专题01 动词时态（方法技巧+高考模拟）（期末复习讲义）（解析版）

3/3专题01动词时态（期末复习讲义）年份卷别考点考情分析2025北京卷现在完成时、过去进行时【考向透视】时态考查以“语境化运用”为主，阅读/完形中通过时间标志词判断时态，语法填空/改错侧重“时态呼应”；现在完成时（含完成进行时）、过去进行时是近3年高频考点。【复习目标】复习需掌握“时间标志词+语境逻辑”判断法，区分易混时态，强化“时态+语态”综合运用。新高考I卷现在完成进行时、一般将来时新高考II卷一般过去时、过去完成时浙江卷现在完成时、现在进行时2024新高考I卷过去完成时、现在进行时全国甲卷一般现在时、现在完成时浙江卷一般过去时、将来进行时2023新高考II卷现在完成时、过去进行时全国乙卷一般将来时、过去完成时浙江卷现在完成进行时、一般过去时高中核心时态重点讲解高中核心时态重点讲解知识点01一般现在时核心逻辑：表示习惯性动作、客观真理、当前状态或固定计划/时刻表结构：主语+动词原形（三单作主语时，动词加-s/-es，如work→works；study→studies）否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形；疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形？时间标志词：often,usually,always,sometimes,everyday/week,onceaweek,onSundays等注意事项：客观真理即使在宾语从句中也用一般现在时（如Hesaidtheearthgoesaroundthesun.）；三单化需牢记特殊规则（如wash→washes,do→does）【即时检测】1.Water____________________at100degreesCelsiusunderstandardpressure.(boil)2.Mymotherusually____________________dinnerat6o’clockeveryevening.(cook)3.He____________________playingbasketball,butheenjoysswimming.(notlike)4.Thetrain____________________at8:30tomorrowmorning,soweneedtogetupearly.(leave)5.____________________yourfather____________________newspapersafterbreakfasteveryday?(read)6.Ifit____________________tomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic.(rain)【答案】1.boils2.cooks3.doesn’tlike4.leaves5.Does;read6.rains易｜错｜点｜拨易错点1：三单变化遗漏或错误。规避方法：牢记“以s/x/ch/sh/o结尾加-es，辅音+y结尾变y为i加-es”，特殊动词（do→does,go→goes）单独记忆。易错点2：客观真理误用过去时。规避方法：只要是公认的客观事实（如自然规律、科学真理），无论主句时态如何，从句均用一般现在时。易错点3：时间/条件状语从句中误用将来时。规避方法：遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时表将来，如Ifitrainstomorrow（不用willrain）。知识点02一般过去时核心逻辑：表示过去某个时间点/时间段发生的动作（已结束，与现在无关）或过去习惯性动作结构：主语+动词过去式（规则动词加-ed，不规则动词需记忆，如go→went,eat→ate）否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形；疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形？时间标志词：yesterday,lastnight/week/month,ago,in2020,justnow,when引导的过去时间从句等注意事项：过去习惯性动作可用usedtodo（强调“过去常做现在不做”）或woulddo；需区分与现在完成时的差异（前者无现在影响，后者有）。【即时检测】1.I____________________mygrandparentslastweekendandhadagoodtime.(visit)2.She____________________ateachertenyearsago,butnowsheisawriter.(be)3.He____________________hishomeworkyesterdaybecausehewasill.(notdo)4.____________________you____________________thefilmyesterdayevening?(watch)5.WhenIwasachild,Ioften____________________footballafterschool.(play)6.Heusedto____________________toschool,butnowhetakesthebus.(walk)【答案】1.visited2.was3.didn’tdo4.Did;watch5.played6.walk易｜错｜点｜拨易错点1：与现在完成时混淆。规避方法：若句中有明确过去时间标志（yesterday/lastweek/ago等），仅表过去动作本身，用一般过去时；若强调“过去动作对现在的影响”，用现在完成时。易错点2：usedtodo与beusedtodoing混淆。规避方法：usedtodo表“过去常常”，后接动词原形；beusedtodoing表“习惯于”，后接动名词。易错点3：不规则动词过去式记忆错误。规避方法：分类记忆高频不规则动词（如AAA型：cut-cut-cut；ABB型：feel-felt-felt；ABC型：go-went-gone）。知识点03一般将来时核心逻辑：表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或状态结构：①will/shall+动词原形（shall多用于第一人称，will可用于所有人称）；②begoingto+动词原形（强调计划/打算或有迹象发生）时间标志词：tomorrow,nextweek/month/year,soon,inthefuture,in+时间段（如intwodays）等注意事项：will表临时决定/客观预测，begoingto表事先计划/主观迹象；beabouttodo表“即将发生”，与具体时间状语连用。【即时检测】1.Lookatthedarkclouds!It____________________soon.(rain)2.I____________________youwithyourhomeworkthisevening.Ipromise.(help)3.She____________________goingtobuyanewbikenextmonth.Shehasalreadysavedmoneyforit.(be)4.____________________you____________________themeetingtomorrowmorning?(attend)5.Thetrain____________________abouttoleavewhenhearrivedatthestation.(be)6.Ifhecomes,we____________________apartyforhim.(have)【答案】1.isgoingtorain2.willhelp3.is4.Will;attend5.was6.willhave易｜错｜点｜拨易错点1：will与begoingto误用。规避方法：有明确计划/准备（如savemoney、booktickets）或明显迹象（darkclouds）用begoingto；临时决定、承诺或客观预测用will。易错点2：beabouttodo与具体时间状语连用。规避方法：beabouttodo本身含“即将”含义，不能与tomorrow/in5minutes等具体时间状语同用，可说beabouttoleave（不说beabouttoleavetomorrow）。易错点3：过去将来时结构错误。规避方法：主句为过去时，表“过去的将来”用would+动词原形或was/weregoingto+动词原形，如Hesaidhewouldcome（不说willcome）。知识点04现在进行时核心逻辑：表示此刻正在进行的动作，或现阶段正在进行但此刻不一定在做的动作结构：主语+am/is/are+动词-ing形式否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+动词-ing；疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+动词-ing？时间标志词：now,atthemoment,look,listen,thesedays等注意事项：状态动词（如like,love,know,have）不用于进行时；可表近期确定的将来安排（如I’mleavingtomorrow.）现在进行时表将来的位移动词，go/leave/come，arrive、start、travel【即时检测】1.Listen!Someone____________________inthenextroom.(sing)2.They____________________basketballnow.Let’sjointhem.(play)3.I____________________Englishthisterm.It’sveryinteresting.(learn)4.She____________________TVnow.Sheisdoingherhomework.(notwatch)5.____________________yourbrother____________________abookatthemoment?(read)6.We____________________forBeijingtomorrow.Ourticketsarealreadybooked.(leave)【答案】1.issinging2.areplaying3.amlearning4.isn’twatching5.Is;reading6.areleaving易｜错｜点｜拨易错点1：状态动词误用进行时。规避方法：牢记“感观（see/hear）、情感（like/love）、认知（know/understand）、拥有（have）”等状态动词无进行时，表“此刻拥有”用have，不用ishaving（除have表“举办/吃”时，如ishavingaparty）。易错点2：混淆“现阶段进行”与“此刻进行”。规避方法：句中有thesedays/thisterm等时间标志，表“现阶段持续但此刻不一定做”，仍用现在进行时，如I’mlearningEnglishthisterm。易错点3：表将来安排时误用will。规避方法：表示已计划好的近期将来（如已订票、约好时间），用现在进行时（go/leave/come等位移动词），不用will，如I’mleavingtomorrow（不说willleave）。知识点05过去进行时核心逻辑：表示过去某个时间点/时间段正在进行的动作（常作背景，与一般过去时动作并列）结构：主语+was/were+动词-ing形式否定句：主语+was/were+not+动词-ing；疑问句：Was/Were+主语+动词-ing？时间标志词：at8:00yesterdayevening,from7:00to9:00lastnight,when/while引导的过去时间从句等注意事项：while引导的从句常用过去进行时（表持续动作），主句用一般过去时（表短暂动作）【即时检测】1.I____________________TVat8:00yesterdayeveningwhenmymothercameback.(watch)2.They____________________footballfrom3:00to5:00lastSundayafternoon.(play)3.She____________________dinneratthattime.Shewasreadinganovel.(notcook)4.____________________they____________________ameetingat10o’clockyesterdaymorning?(have)5.WhileTom____________________basketball,hefellandhurthisknee.(play)6.Whentherainstarted,we____________________inthepark.(walk)【答案】1.waswatching2.wereplaying3.wasn’tcooking4.Were;having5.wasplaying6.werewalking易｜错｜点｜拨易错点1：while与when引导从句时的时态混淆。规避方法：while表“持续时间段”，从句多为过去进行时；when表“瞬间时间点”，主句多为过去进行时、从句为一般过去时（或反之），如Whileshewasreading,thephonerang；Whenhearrived,Iwascooking。易错点2：两个持续动作并存时的时态选择。规避方法：若两个动作在过去同时持续进行，均用过去进行时，如Theyweresingingwhileweweredancing。易错点3：遗漏be动词（was/were）。规避方法：过去进行时结构必须完整（was/were+doing），主语为三单用was，复数用were，不可省略，如Hewasplaying（不说Heplaying）。知识点06现在完成时核心逻辑：表示过去动作对现在的影响/结果，或从过去持续到现在的动作/状态结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词；疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词？时间标志词：already,yet,ever,never,just,for+时间段,since+时间点/从句,sofar,uptonow，“inthepastfewyears”“overthelastdecade”（高考高频标志词）等注意事项：与一般过去时的区别——前者强调“现在影响”，后者强调“过去动作本身”；for/since常与现在完成时连用（表持续）【即时检测】1.I____________________myhomeworkalready.Canwegooutnow?(finish)2.She____________________inthiscitysinceshewasborn.(live)3.____________________youever____________________theGreatWall?It’samazing.(visit)4.They____________________eachotherforalongtime,sotheyhavealottotalkabout.(know)5.He____________________backfromBeijing.Helookstired.(come)6.We____________________Englishforsixyearsbynow.(learn)【答案】1.havefinished2.haslived3.Have;visited4.haveknown5.hascome6.havelearned/learnt易｜错｜点｜拨易错点1：与一般过去时混淆。规避方法：看是否有“现在关联”——能回答“现在怎么样了”用现在完成时（如I’vefinishedmyhomework.现在可以出去了）；仅陈述过去事实用一般过去时（如Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.不涉及现在）。易错点2：for/since与一般过去时连用。规避方法：for+时间段、since+时间点/从句表“从过去持续到现在”，必须与现在完成时连用，如Hehaslivedherefor5years（不说lived）。易错点3：already/yet的位置错误。规避方法：already用于肯定句（句中或句末），yet用于否定句和疑问句（句末），如Ihavealreadyfinished；Haveyoufinishedyet？知识点07过去完成时核心逻辑：表示在过去某一动作/时间之前已完成的动作（即“过去的过去”）结构：主语+had+动词过去分词时间标志词：bythetime,before,when引导的过去时间从句，bytheendof+过去时间等注意事项：必须有明确的“过去参照点”（先于该参照点的动作才用过去完成时）【即时检测】1.BythetimeIarrivedatthecinema,thefilm____________________.(begin)2.Hetoldmethathe____________________suchakindpersonbefore.(nevermeet)3.She____________________Englishforfiveyearsbeforeshewentabroad.(study)4.They____________________theprojectbytheendoflastyear.(complete)5.Whenwegottothestation,thetrain____________________already.(leave)6.I____________________thebookbeforeIattendedthemeeting.(read)【答案】1.hadbegun2.hadnevermet3.hadstudied4.hadcompleted5.hadleft6.hadread易｜错｜点｜拨易错点1：无“过去参照点”误用过去完成时。规避方法：过去完成时必须以“另一个过去动作/过去时间”为参照（先于该参照点），无参照点则用一般过去时，如Hefinishedhishomeworkat8（无参照，用一般过去时）；By8o’clock,hehadfinished（有参照点8点，用过去完成时）。易错点2：混淆动作先后顺序。规避方法：“过去的过去”用过去完成时，后发生的过去动作用一般过去时，如WhenIarrived（后发生）,thebushadleft（先发生）。易错点3：与现在完成时混淆。规避方法：过去完成时表“过去的过去”，与现在无关；现在完成时表“过去到现在”，与现在有关，如Ihaveseenthefilm（现在知道内容）；IsaidIhadseenthefilm（过去说的，仅涉及过去的经历）。解｜题｜技｜巧1.抓时间标志词，快速定位时态这是最直接的解题方法。看到now,look,listen→现在进行时；看到yesterday,lastweek,ago→一般过去时；看到already,yet,for/since→现在完成时；看到bytheendoflastyear,before+过去动作→过去完成时等，可快速锁定答案范围。2.分析动作关系，判断“时间先后”若句子无明确时间标志词，需梳理动作发生的先后顺序。若存在“过去的过去”（一个过去动作先于另一个过去动作），先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时；若动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时。3.关注主从句时态呼应主句为现在时（一般现在时、现在进行时等），从句可根据实际语境用任意时态；主句为过去时（一般过去时、过去进行时等），从句需用相应的过去时态（客观真理除外，仍用一般现在时）。4.结合语境验证，排除错误选项若仍无法确定，可结合句意判断动作的“状态”（一般、进行、完成）。如强调“正在进行”用进行时，强调“对现在的影响”用现在完成时，强调“单纯过去动作”用一般过去时。基础通关（测试时间：10分钟）1.Thesun____________________intheeastandsetsinthewest.(rise)2.Myfather____________________inthisfactoryfor20years.(work)3.WhenIcalledheryesterday,she____________________thephone.(notanswer)4.We____________________apicniciftheweatherisfinethisSunday.(have)5.Look!Thechildren____________________aroundtheplaygroundhappily.(run)6.Bythetimewegothome,it____________________raining.(stop)7.She____________________toBeijingtwice.Shelikesthecityverymuch.(be)8.He____________________toschoolbybike,buttodayhetookthebus.(go)9.At9pmtonight,mostpeople____________________theeveningnews.(watch)10.They____________________thatbridgefornearlytwoyears,anditstillisn’tfinished.(build)11.WhenIwasyoung,I____________________listentostoriestoldbymygrandma.(usedto)12.____________________you____________________yourreportyet?Theteacheriswaitingforit.(finish)13.Thetrain____________________at7:00tomorrowmorning.Weneedtohurry.(leave)14.Whileshe____________________abook,thephonerangsuddenly.(read)15.Hepromisedthathe____________________mewithmyhomeworkthenextday.(help)16.Overthelasttwoyears,ourschool____________________alot.(change)【答案】1.rises2.hasworked3.wasn’tanswering4.willhave5.arerunning6.hadstopped7.hasbeen8.goes9.willbewatching10.havebeenbuilding11.usedto12.Have;finished13.leaves14.wasreading15.wouldhelp16.haschanged重难突破（测试时间：10分钟）1.Bythetimethecommitteemembersreachaconsensus,theproject______(delay)foratleastthreemonthsduetounforeseentechnicalobstacles.2.Theresearcherpointedoutthattheancientcivilization______(develop)asophisticatedirrigationsystemlongbeforeothersocietiesintheregionadoptedsimilartechnologies.3.Aslongaswe______(stick)tothescientificresearchplanandallocateresourcesreasonably,we______(achieve)thebreakthroughwehavebeenstrivingfor.4.Whentherescueteamarrivedattheremotemountainvillage,theyfoundthatthevillagers______(survive)onwildfruitsandspringwaterfornearlyaweekafterthelandslide.5.Theprofessorexplainedthatthenewtheory______(challenge)thetraditionalassumptionsaboutquantummechanicsandwouldrequirefurtherexperimentationtobefullyverified.6.Overthepastdecade,thegovernment______(invest)billionsofyuaninrenewableenergyprojects,which______(play)acrucialroleinreducingcarbonemissionssofar.7.Bytheendofnextyear,theconstructionofthecross-borderhigh-speedrailway______(complete),enablingdirecttravelbetweenthetwocountriesinlessthanfourhours.8.Thewitnesstestifiedthathe______(walk)alongthestreetwhenheheardaloudexplosionandimmediatelycalledtheemergencyservices.9.Scientistspredictthatifglobalwarming______(continue)atthecurrentrate,manycoastalcitiesaroundtheworld______(submerge)byrisingsealevelsby2100.10.Theauthorrevealedthatshe______(work)onherlatestnovelforfiveyearsbeforeitwasfinallypublishedbyarenownedpublishinghouselastmonth.11.Everytimewe______(visit)thehistoricalsite,we______(impress)bytheexquisitecraftsmanshipoftheancientarchitectsandthestoriesbehindtherelics.12.Thecompanyannouncedthatit______(launch)aseriesofnewproductsinthecomingyeartomeetthegrowingdemandforintelligenthomeappliances.13.Bythetimethestudentsgraduatefromuniversity,they______(learn)atleasttwoforeignlanguagesandgainedpracticalworkexperiencethroughinternships.14.Thearchaeologistsdiscoveredthattheruinsthey______(excavate)formonths______(date)backtotheBronzeAge,whichshockedtheacademiccommunity.15.Theteacheremphasizedthatgoodlearninghabits______(form)graduallythroughconsistentpracticeandself-reflectionratherthanovernight.16.Whenthejournalistinterviewedthefamousscientist,helearnedthatthescientist______(devote)hisentirelifetostudyingthemysteriesoftheuniverseandhadmaderemarkableachievements.【答案】1.hasbeendelayed（考察现在完成时被动语态，bythetime引导时间状语从句，主句强调动作持续到现在的影响）2.haddeveloped（考察过去完成时，longbefore引导的时间状语从句提示动作发生在过去动作adopted之前）3.stick;willachieve（考察一般现在时和一般将来时，aslongas引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则）4.hadbeensurviving（考察过去完成进行时，fornearlyaweek提示动作在过去动作found之前持续进行）5.challenged（考察一般过去时，and连接并列谓语，wouldrequire提示时态一致，描述过去的理论）6.hasinvested;haveplayed（考察现在完成时，overthepastdecade和sofar为现在完成时的时间标志词）7.willhavebeencompleted（考察将来完成时被动语态，bytheendofnextyear为将来完成时的时间标志词）8.waswalking（考察过去进行时，when引导时间状语从句，强调过去某一时刻正在进行的动作）9.continues;willhavebeensubmerged（考察一般现在时和将来完成时被动语态，if引导条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”，by2100提示将来完成时）10.hadbeenworking（考察过去完成进行时，forfiveyearsbefore...提示动作在过去动作waspublished之前持续进行）11.visit;areimpressed（考察一般现在时和一般现在时被动语态，everytime引导时间状语从句，描述经常性、习惯性的动作）12.wouldlaunch（考察过去将来时，announced为过去式，宾语从句中“来年推出产品”为过去的将来动作）13.willhavelearned（考察将来完成时，bythetime引导时间状语从句，主句强调到将来某一时刻完成的动作）14.hadbeenexcavating;dated（第一空考察过去完成进行时，formonths提示动作在过去动作discovered之前持续进行；第二空考察一般过去时，datebackto为固定用法，常用一般过去时）15.areformed（考察一般现在时被动语态，描述客观事实，主语goodlearninghabits与form为被动关系）16.haddevoted（考察过去完成时，devote动作发生在learned之前，即“过去的过去”，且强调动作的完成）易混易错（测试时间：10分钟）1.He____________________inShanghaifor5yearsbeforehemovedtoBeijing.(live)2.I____________________thisfilmtwice.I____________________itin2022.(see)3.—____________________you____________________hereforalongtime?—Yes,I____________________heresince8o’clock.(be)4.She____________________drinkingteainthemorning,butshe____________________coffeewhenshewasyoung.(like)5.Theplane____________________at3pm.We____________________fortheairportnow.(leave)6.WhenI____________________atthestation,thetrain____________________already.Don’tconfusetheorderofactions.(arrive);(leave)7.It____________________whenwewentout,sowetookumbrellas.(rain)8.He____________________thathe____________________totheparty,buthehasn’tappearedyet.(promise);(come)9.We____________________ameetingat10o’clocktomorrowmorning.Don’tcallmethen.(have)10.She____________________Englishsinceshewas6yearsold,andshe____________________thePETS-5lastyear.(learn);(pass)11.WhileTom____________________hishomework,hissister____________________thepiano.Bothactionswereongoing.(do);(play)12.I____________________abouttheproblemnow.I____________________itoutyet.(think);(work)【答案】1.hadlived2.haveseen;saw3.Have;been;havebeen4.likes;liked5.leaves;areleaving6.arrived;hadleft7.wasraining8.promised;wouldcome9.willbehaving10.hasbeenlearning;passed11.wasdoing;wasplaying12.amthinking;haven’tworked链接高考（测试时间：15分钟）1.（2025年全国一卷·语法填空）“Theplayers’personalities____________________duringthegame,andone’sweaknessesareexposedtotheopponent,”sheadds.“Adecentwinneralways____________________tobeattheopponentbynomorethanoneortwopointsasagestureofrespectfortheotherside.”(show);(try)2.（2025年全国二卷·语法填空）The“sunshinescentoffreshly