2017-2018学年高中英语译林版选修七教学案Unit3SectionⅣGrammaramp；Writing

Section_ⅣGrammar&Writing语法图解探究发现①IamspeakinginfavouroftheInternet.②TherearetwomainpointswhichmustbeincludedwhenweanalysetheInternet.③Withthetouchofabuttonortheclickofamouse,astudentwillfindabundantinformation.④Theseproblemsdonotoccurasoftenwhenpeopleusetraditionalreferencematerials.⑤Tohelpsolvethisproblem,aspecialclinicwasopenedinBeijingin2005.⑥Oneuniversitydidastudyaboutthestudentswhohaddroppedout.[我的发现](1)按英语词类划分，以上各句中黑体部分的词均为助动词。(2)以上各句中黑体部分的词均无词汇意义，不能单独作谓语。(3)②⑤句中黑体部分的词在句中与实义动词一起构成被动语态。(4)①③⑥句中黑体部分的词在句中与实义动词一起构成某种时态。(5)④句中黑体部分的词在句中与实义动词“occur”一起构成否定形式。一、助动词的概念协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词(MainVerb)。助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉语翻译，用于构成时态、语态。二、助动词的分类类别例词特点基本助动词be,do,have无词汇意义，只有语法作用，协助主要动词构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句等助动词短语(半助动词)beaboutto,bedueto,begoingto,belikelyto,bemeantto,besupposedto,bewillingto,haveto,seemto,beunableto,beunwillingto在功能上介于主要动词和助动词之间的一类结构其他助动词will,shall,should，would无词义，主要用来构成将来时[即时演练1]用适当的助动词填空①Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish.②Ihaven'tseenhimforalongtime.③OnlywhenwebeganourcollegelifedidwerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.④Hewilletotheofficethisafternoon.⑤Thesebooksarenotsupposedtobetakenoutofthereading­room.三、基本助动词的用法1．助动词be的用法用法例句be＋现在分词，构成进行时态Englishisbeingmoreandmoreimportant.Theywerehavingameeting.be＋过去分词，构成被动语态Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.be＋动词不定式表示最近、未来的计划或安排HeistogotoNewYorknextweek.表示命令Youaretoexplainthis.[即时演练2](1)用所给动词的适当形式填空①(重庆高考改编)Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn'tknowhewas_ing(e)untilyesterday.②(北京高考改编)—Hi,let'sgoskating.—Sorry,I'now.Iyrightnow.Iam_filling(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.③(大纲卷改编)Unlesssomeextramoneyis_found(find),thetheatrewillclose.(2)完成句子①她现在正在写一本书。Sheis_writing_a_booknow.②当我到达那里时，他们正在看电视。Theywere_watching_TVwhenIgotthere.③很多人在地震中丧生。Manypeoplewere_killedintheearthquake.④今天下午2点你到我们老师的办公室来。Youare_to_gettoourteacher'sofficeat2o'clockthisafternoon.2．助动词have的用法用法例句have/had＋过去分词，构成完成时态Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork.have＋been＋现在分词，构成完成进行时IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.have＋been＋过去分词，构成完成时态的被动语态EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.[即时演练3](1)用所给动词的适当形式填空①(天津高考改编)Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparationshave_been_made(make)．②(湖南高考改编)Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening,wehave_been_trying(try)tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.③(江苏高考改编)—HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheYouthOlympicGamestobeheldinNanjing?—Well,themediahave/has_covered(cover)itinavarietyofforms.(2)完成句子①那不可能是约翰，他进城了。Itcan'tbeJohn.Hehas_gone_to_town.②我一上午都在修理冰箱。Ihave_been_fixing_the_fridgeallthismorning.③英语在我国已被广泛使用。Englishhas_been_used_widelyinourcountry.3．助动词do的用法用法例句构成一般疑问句DoyouwanttopasstheCET？do＋not构成否定句Idonotwanttobecriticized.构成否定祈使句Don'tbesoabsent­minded.放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气Doshutup！用于倒装句LittledidIknowaboutthecitywhenIwasyoung.代替实义动词以避免重复Sheworksharderthanhedoes.[名师点津](1)构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。(2)加强动词语气，应在具备以下两个条件时使用：①只用于一般时；②只用于肯定句。(3)用于倒装句，应具备副词never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so等位于句首的条件。[即时演练4](1)写出助动词在下列各句中的用法①Theydon'tdotheirhomeworkathome.构成一般现在时的否定式②Doesshegetupearlyinthemorning?构成一般现在时的疑问式③WhendidhegraduatefromtheCambridge?构成一般过去时的疑问式④Doetomybirthdaypartyplease.放在动词原形前加强语气⑤Idon'tknowwherehelives;nordoIcare.用于倒装句(2)单句语法填空①(江苏高考改编)“Neverforasecond，”theboysays,“didIdoubtthatmyfatherwouldetomyrescue.”②(重庆高考改编)—IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.—ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay,didn'tyou?四、半助动词的用法半助动词指在功能上介于主要动词和助动词之间，本身带有词义的一类结构。常见的半助动词有appearto,happento,turnoutto,wouldrather,beaboutto,bedueto,begoingto,belikelyto,beobligedto,besupposedto,bewillingto,have(got)to,hadbetter,seemto,beableto,getto,becertainto等。它们既能与主要动词构成复杂的动词词组，也可与基本助动词和情态助动词搭配充当“主要动词”。①Tomwouldratherreadthantalk.②Jimpartedfromhisfriends,saying,“Ihavegottosubscribetothisarrangement.”③Thesebacteriaarelikelytomakecertainbodypartsswellup.＝Itislikelythatthesebacteriawillmakecertainbodypartsswellup.[即时演练5]写出下列各句中加黑部分的汉语意思①Youarenotsupposedtoparkyourcarhere.应该②Wehavetobecarefulwhendriving.必须③Myfatherusedtowalktowork.过去常常④Heislikelytowinthegame.很有可能五、其他助动词(will/shall,would/should)的用法用法例句will/shall＋动词原形，构成一般将来时。①IshallstudyharderatEnglish.②HewillgotoShanghai.would/should＋动词原形，构成过去将来时。ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.[即时演练6](1)用所给动词的适当形式填空①(北京高考改编)—Whattimeisit?idea.Butnoidea.Butjustaminute,Iwill_check(check)itforyou.②(山东高考改编)Theymadeuptheirmindthattheywould_buy(buy)anewhouseonceLarrychangedjobs.(2)完成句子①他说他第二天来。Hesaidhewould_ethenextday.②明天她要领着孩子们逛动物园。Tomorrowshewill_take/show_her_childrenaroundthezoo.③我听说你要升职了。Iheardthatyouwould_get_a_promotion.Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．Hewill_start/is_starting(start)theworkinafewminutes.2．Ifitdoesn't_rain(notrain)tomorrow,thesportsmeetingwilltakeplace.3．Hedid(do)etovisitusyesterdayashehadpromised.4．Ifyoupromisetoreturnitontime,youshall_get(get)one.5．Look!Theraceisaboutto_start(start)．6．Manytallbuildingswill_be_built(build)inmytownnextyear.7．Wouldyouliketoanswermyquestion?8．Ihave_been_washing(wash)clothesallthismorning.9．Whenhewasatcollege,hewould_go(go)totheconcertonceaweek.10．You'resupposedto_make(make)anappointmentwiththeeducator.Ⅱ.完成句子1．当处于困境时，他没有向别人求助。Hedidn't_turn_to_otherswhenintrouble.2．当你去国外的时候一定要与我们保持通信。Do_correspond_with_uswhenyougoabroad.3．由于贫穷，他很可能会退学。Hewill_be_likely_to_drop_outbecauseofpoverty.4．我想知道他究竟应该做什么。Iwonderwhatonearthhe_is_supposed_to_do.5．我们过去时常见面，但是自从他出国以后我就没有收到过他的来信。Weused_to_see_each_other_regularly,_butIhaven'theardfromhimsincehewentabroad.6．自那以来我们一直教英语。Wehave_been_teaching_Englishsincethen.7．这本书是由一位著名的作家写的。Thebookwas_writtenbyafamouswriter.8．会议明天一早举行。Themeetingis_to_take_placeearlytomorrow.9．音乐会已经推迟到下周五。Theconcerthas_been_put_offuntilnextFriday.10．昨天，我到家时，弟弟正在玩电脑游戏。Mybrotherwas_playing_puter_gameswhenIgothomeyesterday.Ⅲ.短文改错Ourclassrecentlywentontheschooltriptoanadventurecentre.Itislocatingnottoofarawayfromtheschool.Itonlytookustwohoursgettherebybus.Thereweretwentyofourselvesandwespendfivedaysthereonasailingcourse.Theactivitiesweregoodorganisedbutsafetystandardswerehigh.Weenjoyedthecoursesalthoughtheweatherwasbad.Eachstudentwasgivenalotofpersonalattention,whohelpedthemtodeveloptheirconfidence.Ibelievethiscoursewasgoodforallthestudents,andIthinktheschoolshouldorganiseamoresimilartripnextyear.答案：第一句：the→a第二句：locating→located第三句：get前加to第四句：ourselves→us;spend→spent第五句：good→well;but→and第六句：courses→course第七句：who→which第八句：去掉more一、基本结构图表类作文属于半开放式作文的写作范畴，题目往往要求我们根据要求将图表信息以文字的形式呈现出来。图表类作文一般至少包含描述图表所示内容和解释原因两个部分。其写作规律性较强，故有一定的模式可循。图表类作文主要有两类：表格式和图形式。写作思路如下：1．首段。不管是表格式(table)还是图形式(chart)，文章的第一段都需要对所示信息进行描述。描述时，认真阅读图表提供的信息以及每一栏上面的小标题，弄清设题者想通过图表来反映的信息、问题或现象。长度要适中。2．主体段落主体段落是呈现图表信息的段落，也是最终实现图文转换的段落。写主体段落时要注意以下几个方面：(1)圈定所要转述的信息时，要在题目的具体要求下进行，还要对信息进行明确的分类。(2)重组信息时，要注意根据题目要求去确定信息表述的详略，重要的信息要详细说明，一般了解性信息一笔带过即可。(3)对所给信息的转述要使用不同的表达方法，反映在文章中也就是要使用不同的词、词组、句型等。3．末段末段通常用于深化主题，对全文进行总结，发表个人看法。写此段时要注意结论的客观性、看法的合理性，不可妄加评断。二、增分佳句1．Asisshowninthegraph,peoplebuyfewershoesasthepriceofshoesgoesup.如图所示，随着鞋价升高，人们就购买较少的鞋子。2．Fromthechartwecanseethatonly10%ofthetimeistakenupwithsportsactivities.从图表中我们看出仅有10%的时间被用在体育活动上。3．Thelatestsurveysindicatethatquiteafewchildrenhaveunpleasantassociationswithhomework.最新调查表明：相当多的孩子不乐意做作业。4．Whenitestoprofession,moreboyswillchooselawyers.当谈及职业时，更多的男孩将选择做律师。5．ReadingtheunhealthyinformationontheInternetwilldogreatharmtothem.看网络上的有害信息将对他们造成极大的伤害。6．IhopeeverystudentcanmakeuseoftheInternetproperlyfortheirstudiesandhealth.我希望为了学习和健康，每个学生都能适当地利用网络。7．Inconclusion,weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment.总之，我们应不遗余力来美化环境。8．Basedonthedescriptionabove,wecandrawtheconclusionthattoprotecttheenvironmentaroundusistosaveourselves.基于以上所述，我们能得出结论：保护我们周围的环境就是拯救我们自己。[题目要求]近年来，越来越多的中国学生选择出国留学，这些留学生在国外的表现如何？哪些方面对他们来说是最难适应的？某大学做了一项调查，结果如图所示。请你根据下图，向某报社投稿，描述这一现象并发表自己的看法。注意：词数100左右，文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：社会文化适应socialacculturation人际沟通interpersonalmunicationperformance.___________________sarechoosingtogoabroadtostudyeveryyear.But,sothrillinganexperienceasitis,adjustingtothecultureofaforeigncountrycanalsobeachallenge,whichmayinfluencetheiracademicperformance.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第一步：审题构思很关键一、审题1．确定体裁：本文为图表类作文。2．确定人称：本文主要人称为第三人称。3．确定时态：本文主要使用一般现在时。二、构思第一段：调查内容；第二段：图表信息；第三段：针对图表反映的问题，提出建议。第二步：核心词汇想周全1．have_little_trouble_(in)_doing_sth.做某事没困难2．adapt_oneself_to专注于3．obstacle障碍4．get_used_to习惯于5．munity_services_and_activities社区服务活动第三步：由词扩句雏形现1．可清楚地看到，大多数中国留学生适应日常生活没困难。It_can_be_seen_clearly_thatmostChineseoverseasstudentshave_little_trouble_adjusting_todailyroutines.2．他们大多数认为人际沟通是个大问题，得分最低。Mostofthemfind_interpersonal_munication_a_big_problemandthescoreofitisthelowest.3．对于中国留学生来说最大的挑战是与当地的社交圈子融洽相处。ThebiggestchallengeforChineseoverseasstudentsisto_fit_into_local_social_circles.4．建议留学生多参加社区服务活动，这样会有助于他们快速习惯于国外的生活。Itissuggestedthatoverseasstudentstake_part_in_more_munity_services_and_activities,_anditcanhelpthemget_used_to_the_lifeinaforeigncountrymorequickly.第四步：句式升级造亮点1．用as引导非限制性定语从句改写句1As_can_be_seen_clearly,_most_Chinese_overseas_students_have_little_trouble_adjusting_to_daily_routines.2．用the＋n.＋ofwhich改写句2Most_of_them_find_interpersonal_munication_a_big_problem,_the_score_of_which_is_the_lowest.3．用现在分词短语作状语改写句4It_is_suggested_that_overseas_students_take_part_in_more_munity_servic