考前押题06 概要写作题(期末专项训练) （原卷版）

考前押题06概要写作题(期末专项训练)话题1社会与自我话题4研究与发现话题2生活与健康话题5生态与自然话题3科技与生活话题6社会与服务话题1社会与自我Passage1HowtoDevelopHealthyDigitalHabitsIntoday’sdigitalworld,teenagersspendincreasingamountsoftimeonscreens,whichcannegativelyimpacttheirphysicalandmentalhealth.Developinghealthydigitalhabitsisessentialformaintainingbalanceinlife.Thefirststepistosetclearboundariesforscreentime.Expertsrecommendtakingregularbreaksusingthe20-20-20rule:every20minutes,lookatsomething20feetawayfor20seconds.Turningoffnotificationsduringstudytimehelpsmaintainconcentration.Establishing“screen-free”zones,especiallyinbedrooms,cansignificantlyimprovesleepquality.Anotherimportantaspectisbeingmindfulofonlinecontent.Followingeducationalorinspirationalaccountsratherthanthosepromotingunrealisticstandardscanboostmentalwell-being.Studentsshouldalsoscheduleofflineactivitieslikesports,reading,orface-to-facesocializingtomaintainahealthybalancebetweenvirtualandreal-worldinteractions.Parentsandschoolsplayacrucialroleinmodelingandteachingdigitalwellness.Opendiscussionsaboutresponsibletechnologyuse,cyberbullyingprevention,andcriticalthinkingaboutonlineinformationshouldbeencouraged.Teacherscanincorporatedigitalliteracyintotheircurriculumtohelpstudentsnavigatetheonlineworldsafely.Bycarryingoutthesestrategies,teenagerscanenjoytechnology’sbenefitswhileavoidingitsrisks.Healthydigitalhabitsformedduringschoolyearswillservestudentswellthroughouttheirlivesinourincreasinglyconnectedworld.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage2WhatIsEmotionalEating?Emotionaleatingiswhenpeopleusefoodasawaytodealwithfeelingsinsteadoftosatisfyhunger.We’veallbeenthere,finishingawholebagofchipsoutofboredomordowningcookieaftercookiewhilepreparingforabigtest.Butwhendonealot—especiallywithoutrealizingit—emotionaleatingcanaffectweight,health,andoverallwell-being.Notmanyofusmaketheconnectionbetweeneatingandourfeelings.Butunderstandingwhatdrivesemotionaleatingcanhelppeopletakestepstochangeit.Oneofthebiggestmythsaboutemotionaleatingisthatit’scausedbynegativefeelings.Yes,peopleoftenturntofoodwhenthey’restressedout,lonely,sad,anxious,orbored.Butemotionaleatingcanbelinkedtopositivefeelingstoo,liketheromanceofsharingdessertonValentine’sDayorthecelebrationofaholidayfeast.Sometimesemotionaleatingistiedtomajorlifeevents,likeadeathoradivorce.Moreoften,though,it’sthecountlesslittledailystressesthatcausesomeonetoseekcomfortordistractioninfood.Emotionaleatingpatternscanbelearned:Achildwhoisgivencandyafterabigachievementmaygrowupusingcandyasarewardforajobwelldone.Akidwhoisgivencookiesasawaytostopcryingmaylearntolinkcookieswithcomfort.It’snoteasyto“unlearn”patternsofemotionaleating.Butitispossible.Anditstartswithanawarenessofwhat’sgoingon.We’reallemotionaleaterstosomeextent(whohasn’tsuddenlyfoundroomfordessertafterafillingdinner?).Butforsomepeople,emotionaleatingcanbearealproblem,causingseriousweightgain.Thetroublewithemotionaleating(asidefromthehealthissues)isthatoncethepleasureofeatingisgone,thefeelingsthatcauseitremain.Andyouoftenmayfeelworseabouteatingtheamountortypeoffoodyoudid.That’swhyithelpstoknowthedifferencesbetweenphysicalhungerandemotionalhunger.Nexttimeyoureachforasnack,checkinandseewhichtypeofhungerisdrivingit.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________话题2生活与健康Passage1CombatingCyberbullying:AGuideforAdultstoProtectandSupportChildrenIfyounoticewarningsignsthatachildmaybeinvolvedincyberbullying,takestepstoinvestigatethatchild’sdigitalbehavior.Adultsshouldtakeactiontohandlecyberbullying:supportthebulliedchild,addressthebullyingbehaviorofaparticipant,andshowchildrenthatcyberbullyingistakenseriously.Sincecyberbullyinghappensonline,respondingtoitrequiresdifferentapproaches.Ifyouthinkthatachildisinvolvedincyberbullying,thereareseveralthingsyoucando.Thefirstthingparentscandoistorecognizeiftherehavebeendramaticchangesinmoodorbehavior.Tryprimarilytodetermineifthesechangeshappenaroundachild’suseofdigitaldevices.Forexample,ifachildwhowaspreviouslyenthusiasticaboutusingsocialmediaorplayingonlinegamessuddenlybecomeswithdrawnorreluctanttoengagewiththeseactivities,itcouldbeasignthattheyareexperiencingcyberbullying.Ifyou’veconfirmedthatyourchildhasbeenbullied,Iadviseyoutoaskquestionstolearnwhatishappening,howitstarted,andwhoisinvolved.Remembertokeeparecordofwhatyourkidsays,andtakescreenshotsofharmfulpostsorcontentifpossible.Mostlawsandpoliciesnotethatbullyingisarepeatedbehavior,sorecordshelptodocumentit.Mostsocialmediaplatformsandschoolshaveclearpoliciesandreportingprocesses.Ifaclassmateiscyberbullying,reportittotheschool.Youcanalsousesocialmediaplatformstoreportoffensivecontentandhaveitremoved.Ifachildhasreceivedphysicalthreats,orifapotentialcrimeorillegalbehaviorisoccurring,reportittothepolice.Instantreportcanbecrucialinpreventingfurtherharmandensuringthatthesituationisaddressedpromptlyandeffectively.Byactingquickly,youcanhelpprotectthevictimfromadditionaldistressandpotentiallystopthebullyingfromescalating.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage2Whycan’tadultstalknormallytobabies?Inscientificliterature,babytalkiscalled“parentese”,andisauniquewayofcommunicatingwithbabies.Itofteninvolvesusingrepetitiveandexaggeratedsounds,suchas“cooing”and“goo-goo,”alongwithusingdiminutivewordslike“baby,”“binky,”or“blankie.”Adultsalsotendtospeakmoreslowlyandemphasizekeywordsorphraseswhenengaginginbabytalk.What’sthepointofusingsucharidiculousstyleoftalkingwithbabies?Whynotjusttalktoababywithnormalspeech,likewe’dtalktoanotheradult,orevena5-year-oldchild?Primarily,weusebabytalktocapturethebaby’sattention.Thedramaticvocalizationsandfacialexpressionsservetoengagethechild’sfocusbybeingdistinctfromalltheothernoiseandvisualstimuliaroundthebaby.Remember,thebrainofanewbornbabyisstilldevelopingandneedsdifferentcuestoengageandlearnsomething.Babytalkalsohelpstoestablishanemotionalconnectionbetweentheadultandthebaby.Thegentletoneconveysaffection,love,andcare.Asaresult,inaway,itreassuresthechildbygivinghimasenseofsecurity.Interestingly,therewasastudywhereresearcherstested2,329babiesfrom16countriesontheirpreferenceforthislivelyvocalization.Babiesclearlypreferitwhenwe“ooh”and“coo”.Thestudyalsorevealedthatbabiesfromalmostallcultureshaveaninbornloveforbabytalk.Babytalktellstheinfants,“Hey!Thisspeechisonlyforyou,sinceyou’respecial,”andwhodoesn’tlovethat?Itmeltstheirsweetlittleheartsandwarmsours.Tosupportyourbaby’sdevelopment,tryusingbabytalkregularly.Useaplayfultone,makeeyecontact,andemphasizekeywords.Thesesimpleactionsstrengthenbondsandworkalotfortheirdevelopment.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________话题3科技与生活Passage1TheJunkificationofOurCultureThemusichistorianTedGioiawroteanessaythatforthepastmanyyearscommercialpressureshavebeenpushingmanycreativepeopletocreateentertainment.Butnow,Gioiaobserved,entertainment(supermovies)isbeingswallowedupbydistraction(TikTok,Instagram).Gioiawrote:“Thetechplatformsdon’twanttofindthenextMichelangeloorMozart.Theywanttocreateaworldofjunkies—becausetheywillbedealers.”Eachobjectofdistractionlastsonlyafewsecondsanddoesn’trequireanycognitivework;theaudiencejustkeepsscrolling,reachingforimmediategratification,butitfailstosatisfy.Itjustputsyouonahamsterwheeloflookingforthenextmildstimulusandprettysoonyou’reinthelandofaddiction.Bigprofit-drivencompaniesdon’tcare.Theyhavebecomesensationalatarousingandmanipulatingourdesires.Byofferingconstanttemptation,theythreatentoreduceourcapacityforself-control.Thegreatvolumeofadvicefallsintotwobuckets.First,thereistheself-bindingbucket.Createrulessoyoudon’thaveeasyaccesstothethingsthattemptyou:Nophonesinschool.Noalcoholinthehouse.Thecarefullycraftedrulesareabarrierbetweenyourselfandthethingsthatcouldderailyourprogressandharmyourwellbeing.Thesecondbucketisthehigherdesiresbucket.That’sbasedonthepremisethatyouusuallycan’tcontroladesirethroughsheerwillpower.Butyoucanreplacealowdesirewithahigherdesire.Forexample,pregnantwomengiveupalcoholbecausetheappealofadrinkisdwarfedbytheirlovefortheircomingchild.Iimaginetheculturaldeclinecanbeturnedaroundifpeoplecanexperience,atschoolorsomewhereelse,theemotionalimpactofagreatfilmoragreatnovel.Onceyou’vetastedthefinewine,it’shardertosettleforKool-Aid.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage2MentalworkManypeoplebelievethatphysicalworkismoreexhaustingthanmentalwork.However,recentresearchinpsychologyhasshownthatmentalworkcanbejustastiringasphysicalwork.Mentalworkcanbeemotionally,cognitively(认知地),andphysicallyexhausting,leadingtofeelingsoftiredness,burnout,andevenphysicaldiscomfort.Mentalworkrequiresalotoffocusandattention,whichconsumesasignificantamountofmentalenergyandwillpower,especiallywhenweengageintasksrequiringlongperiodsofconcentration.Complexthinkingandcognitivelydemandingtaskscanactuallyburncalories.Accordingtosomeresearch,theaveragepersonburnsabout320caloriesonatypicaldayjustfromthinking.Alotofmentalworkcanbeemotionallywearing.Peopleworkinginprofessionscanexperienceemotionalexhaustionduetotheconstantemotionaldemandsoftheirjobs.Psychologistsrefertothisasemotionallabor.Itespeciallyappliestojobswherewedealwithmanydifferentpeopleandpersonalitiesthroughouttheday,suchasrespondingtocustomercomplaints.Theseworkersareaskedtosmileandbehappyallday,evenwhentheyareoverloaded,stressed,ordepressed.Topreventmentalexhaustion,itisimportanttorecognizethesignsofmentalexhaustionandtakeproactivestepstopreventburnout.Oneofthemosteffectivewaysistotakeregularbreaksthroughouttheday,whichcanhelpusrechargeourmentalbatteries,reducestress,andincreaseouroverallproductivity.Furthermore,thekeytoahealthywork-lifebalanceliesinsettingboundariesbetweenworkandpersonallife,managingourworkload,andprioritizingself-careactivitieslikeexercise.Bytakingcareofourmentalenergylevels,wecanimproveouroverallwell-beingandleadamorefulfillinglife.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________话题4研究与发现Passage1HowGenerativeAIIsChangingCreativeWorkLargelanguageandimageAImodels,sometimescalledgenerativeAIorfoundationmodels,havecreatedanewsetofopportunitiesforbusinessesandprofessionalsthatperformcontentcreation.ExpertshavemaintainedthatAIhasthepotentialtorevolutionizecreativework.Tobeginwith,ithasrealizedautomatedcontentgeneration.GenerativeAIusescomplexmachinelearningmodelstointerpretandmanipulatepre-existingdata,thusgeneratingcontent,suchasarticles,blogposts,orsocialmediapostsautomatically.Thiscanbeavaluabletime-savingtoolforbusinessesandprofessionalwhocreatecontentonaregularbasis.AI-generatedcontentisalsoverylikelytobeofhigherqualitythancontentcreatedbyhumansduetothefactthatAImodelsareabletolearnfromalargeamountofdataandidentifypatternsthathumansmaynotbeabletosee.Forinstance,throughautomatedfact-checking,namely,automaticallycomparingtheinformationtotrustedsourcesanddatabases,generativeAIcanhelpensurethatinformationpresentedinarticlesorsocialmediapostsisaccurateandtruthful.AImodelscangenerateavarietyofcontenttypes,includingtext,images,andvideo,whichhelpsbusinessesandprofessionalstocreatemorediverseandinterestingcontentthatappealstoawiderrangeofpeople.GenerativeAIcanhelpthempersonalizethecontentandboostcustomerengagement,too.Oneapplicationcouldbeincreatingpersonalizedemailmarketingcampaigns.BusinessescanemployAIpoweredsoftwaretoachievesubjectlineandemailbodypersonalizationandaddressrecipientsbytheirnameororganization,whichhelpsbusinesses’widely-distributedgeneralemailfeelmorepersonal.Overall,whiletherearestillchallengestobeaddressedinthedevelopmentandimplementationofthesetechnologies,thepotentialbenefitsofAIinimprovingcreativeworkarenumerousandfar-reaching.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage2e-learning:Hazypast—betterfuture?Howmuchofaneffectdoestechnologyhaveonstudents’learning?Asignificantone,itseems,accordingtoexperts.Currentlyavailabletechnologies,themostimportantofwhicharecomputersandtheInternet,apparentlyprovidealearningenvironmentinwhichproblem-solvingandintellectualenquirycanflourish.Theprocessoflearningintheclassroommaybecomesignificantlymoreeffectiveasstudentscandealwithinformationonthecomputer.Orsothetheorygoes.Myownviewpointisratherdifferent,I’mafraid.Computershavebeenaroundfortwodecadesaspartofschoolequipment.Thereare,ofcourse,obstacleslikecoststoovercome,butit’sjustamatteroftimeandeffort.Thisisbecauseschoolshavedonewhateveryorganisationdoeswhenitseesaninnovation—itappliestheinnovationtoitsexistingmodel,whichaddscostbutdoesn’ttransformthestandardclassroom.Wehave,duringthatperiod,spentover$60billiononthem,butinmyviewtheyseemtohavehadlittleornoeffectonlearninginschools.Contentiskingandthemodeofdeliveryisirrelevant.Ifateachermakesthesubjectmatterinteresting,itdoesnotmatterwhat,ifany,equipmentisused.However,changeisonthehorizon.Ithinkstudent-centredlearningwillbecomethenormandtransformeducation.Computerswillpavethewayforfarmoreindependentlearning.Studentswhocurrentlydon’thaveaccesstoschoolsorteachersarenowabletogetonline.Theycanstudyfromhomethankstothefactthatmorelearningprogrammesarebeingwrittenforlearnerswhoareforcedbytheircircumstancestobeself-sufficient.Thiswouldproveespeciallybeneficialinthoseareasoftheworldwherequalityeducationislimitedorextremelyexpensive.Therefore,inafewyears’timewecouldhaveacompletelydifferentconversationabouttechnologyanditsimpactonlearning.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________话题5生态与自然Passage1LowerOxygenLevelsThreatenMarineLifeOxygenintheoceansisbeinglostatanalarmingrate,with“deadzones”expandingrapidlyandhundredsmoreareasshowingoxygendangerouslyexhausted,puttingsharks,tuna,marlinandotherlargefishspeciesatparticularrisk.Deadzones,whereoxygeniseffectivelyabsent,havequadrupled(翻两番)inextentinthelasthalf-century,andtherearealsoatleast700areaswhereoxygenisatdangerouslylowlevels,upfrom45whenresearchwasundertakeninthe1960s.Thereasonsbehindthisenvironmentalcollapsearemultiple.Amongall,pollutantsgeneratedbytheindustrialworldhavebeenthemostdestructiveforcetocausetheunbalance,includingarisingtideofplasticwaste,aswellasotherpollutants.Seasareabout26%moreacidicthaninpre-industrialtimesbecauseofabsorbingtheexcesscarbondioxideintheatmosphere,accordingtotheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,withdamagingimpactsonshellfishinparticular.Lowoxygenlevelsarealsoassociatedwithglobalheating,becausethewarmerwaterholdslessoxygenandtheheatingcausesstratification(分层),sothereislessofthevitalmixingofoxygen-richandoxygen-poorlayers.Oceansareexpectedtoloseabout3-4%oftheiroxygenbytheendofthiscentury,buttheimpactwillbemuchgreaterinthelevelsclosesttothesurface,wheremanyspeciesareconcentrated,andinthemidtohighlatitudes.Anothermajorcauseforloweroxygenisintensivefarming.Whenexcessartificialfertilizerfromcrops,orwastesfromthemeatindustry,runsoffthelandandintoriversandseas,itfeedsalgae(藻类)whichbloomandthencauseoxygenconsumptionastheydieanddecay.Theproblemofdeadzoneshasbeenknownaboutfordecades,butlittlehasbeendonetotackleit.Nowishightimetotakeactionsandhelptheoceansfunctionbetter.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage2Somescientistssaythatanimalsintheoceansareincreasinglythreatenedbynoisepollutioncausedbyhumanbeings.Thenoisethataffectsseacreaturescomesfromanumberofhumanactivities.Itiscausedmainlybyindustrialunderwaterexplosions,oceandrilling,andshipengines.Suchnoisesareaddedtonaturalsounds.Thesesoundsincludethebreakingoficefields,underwaterearthquakes,andsoundsmadebyanimalsthemselves.Decibels(分贝)measuredinwateraredifferentfromthosemeasuredonland.Anoiseofonehundredandtwentydecibelsonlandcausespaintohumanears.Inwater,adecibellevelofonehundredandninety-fivewouldhavethesameeffect.Somescientistshavesuggestedsettinganoiselimitofonehundredandtwentydecibelsinoceans.Theyhaveobservedthatnoisesatthatlevelcanfrightenandconfusewhales.AteamofAmericanandCanadianscientistsdiscoveredthatloudernoisescanseriouslyinjuresomeanimals.Theresearchteamfoundthatpowerfulunderwaterexplosionswerecausingwhalesintheareatolosetheirhearing.Thisseriouslyaffectedthewhales’abilitytoexchangeinformationandfindtheirway.Someofthewhalesevendied.Theexplosionshadcausedtheirearstobleedandbecomeinfected(感染).Manyresearcherswhoseworkdependsonoceansoundsareagainstalimitofonehundredandtwentydecibels.Theysaysuchalimitwouldmeananendtoimportantindustrialandscientificresearch.Scientistsdonotknowhowmuchandwhatkindsofnoisesareharmfultooceananimals.However,manyscientistssuspectthatnoiseisagreaterdangerthantheybelieved.Theywanttopreventnoisesfromharmingcreaturesintheocean.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________话题6社会与服务Passage1Ifsomeoneyouknowasksyounosy（爱管闲事的）questions,thenyouarenotobligedtoanswerifyoudon’twantto.Hereitismoreimportantthatyouhavesomepolitebrush-off（拒绝）,butitisstillnotrudeforyoutorefuse.Ifyouthinktheyshouldn’thaveaskedthequestionlike“Howmuchmoneydoyouearn?”，thenIstronglyrecommendlookingveryshockedandsaying“Ican’tbelieveyoujustaskedmethat!”andeitherleavingthemtogetoutofitormovingonyourselftoanothersubject.Iftheytrytopressyoubysaying“Iwasjustinterested…”Thenyoucankeeptheshockedlookandsay“I’mnottellingyouthatwithasmuchemphasisasyoulikeonthe‘you’.”Butwhatifthequestionisn’tquitesounforgivable?Thenyouneedamoresmilingresponse:“Ican’tpossiblytellyouthat”or“I’mnottellinganyonethat”or“Wouldn’tyouliketoknow?”Butyoumuststandfirm,becauseotherwisethey’llneverlearnandwillkeepexpectingyoutotellthemyourinnermostsecrets.Thereiscertainlyneveranyneedtotellyoursecretsjustbecausesomeoneelsetoldtheirs.Therearequestionsthatseemperfectlyreasonable—“Areyouplanningtomove?”,“Areyougoingtogobacktowork?”,“Areyougoingonholidaythisyear?”—butifansweredtruthfullymightleadtounexpectedrevelationsofsomethingbad.Hereyouarefreetotellwhiteliesandsay“Wedon’tknow/haven’tdecidedyet/haven’treallythoughtaboutit”.Lookingvagueandchangingthesubjectisthekeyhere.Ifthequestionwasreasonable,thenit’spolitetoembarrasstheaskeraslittleaspossible—theywereprobablyonlymakingco