2025年公共管理翻译题库及答案

2025年公共管理翻译题库及答案

一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10题）1.Theprimarygoalofpublicadministrationisto:A.MaximizeeconomicefficiencyB.EnhancepoliticalpowerC.ImprovepublicservicedeliveryD.IncreasegovernmentrevenueAnswer:C2.Whichofthefollowingisakeycharacteristicofabureaucraticorganization?A.DecentralizationB.FlexibilityC.HierarchicalstructureD.InformalcommunicationAnswer:C3.Theconceptof"stakeholdertheory"inpublicmanagementemphasizes:A.ShareholdervalueB.CustomersatisfactionC.InterestofallstakeholdersD.EmployeewelfareAnswer:C4.Publicbudgetingisbestdescribedas:A.TheprocessofraisingrevenueB.TheprocessofallocatingresourcesC.TheprocessofpolicymakingD.TheprocessofpoliticalnegotiationAnswer:B5.Theterm"governance"inpublicmanagementrefersto:A.GovernmentregulationB.PoliticalleadershipC.ManagementofpublicresourcesD.Theprocessofdecision-makingandimplementationAnswer:D6.A"publicgood"ischaracterizedby:A.ExcludabilityandrivalryB.Non-excludabilityandnon-rivalryC.Excludabilityandnon-rivalryD.Non-excludabilityandrivalryAnswer:B7.The"principal-agentproblem"inpublicmanagementarisesdueto:A.LackofinformationB.ConflictinginterestsC.IncentivemisalignmentD.AlloftheaboveAnswer:D8.Theconceptof"newpublicmanagement"emphasizes:A.BureaucraticcontrolB.Market-orientedreformsC.Centralizeddecision-makingD.TraditionalpublicserviceAnswer:B9.The"publicvalue"approachinpublicmanagementfocuseson:A.EconomicefficiencyB.PoliticaloutcomesC.SocialoutcomesD.AdministrativeconvenienceAnswer:C10.Theroleof"civilsociety"inpublicmanagementisto:A.MonitorgovernmentactionsB.ProvideservicesC.LobbyforpolicychangesD.AlloftheaboveAnswer:D二、多项选择题（每题2分，共10题）1.Keyfunctionsofpublicadministrationinclude:A.PolicyformulationB.ResourceallocationC.ServicedeliveryD.PoliticaladvocacyE.RegulatoryoversightAnswer:A,B,C,E2.Characteristicsofbureaucraticorganizationsinclude:A.FormalrulesB.HierarchicalstructureC.Merit-basedselectionD.InformalcommunicationE.DecentralizationAnswer:A,B,C3.Stakeholdertheoryinpublicmanagementinvolves:A.GovernmentagenciesB.PrivatesectorC.NGOsD.CommunitygroupsE.ShareholdersAnswer:A,B,C,D4.Publicbudgetingprocessestypicallyinvolve:A.RevenuecollectionB.ExpenditureallocationC.PolicyformulationD.PerformanceevaluationE.PoliticalnegotiationAnswer:A,B,D,E5.Keyconceptsinpublicgovernanceinclude:A.AccountabilityB.TransparencyC.ParticipationD.EfficiencyE.EquityAnswer:A,B,C,D,E6.Characteristicsofpublicgoodsinclude:A.Non-excludabilityB.RivalryC.ExcludabilityD.Non-rivalryE.ProfitabilityAnswer:A,D7.Theprincipal-agentprobleminpublicmanagementcanbemitigatedby:A.ClearcontractsB.PerformanceincentivesC.MonitoringmechanismsD.TransparencyE.CentralizedcontrolAnswer:A,B,C,D8.Keyfeaturesofnewpublicmanagementinclude:A.Market-orientedreformsB.Performance-basedbudgetingC.DecentralizationD.BureaucraticcontrolE.Public-privatepartnershipsAnswer:A,B,C,E9.Thepublicvalueapproachinpublicmanagementemphasizes:A.SocialoutcomesB.PoliticallegitimacyC.EconomicefficiencyD.AdministrativeconvenienceE.StakeholderengagementAnswer:A,B,E10.Rolesofcivilsocietyinpublicmanagementinclude:A.MonitoringgovernmentactionsB.ProvidingservicesC.AdvocatingforpolicychangesD.EducatingthepublicE.LobbyingAnswer:A,B,C,D,E三、判断题（每题2分，共10题）1.Publicadministrationisprimarilyconcernedwiththeimplementationofgovernmentpolicies.Answer:True2.Bureaucraticorganizationsarecharacterizedbyinformalcommunicationandflexibility.Answer:False3.Stakeholdertheoryinpublicmanagementemphasizestheinterestsofshareholdersaboveallotherstakeholders.Answer:False4.Publicbudgetingissolelytheresponsibilityofthefinanceministry.Answer:False5.Governanceinpublicmanagementreferstotheprocessofpoliticalnegotiationanddecision-making.Answer:True6.Publicgoodsarealwaysexcludableandrival.Answer:False7.Theprincipal-agentprobleminpublicmanagementarisesduetolackofinformationandconflictinginterests.Answer:True8.Newpublicmanagementemphasizesbureaucraticcontrolandtraditionalpublicservice.Answer:False9.Thepublicvalueapproachinpublicmanagementfocusesoneconomicefficiencyandadministrativeconvenience.Answer:False10.Civilsocietyhasnoroleinpublicmanagement.Answer:False四、简答题（每题5分，共4题）1.Whatarethekeydifferencesbetweentraditionalpublicadministrationandnewpublicmanagement?Traditionalpublicadministrationemphasizesbureaucraticcontrol,hierarchicalstructures,andformalrules,whilenewpublicmanagementfocusesonmarket-orientedreforms,performance-basedbudgeting,anddecentralization.Traditionalpublicadministrationismorecentralizedandrule-bound,whereasnewpublicmanagementencouragescompetition,efficiency,andstakeholderengagement.2.Explaintheconceptof"publicvalue"inpublicmanagement.Publicvalueinpublicmanagementreferstotheoutcomesandbenefitsthatpublicservicesandpoliciesprovidetosociety.Itemphasizestheimportanceofsocialoutcomes,politicallegitimacy,andstakeholderengagement.Publicvalueapproachfocusesoncreatinganddeliveringvaluetocitizens,ratherthanjusteconomicefficiencyoradministrativeconvenience.3.Discusstheroleofcivilsocietyinpublicmanagement.Civilsocietyplaysacrucialroleinpublicmanagementbymonitoringgovernmentactions,providingservices,advocatingforpolicychanges,andeducatingthepublic.Itactsasacheckongovernmentpower,promotestransparencyandaccountability,andensuresthatpublicpoliciesreflecttheneedsandinterestsofcitizens.Civilsocietyalsofosterspublicparticipationandengagementingovernanceprocesses.4.Whatarethemainchallengesofpublicbudgetinginmoderngovernments?Publicbudgetinginmoderngovernmentsfacesseveralchallenges,includingpoliticalpressures,complexeconomicconditions,risingpublicdemands,andlimitedresources.Balancingcompetinginterests,ensuringfiscalsustainability,andaligningbudgetallocationswithpolicyprioritiesaremajorchallenges.Additionally,theneedforperformance-basedbudgeting,transparency,andaccountabilityfurthercomplicatesthebudgetingprocess.五、讨论题（每题5分，共4题）1.Discusstheimplicationsoftheprincipal-agentprobleminpublicmanagement.Theprincipal-agentprobleminpublicmanagementariseswhenthereisaconflictofinterestbetweentheprincipal(e.g.,government)andtheagent(e.g.,publicofficials).Thiscanleadtoinefficiency,corruption,andalackofaccountability.Tomitigatethisproblem,mechanismssuchasclearcontracts,performanceincentives,monitoringmechanisms,andtransparencyareessential.Addressingtheprincipal-agentproblemiscrucialforensuringeffectiveandethicalpublicservicedelivery.2.Howdoesnewpublicmanagementimpactthetraditionalroleofgovernment?Newpublicmanagementhassignificantlyimpactedthetraditionalroleofgovernmentbyshiftingitsfocusfrombureaucraticcontroltomarket-orientedreforms.Itencouragescompetition,efficiency,andstakeholderengagement,leadingtoamoredecentralizedandflexiblegovernment.Whilenewpublicmanagementhasbroughtaboutpositivechanges,italsoraisesconcernsaboutaccountability,equity,andthepotentialforincreasedprivatizationandmarketfailures.3.Explaintheconceptof"governance"inpublicmanagementanditsimportance.Governanceinpublicmanagementreferstotheprocessofdecision-makingandimplementationatalllevelsofsociety,includinggovernment,privatesector,andcivilsocie