高中英语概要写作Summary-writing课件-高考英语一轮复习专项

Summary

writingWhat

isagoodsummary?Howtowriteagoodsummary?概要写作Asummaryisabriefrestatementoftheessentialthoughtofalongercomposition.Asummaryisashortstatementthatgivesonlythemainpoints

ofsth,notthedetails.

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》What

isasummary?概要是一种对原始文献或文章的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文。不是简单的换句话说，更不是评论，而是作者思想中最本质部分的准确的再现。(丁往道,英语写作手册)基于短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；（3）上下文的连续性；（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。correctnesscoherenceAshortenedpassage(60words)RetainthekeypointsoftheoriginalArestatementinyourownwordsAreadablecontinuouswhole概要写作Summarywriting概要写作各档评分标准对比★★概要写作读写概要写作读写结合读A文体结构主旨大意关键词关键句写B概要框架改述要点衔接成文CriteriaforagoodsummaryAsummaryisabriefrestatementoftheessentialthoughtofalongercomposition.Coverallthekeypoints.Usebrief,concise,originalandcorrectacademiclanguage.Showclearlogicofthearticlebyusingproperlinkingwords.Withinlimitednumberofwords.学生概要写作中存在的主要问题卷面上：颜值不高---表现在:有涂改、书写潦草、字母不够饱满、标点符号与大小写不够规范等。内容上：没有读懂文本主旨，写不好第一句；要点遗漏或主观添加；表达的是次要点或非主要信息，偏离文章中心思想，概括不到位。语言上：不够简洁；单词拼写和语法错误多；或照抄原句；字数不符合要求等。结构上：缺少连接词或不够连贯，句与句之间不符合逻辑结构。

Step1.确定文章的体裁（说明文、议论文、记叙文）与题材。Step2.根据体裁特点，理清段落之间的关系，圈连接词，划关键词（句），辨别关键信息与次要信息。Step3.根据连接词与过渡词（句），有时可用思维导图（MindMap)确定段落之间的逻辑关系。Step4.围绕体裁与题材特点，概括每段的主要大意。注意：用平时积累的词块或句型去替换原先的表达。Step5.撰写初稿，注意书写、句与句之间的逻辑关系，排除次要信息、用自己的语言概括，尤其是不要遗漏重要信息点。Step6.（平时）修改初稿，进行二次写作。Howtowriteagoodsummary概要写作读写结合概要写作----读概要写作的读，应以短文体裁为切入点，利用各类体裁的文本结构特征，快速获取短文大意，确定要点信息。体裁

读取信息议论文说明文记叙文主题句+支撑句+结论句（论点+论据+结论）现象＋原因＋结果问题十原因+对策事物发展（时间/空间)六要素+（感悟，启示）体裁决定框架5w&1h(who+what+when+where+why+how)+moralopinion+supportingdetails(evidences)*aphenomenon/problem+causes+effect/solution*anobject+characteristics/function+significance*development(time/space)+conclusionDiscussion103说明文的概要写作01关键句（信息）的确定*aphenomenon/problem+causes+effect/solution*anobject+characteristics/function+significance体裁话题

要点

说明文的概要写作011.搭建框架：说明文procrastination（拖延症）Problem:weallprocrastinateEffects:

financiallossandpaininmindSolution:dailyvisualization*aphenomenon/problem+causes+effect/solution*anobject+characteristics/function+significance*development(time/space)Cause:avoidpain记叙文的概要写作02

On30April2016,KenyanPresidentUhuruKenyattasetalightthelargesteverpileofivoryfordestructionintheNairobiNationalPark.Thepileconsistedof105tonsofelephantivoryfromabout8,000elephants.Thetotalblackmarketvalueoftheivoryinthepilewasestimated(估价)tobemorethan$172million.Thedestructionofivoryisatechniqueusedbygovernmentsandconservationgroupstopreventtheillegalivorytrade.Itwasanextremelysuccessfulpublicityperformance,attractinginternationalattentionwhilethefireburnedforthreedays.Ivorydoesnoteasilyburn,butthechoicetousefireratherthanothermeanstodestroyitwasintentionalastheywantedtheeventtoproducepowerfulimagesfortheglobalmedia.Tomakethedestructionspectacular(壮观的),theyworkedwithaHollywoodspecialeffectsprofessionaltodevelopanewtechnique.Theconservationists,governments,andnon-governmentalorganizationsthatsubscribetothestrategy(策略)arguethatitgainspublicsupportfortheprotectionofelephantsandthatitsendsamessagetopoachers(偷猎者)thattheyareinadying,dangerous,anduselessmarket.Italsoprovedinfluentialamongconservationists,inspiringotherstodealwiththeirstockpilesinasimilarmannerandleading,inpart,totheinternationalbanontheivorytradepassedatTheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpecies(CITES).Thebanprovedeffectiveforaboutadecadeandelephantpopulationswereontherise,butstartingin1997,itbegangivingexceptionstothebantoallowcountriessuchasZimbabwe,Botswana,andNamibiatosellalimitedamountofivory.Fromthenon,theAfricanelephantpopulationhasdecreasedinsizerapidlyandelephantpoachinghasbeenwidespread.Accordingtoa2014reportbytheWildlifeConservationSociety,about96Africanelephantsarekilledfortheirtuskseveryday.However,criticssaythatthetechniquemayincreasepoachingbyincreasingivory'svalueontheblackmarket,andthatevidenceforthetechnique'seffectivenessisinsufficienttojustifytheopportunitycostforcountriesstrugglingwithpoverty.5w&1h(who+what+when+where+why+how)+moralKenyangovernmenton30April2016NairobiNationalParkthelargestpileofivorywasburntburnedtopreventtheillegalivorytradeinternationalattentionpublicsupport+increasingivory’svalue记叙文的概要写作021.搭建框架：who：when：where：what：how：why：effect：comments:5w&1h(who+what+when+where+why+how)+moral记叙文体裁：议论文的概要写作03opinion+supportingdetails(evidences)+conclusion1.Humankindhastriedtoimproveitsstandardoflivingsincetheverybeginningofcivilization.Backthen,aswellastoday,providingfoodandsecuritywasthebasictaskforaperson.However,nowadaystherangeofrequiredgoodshasexpandedsignificantly.Peoplefeeltheneedfornotonlysomeprimarythings,suchasapieceofbreadandaroofovertheirheads,butalsoforvariousfacilitiesandluxuries.Providinghumanitywiththesethingsisconnectedtotheuseofnaturalresources,whichrequiresenergy.Inturn,thecommonsourcesofenergyweusetodaycausepollution,soeconomicgrowthisalmostinevitablyassociatedwithenvironmentaldamage.2.Therearecertainaspectsofeconomicgrowthwhichaffecttheenvironment.Oneoftheseisthefactthatinordertoproducemoregoodsandproducts,atafasterrate,theconstructionoflargeindustrialplantsisrequired.Theseplantsproducealotofwaste,leadingtothepollutionofwaterandtheatmosphere,whichmaycausenegativelong-termhealtheffectstonearbypopulationsofanimals,orpeople.Theyalsoleadtoglobalwarming.3.Industrialmanufacturingleadstotheconstantlyincreasingenergyconsumption.Thetraditionalenergysources,whicharecommonlyusednowadays,areconsideredtobethegreatestpolluterstotheenvironment.Therealsoexistso-calledeco-friendlysourcesofenergy.Theyaresometimespreferredbutreplacingthetraditionalsourceswiththemalsorequirestime,duringwhichpeoplehavetomakesomesacrificestosupporttheseundertakings.What’smore,toproduceeconomicallypracticalenergy,peopleunavoidablyhavetotransformthenaturalsite.Thisisexpensiveand,hasharmfuleffectsontheenvironment.Forexample,applicationofwindenergywouldblockairflows’naturalspeed,whichisthereasonfortheirdecreaseinstrength,aftercrossingthewindmill.Consequently,thepressurebalancethatisbroughtaboutbythiscurrentwillbeaffected,anditisimportanttorememberthattheenvironmentandweatherconditionsaredirectlyaffectedbyatmosphericpressure.4.Forthesereasons,bringingabouteconomicgrowthwithoutresultinginanyenvironmentaldamageisimpossible.议论文的概要写作03opinion+supportingdetails(evidences)+conclusion1.Humankindhastriedtoimproveitsstandardoflivingsincetheverybeginningofcivilization.Backthen,aswellastoday,providingfoodandsecuritywasthebasictaskforaperson.However,nowadaystherangeofrequiredgoodshasexpandedsignificantly.Peoplefeeltheneedfornotonlysomeprimarythings,suchasapieceofbreadandaroofovertheirheads,butalsoforvariousfacilitiesandluxuries.Providinghumanitywiththesethingsisconnectedtotheuseofnaturalresources,whichrequiresenergy.Inturn,thecommonsourcesofenergyweusetodaycausepollution,soeconomicgrowthisalmostinevitablyassociatedwithenvironmentaldamage.2.Therearecertainaspectsofeconomicgrowthwhichaffecttheenvironment.Oneoftheseisthefactthatinordertoproducemoregoodsandproducts,atafasterrate,theconstructionoflargeindustrialplantsisrequired.Theseplantsproducealotofwaste,leadingtothepollutionofwaterandtheatmosphere,whichmaycausenegativelong-termhealtheffectstonearbypopulationsofanimals,orpeople.Theyalsoleadtoglobalwarming.3.Industrialmanufacturingleadstotheconstantlyincreasingenergyconsumption.Thetraditionalenergysources,whicharecommonlyusednowadays,areconsideredtobethegreatestpolluterstotheenvironment.Therealsoexistso-calledeco-friendlysourcesofenergy.Theyaresometimespreferredbutreplacingthetraditionalsourceswiththemalsorequirestime,duringwhichpeoplehavetomakesomesacrificestosupporttheseundertakings.What’smore,toproduceeconomicallypracticalenergy,peopleunavoidablyhavetotransformthenaturalsite.Thisisexpensiveand,hasharmfuleffectsontheenvironment.Forexample,applicationofwindenergywouldblockairflows’naturalspeed,whichisthereasonfortheirdecreaseinstrength,aftercrossingthewindmill.Consequently,thepressurebalancethatisbroughtaboutbythiscurrentwillbeaffected,anditisimportanttorememberthattheenvironmentandweatherconditionsaredirectlyaffectedbyatmosphericpressure.4.Forthesereasons,bringingabouteconomicgrowthwithoutresultinginanyenvironmentaldamageisimpossible.Introduction

tothetopicReasonsConclusion1.搭建框架：体裁观点段落大意议论文的概要写作03议论文opinion+supportingdetails(evidences)+conclusionHumans’desireformaterialcomfortshasledtoenvironmentaldamage.3.Bothtypesofenergyconsumptioncauseseriouspollution.4.Economicgrowthisboundtoresultinenvironmentaldamage.2.Theconstructionoflargeindustrialplantsaffectsthe

environmentTopicsentencesVacationsaregoodforus.(Para.1)ManyofusreturnhomewithafeelingthatourlastvacationwasOK--butnotgreat.Inordertochangethis,somemistakesshouldbeavoided.(Para.2)Vacationhappinessisbasedonthefollowingtoprules.(Para.3)Tip1:Leaveouttherepeatedinformation.(thewordsexpressingthesameorsimilarmeaning)TipssupportingfactstwomistakesAtypicalone

forvacationplannersisattemptingtomaximizevalueformoneybyplanningtripsthathavetoomanythings.Anothermistake

isthatweworrytoomuchaboutstrategicissuessuchashowtofindagoodflightdeal,howtogetfromAtoB,orwhichdestinationstoaddorsubtractfromourjourney.supportingfactstwomistakesOnemistakeisplannersare

attemptingtomaximizevalueformoney.

Anothermistakeisthatweworrytoomuchaboutstrategicissues.Tip2:Leaveoutthecomplementary(补充的)informationwhichistolistdetails,giveexamplesorreasonsandmodifythekeyword.Discussion2:HowtoParaphrase?5.usesynonyms(同义)2.summarizeexamples(概括)1.combinesentences(并句)3.changethevoice(语态)4.changethesentencestructure(句型)

积累常用概要写作的词组benefitsdevelopment/growthdespite/inspiteofshows/conveys/revealsavailablesymptomsreasonsgenerally/normally/usuallyruin/spoil/limit/affectinfinancialdifficultiesmakebetterpreparationssayno/goodbyeto;resistbeaddictedtofocuson/concentrateonisofgreatbenefitisbeneficialtosb/isgoodforsbface=befacedwithshoulderresponsibilitybeexposed/accessibletomainlydueto/forlackofbecomecommon/popularattachgreatimportancetoWordBank积累常用的同义词替换begoodat/knowwellexpressmaketakepartinmakesureinterestpreferdifficultimportantknowcauseshowso

thinghaveagoodcommandofconveyenableparticipateinensureattract/appealtofavorchallengingvitalbeawareof/realizeleadto/resultin/contributeto/bringaboutindicate/illustrate/implytherefore/consequently/accordingly/asaresultaffair/business/matter积累概要写作常见句型科普类文章（发明、发现、新事物、新现象）1．Foryears/centuries/…,peoplehaveconsideredsth_____.→…whichhavelongbeenconsidered…(inhistory),2．描写A比B好→…,whichhasmanyadvantages/benefitsover…3．（结尾）发明物或发现目前还无法实现，但科学家仍在努力。Althoughsomeproblemsabout…remainunsolved,we’ll…4.用with短语作定语，描述人或事物的特征

如ananimalwithahighlevelofintelligence

用with+宾语+宾补，表示状况

如withabookinhishand,hecamein.Passage4Weshouldn’tjudgeapersonbytheirappearancebutwedo.Infact,theexpertssaythatwhenwemeetsomeoneforthefirsttimewemakeadecisionaboutwhatthatpersonislikeinthreeseconds.Butwhatdowelookat?Oneofthemostimportantthingsisclothes,butitisn'tthebrandofclothesthatpeoplewearthatisimportant.Theimportantthingistoweartherightclothesfortheoccasion.Schoolshavealwaysunderstoodthisandalotofthemasktheirstudentstowearauniform.Why?Alotofteachersthinkauniformmakesstudentsfeelthattheyarepartoftheirschoolandthattheiruniformhelpsthemtobeseriousabouttheirstudies.Teacherssaythatuniformscanhelpinotherwaystoo.Ifallthestudentswearuniforms,theycan'tjudgeeachotherbecauseoftheirclothes.Italsoavoidsargumentsaboutwhoorwhatisfashionable.However,itisnotonlyschoolsthatwantpeopletodressinacertainway.Weallhavefixedideasaboutwhatthepeopleinacertainprofessionshouldwear.Ifwevisitadoctor,weexpecttoseerespectableclothesunderthedoctor’swhitecoat.Whenwegointoabankweexpectthestafftowearsuitsordresses.Policeofficerswearuniformstodetercrimebyestablishingavisiblepresencewhileonpatrol,tomakethemselveseasilyidentifiabletonon-policeofficersortheircolleagueswhorequireassistance,andtoquicklyidentifyeachotheratcrimescenesforeaseofcoordination.Infact,alotofcompanieshavedresscodesfortheirstaffbecausetheyknowthatthecustomersexpecttoseethemdressedincertaintypesofclothes.Butcanourclothesreallytellpeoplewhatwearelike?Maybenot,buttheycanshowourattitudetowhatwearedoingatthemoment.Whenpeopleseeusintherightclothes,theythinkweareseriousaboutwhatwearedoing.Furthermore,ifweareclean,smartandpolite,peoplewillhaveconfidenceinus.Para.1Para.3Para.2Para.4ListtheKeyPointsPara.Key

points1234OpinionEvidenceEvidenceConclusionButwhatdowelookat?Oneofthemostimportantthingsisclothes.Theimportantthingistoweartherightclothesfortheoccasion.Schoolsasktheirstudentstowearauniform.Why?Alotofteachersthinkauniformmakesstudentsfeelthattheyarepartoftheirschoolandthattheiruniformhelpsthemtobeseriousabouttheirstudies.Teacherssaythatuniformscanhelpinotherwaystoo.However,itisnotonlyschoolsthatwantpeopletodressinacertainway.…visitadoctor…gointoabank…Policeofficers…alotofcompanies……buttheycanshowourattitudetowhatwearedoingatthemoment..Furthermore,peoplewillhaveconfidenceinus.ParaphraseKeyPointsKeypoint1Butwhatdowelookat?Oneofthemostimportantthingsisclothes.Theimportantthingistoweartherightclothesfortheoccasion.Paraphrase1.Wearingtherightclothesisimportantbecausepeoplelookatourclothes.2.Wearingtherightclothesfortheoccasionisimportantifwewanttoleavegoodfirstimpressions.3.Wearingproperclothesisimportantforfirstimpressions.ParaphraseKeyPointsKeypoint2Schools

asktheirstudentstowearauniform.Why?Alotofteachersthinkauniformmakesstudentsfeelthattheyarepartoftheirschoolandthattheiruniformhelpsthemtobeseriousabouttheirstudies.Teacherssaythatuniformscanhelpinotherwaystoo.Paraphrase1.Schoolsaskstudentstowearauniformbecauseithelpstheminmanyways.2.Studentsarerequiredto

wearauniformbecauseitbenefitsinvariousways.ParaphraseKeyPointsKeypoint3However,itisnotonlyschoolsthatwantpeopletodressinacertainway.…visitadoctor…gointoabank…Policeofficers…alotofcompanies…Paraphrase1.However,notonly

schoolsbutalso

placessuchas

hospitals,banks,policestationsandsomecompanieswantpeopletodressinacertainway.2.Besidesstudents,otherpeoplewhoworkforhospitals,banks,policestationsandsomecompaniesarealsosupposedto

wearuniformsbecauseofconvenience.ParaphraseKeyPointsKeypoint4…buttheycanshowourattitudetowhatwearedoingatthemoment..Furthermore,peoplewillhaveconfidenceinus.Paraphrase1.Ourclothescanshowourattitudeand

makepeoplehaveconfidenceinus.

2.Ourclothesrepresent/standfor

ourattitudeandhelpuswintrustfrom

others.

Connect!but,yet,however,thoughthus,thereforemeanwhile,ontheotherhandfirstly/secondly/lastly,becauseofthese…forexample/suchasinshort,inconclusion…

ConnectKeyPointsPoint1Wearingproperclothesisimportantforfirstimpressions.Point2Schoolsaskstudentstowearauniformbecauseithelpstheminmanyways.Point3Besidesschools,otherplaces,likehospitals,banks,policestationsandsomecompaniesalsowanttheirstafftowearuniformsbecauseofconvenience.Point4Ourclothesrepresentourattitudeandhelpuswintrustfromothers.Forexample,Inconclusion,WriteandEditWearingproperclothesisimportantforfirstimpressions.(要点1)Forexample,schoolsaskstudentstowearauniformbecauseitbenefitstheminvariousways.(要点2)Besidesschools,otherplaces,likehospitals,banks,policestationsandsomecompaniesalsowanttheirstafftodressinuniformsbecauseofconvenience.(要点3)Inconclusion,ourclothescanshowourattitudeandwintrustfromothers.(要点4)

(60词)Inourdailylife,almosteachofushasexperiencedprocrastination,whichhasagreatinfluenceonourfinancial

lossandpeaceofmind.Whenweputoffouractions,weareactuallyavoidingpain,sinceamajorityofussparenoeffortsnevertoleaveacomfortzone.Onewaytogetridoftheprocrastinationi