivegoodssuchascars.Forthefirsttime,drivingbecamepopular.Highwayswerebuiltforcars.Thismeanttherewaslessspaceforcyclists.Havinghadalongtraditionofcycling,thiswasabigchangeforthecity.Ascartrafficincreased,sodidthenumberofbikingaccidents.Manyofthecyclistswerechildren.PeopleinAmsterdamwereangry.Theyorganizedprotests(抗议)inthecitystreets.Governmentofficerslistened.Hopingtosolvetheproblemquickly,theystartedtothinkofwaystomakethecitysafeforcyclistsagain.Soontherewereseparatebikelanes,andsomeareaswereclosedtocarsforever.Thechangesweresoeffective(有效的)thattodayAmsterdamisamodelofbikingsafetyforothercitiesaroundtheworld.26．Howdoesthewriterstartthepassage?A．Bycomparingtwoplaces. B．Bydescribingascene.C．Byansweringaquestion. D．Bylistinganumber.27．WhydidJimgotothenearestrailwaystationonworkdaymorning?A．Toworkthere. B．Totakethetrain. C．Toseeafriend. D．Torideabike.28．WhatdoesthepassagetellaboutAmsterdam?A．Ithasnohighwaysforcars. B．Itisalwaysbicyclefriendly.C．Itseldomseeschanges. D．Itisfamousforbikingsafety.29．Whattypeofbookisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A．Sciencefiction. B．Romanticnovel. C．Cityculture. D．Detectivestory.【答案】26．B27．D28．D29．C【导语】本文主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹这座城市中自行车文化的发展变化。26．细节理解题。根据“OnaMondaymorninginAmsterdam,theworkdaybeganasusualforJim.Whenfinishinghiscoffee,Jimcheckedtextmessagesonhisphone.Then,hegothisbagandwenttothenearestrailwaystation.”可知，作者是通过描述一个场景来开始这篇文章的。故选B。27．细节理解题。根据“Hewasn’ttheretotakethetrain,though.Instead,Jimchoseoneofthepublicbicycleslinedupoutsidethestation.Afterunlockingabikewithasmartcard,hesetoutforhisjobontheothersideofthecity.”可知，吉姆去最近的火车站不是为了坐火车，而是为了骑公共自行车去城市另一边工作。故选D。28．细节理解题。根据“Thechangesweresoeffective(有效的)thattodayAmsterdamisamodelofbikingsafetyforothercitiesaroundtheworld.”可知，阿姆斯特丹如今是世界其他城市自行车安全方面的典范，即它以自行车安全而闻名。故选D。29．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了城市中自行车文化的发展变化，因此这篇文章可能摘自“城市文化”这类的书，故选C。Passage9（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Wheredoesthewaterinourhomescomefrom?Howdopeoplechangeseawaterintofreshwater?Howdoeswatercomeintoourhomes?Thispassagewillanswerthesequestions.Inmostplaces,peoplegettheirwaterfromlakesandrivers.Thewaterisusuallyseenallyearround.Insomeplaces,peoplegettheirwaterfromundertheground.Theyusewellstogetthewater.Insomeotherplaces,windmills(风车)areusedtogetwaterfromundertheground.Insomecountryareasawayfromthecitywatersupply,peoplecollectrainwaterthatfallsontheirroofs(房顶).Pipesfromtheroofsleadthewaterintotanks(罐子).Thewaterfromrainwatertanksisusuallycleanenoughtodrink.Insomecountriesthatareinneedofwater,freshwaterismadefromseawaterinspecialtreatmentfactories.Thisiscalleddesalination(脱盐).Inmosttreatmentfactories,saltwaterisheateduntilitturnsintosteam(蒸汽)andthesaltisleftbehind.Whenthesteamiscooled,itbecomesfreshwater.Onlyalittlesaltisleftinthefreshwater.Thismakesthewatertastebetterandalsostopsthepurewatertakingsaltsandminerals(矿物质)outofourbodies.Haveyouseentanksortowersonthetopsofbuildings?Thesetanksortowersareusedforstoringcleanwater.Beforethewaterisputintothesetanksortowers,itgoestoawatertreatmentfactory.Somewaterfromriversorlakesisnotclean.Ifwedrinkitdirectly,wemaybeill.Inthewatertreatmentfactory,workersmakethewatercleanandsafeforpeopletodrink.Thenpipesbringthewatertoourhomes.Waterisveryimportantforalllivingthings,butsometimesthereisnotenoughwater.Weshouldusewaterwisely.30．Howdoesthewriterbeginthepassage?A．Bycomparingideas. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byaskingquestions. D．Byexplainingreasons.31．Wheredopeopleinmostplacesgetwaterfrom?A．Lakesandrivers. B．Lakesandundergroundwater.C．Riversandrainwater. D．Rainwaterandundergroundwater.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph3referto(指代)?A．Rainwater. B．Saltwater. C．Freshwater. D．Purewater.33．Whataretanksortowersusedforaccordingtothepassage?A．Storingsalt. B．Storingpipes. C．Storingminerals. D．Storingcleanwater.【答案】30．C31．A32．B33．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了家庭用水的来源、海水淡化的方法、水进入家庭的过程以及水的重要性。30．细节理解题。根据“Wheredoesthewaterinourhomescomefrom?Howdopeoplechangeseawaterintofreshwater?Howdoeswatercomeintoourhomes?Thispassagewillanswerthesequestions.”可知，作者通过提问的方式开始这篇文章，故选C。31．细节理解题。根据“